This document proposes a low-cost wireless spectrum-capnography system to detect cholesterol levels in blood using breath analysis. It would measure concentrations of isoprene and carbon dioxide (CO2), which are related to cholesterol biosynthesis. A spectrophotometer would detect isoprene concentration and a capnometer would detect CO2 concentration. These values could then indicate cholesterol levels in the blood. The system would also record electrocardiogram (ECG) signals to provide additional cardiovascular information. It would use ZigBee technology to transmit data to a mobile device for display. Simulation results showed the system could distinguish venous and arterial CO2 concentrations related to cholesterol levels.
Noninvasive blood glucose monitoring system based on near-infrared method IJECEIAES
Diabetes is considered one of the life-threatening diseases in the world which need continuous monitoring to avoid the complication of diabetes. There is a need to develop a non-invasive monitoring system that avoids the risk of infection problems and pain caused by invasive monitoring techniques. This paper presents a method for developing a noninvasive technique to predict the blood glucose concentration (BCG) based on the Near-infrared (NIR) light sensor. A prototype is developed using a finger sensor based on LED of 940 nm wavelength to collect photoplethysmography (PPG) signal which is variable depending on the glucose concentration variance, a module circuit to preprocess PPG signals is realized, which includes an amplifier and analog filter circuits, an Arduino UNO is used to analog-to-digital conversion. A digital Butterworth filterer is used to remove PPG signal trends, then detect the PPG data peaks to determine the relationship between the PPG signal and (BCG) and use it as input parameters to build the calibration model based on linear regression. Experiments show that the Root Mean Squares Error (RMSE) of the prediction is between 8.264mg/dL and 13.166 mg/dL, the average of RMSE is about 10.44mg/dL with a correlation coefficient (R^2) of 0.839, it is observed that the prediction of glucose concentration is in the clinically acceptable region of the standard Clark Error Grid (CEG).
Braun F. et al.: Comparing belt positions for monitoring the descending aorta...Hauke Sann
Swisstom Scientific Library; 15th International Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electrical Impedance Tomography, Gananoque, Ontario, Canada, April 24-26, 2014
Wireless Body Area Networks for Healthcare: A Surveyijasuc
Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are emerging as important networks, applicable in various
fields. This paper surveys the WBANs that are designed for applications in healthcare. We present a
comprehensive survey consisting of stand-alone sections focusing on important aspects of WBANs. We
examine the following: monitoring and sensing, power efficient protocols, system architectures, routing
and security. We conclude by discussing some open research issues, their potential solutions and future
trends.
The Largest Bankruptcies In The United StatesSuzzanne Uhland
Today here in Suzzanne Uhland Slideshare, we want to talk about real household names and how they found themselves so deep in trouble, they had to declare bankruptcy.
Noninvasive blood glucose monitoring system based on near-infrared method IJECEIAES
Diabetes is considered one of the life-threatening diseases in the world which need continuous monitoring to avoid the complication of diabetes. There is a need to develop a non-invasive monitoring system that avoids the risk of infection problems and pain caused by invasive monitoring techniques. This paper presents a method for developing a noninvasive technique to predict the blood glucose concentration (BCG) based on the Near-infrared (NIR) light sensor. A prototype is developed using a finger sensor based on LED of 940 nm wavelength to collect photoplethysmography (PPG) signal which is variable depending on the glucose concentration variance, a module circuit to preprocess PPG signals is realized, which includes an amplifier and analog filter circuits, an Arduino UNO is used to analog-to-digital conversion. A digital Butterworth filterer is used to remove PPG signal trends, then detect the PPG data peaks to determine the relationship between the PPG signal and (BCG) and use it as input parameters to build the calibration model based on linear regression. Experiments show that the Root Mean Squares Error (RMSE) of the prediction is between 8.264mg/dL and 13.166 mg/dL, the average of RMSE is about 10.44mg/dL with a correlation coefficient (R^2) of 0.839, it is observed that the prediction of glucose concentration is in the clinically acceptable region of the standard Clark Error Grid (CEG).
Braun F. et al.: Comparing belt positions for monitoring the descending aorta...Hauke Sann
Swisstom Scientific Library; 15th International Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electrical Impedance Tomography, Gananoque, Ontario, Canada, April 24-26, 2014
Wireless Body Area Networks for Healthcare: A Surveyijasuc
Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are emerging as important networks, applicable in various
fields. This paper surveys the WBANs that are designed for applications in healthcare. We present a
comprehensive survey consisting of stand-alone sections focusing on important aspects of WBANs. We
examine the following: monitoring and sensing, power efficient protocols, system architectures, routing
and security. We conclude by discussing some open research issues, their potential solutions and future
trends.
The Largest Bankruptcies In The United StatesSuzzanne Uhland
Today here in Suzzanne Uhland Slideshare, we want to talk about real household names and how they found themselves so deep in trouble, they had to declare bankruptcy.
Bu yılın Ağustos ve Ekim ayları arasında merkezi İtalya’da Apeninler dağlık bölgesinde büyüklüğü 6’ dan fazla ve önemli kayıplara neden olan üç tane deprem oldu. Bu makalede merkezi İtalya’daki bu son depremleri yaratan jeolojik koşullar ve Deprembilim (Sismoloji) açısından ilginç özellikler sergileyen deprem kimlikleri değerlendirilecektir.
Merkezi İtalya’da Apenin Dağlarına paralel uzanan ve kıta içi normal faylanma kimliği taşıyan Etruriyan Fay Kuşağı üzerindeki bu büyük deprem tetiklenmeleri önümüzdeki yıllarda daha fazla incelenmeyi gerektiren bir durum sergilemektedir. USGS’den Stein ve arkadaşlarının 30 Ekim 2016 depreminden sonra yazdıkları raporda dikkat çektikleri “bundan sonra ne?” cümlesi umarım başta İtalya’daki deprembilimciler için oldukça önemli bir araştırma alanı açarken, deprem kuşakları üstünde yaşayanlar için de bazı umut verici buluşlar yaratır.
Presentación marilin díaz biodiversidad y contaminaciónMARILIN DIAZ
Explicación de los reinos que conforman la biodiversidad del planeta. Esquemas relativos a los recursos naturales, contaminación, agentes contaminantes y manejo inteligente de desechos.
Putting Theory to Work: Comparing theoretical perspectives on academic practi...John Hannon
As research into teaching, learning and professional development has shifted beyond cognitive and individually focussed accounts (Fenwick & Edwards, 2016; Peseta, Kligyte, Smith & McLean, 2016), what begins to surface are the negotiations, interdependencies and collectives inherent in academic work environments. These emergent socialities can be analysed by drawing on the rich conceptual resources of sociology that are used to explore complex issues in higher education. Yet sociology encompasses distinct traditions, concepts and methodologies that are rarely brought to comparative analysis in higher education or examined for their relative commensurability. In this chapter we attempt such a comparative endeavour, focussing on academics in a disciplinary collective and the resources they call upon in their professional development as university teachers, and in their response to organisational change.
Journalistic interviews can be efficiently transcribed with general transcription services. This blog highlights how such interviews can be successfully recorded and transcribed.
PERFUSION SYSTEM CONTROLLER STRATEGIES DURING AN ECMO SUPPORTijsc
In this work modelling and control of Perfusion system is presented. The Perfusion system simultaneously
controls the partial pressures during Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) support. The
main Problem in ECMO system is exchange of Blood Gases in the Artificial Lung (Oxygenator).It is a
highly Nonlinear Process comprising time-varying parameters, and varying time delays, it is currently
being controlled manually by trained Perfusionist. The new control strategy implemented here has a
feedback linearization routine with time-delay compensation for the Partial pressuresof Oxygen and
Carbon dioxide. The controllers were tuned robustly and tested in simulations with a detailed artificial
Lung (Oxygenator) model in Cardiopulmonary bypass conditions. This Automatic control strategy is
proposed to improve the patient’s safety by fast control reference tracking and good disturbance rejection
under varying conditions.
Design of the Pulse Oximetry Measurement Circuit and Its Sensing System Based...IOSRJEEE
The pulse oximetry circuit and its sensing system is designed based on the standard CMOS technology of 0.18um. The reflection oxygen sensor is used to collect the pulse oximeter signal of human body, then the collected physiological signals are processed by the data processing circuit The data processing circuit is composed of two parts: the amplifying circuit and the band-pass filter circuit, and the pulse oximeter data processed by the data processing circuit is written into the tag through the SPI communication The RFID reader read the data in the RFID tag through wireless communication, and display the data . The experimental results show that the maximum error is ±1%. The maximum error of the pulse is ±1.9%. The stability and feasibility of pulse blood oxygen sensing system is demonstrated in this paper and it will have a good application prospect in the direction of wearable medical wisdom research
Introduction: Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a colourless, odourless and euphoric gas produced as a result of incomplete combustion of organic materials. It could either cause morbidity or mortality depending on the concentration and duration of exposure. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the long term effect of CO inhalation on haematological parameters.
Chronic lung disease, in which the airway gets obstructed, is known as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). According to WHO, COPD kills more than 3 million people every year. Spirometry is used to diagnose COPD; has many limitations
With increase in potential for bioterrorism, there is a great demand to detect the bio agents in the atmosphere in a quick, reliable and accurate method. Biosensor is a analytical device which uses enzymes, immunosystems, tissues that converts biological response into electrical, thermal or optical signals. Biosensor is an efficient and cost effective device which is most widely used for various day to day applications. Biosensor consists of two components: first the “sensing element” and second is the “transducers”. Sensing element may be either enzymes, antibodies, DNA, tissues or whole cells which then transduces the biochemical reaction into electrical signals. Basic advantage of biosensor is the use of nanomaterials, micro fluidics and transducer on a single chip. Biosensors have found its application in fermentation, food industry, diagnosis, imaging, DNA sequencing and biodefense. Development of nanotechnology leads to the development of macro and micro sensors which is small and sensitive.
Biosensors have become more popular with biochemistry and analytical chemistry. Biosensors are used to detect pollutants, microbial load, control parameters and metabolites. Leland C Clark is the father of biosensor who invented the glucose biosensor to determine the glucose level in the sample. Clark entrapped glucose oxidase in a dialysis membrane and placed within a oxygen electrode. DNA sensor has been included in the family of biosensors which can be used for disease diagnosis. Biosensors are fabricated using nanotechnology, these devices helps use to analyze in a quick and accurately.
Bu yılın Ağustos ve Ekim ayları arasında merkezi İtalya’da Apeninler dağlık bölgesinde büyüklüğü 6’ dan fazla ve önemli kayıplara neden olan üç tane deprem oldu. Bu makalede merkezi İtalya’daki bu son depremleri yaratan jeolojik koşullar ve Deprembilim (Sismoloji) açısından ilginç özellikler sergileyen deprem kimlikleri değerlendirilecektir.
Merkezi İtalya’da Apenin Dağlarına paralel uzanan ve kıta içi normal faylanma kimliği taşıyan Etruriyan Fay Kuşağı üzerindeki bu büyük deprem tetiklenmeleri önümüzdeki yıllarda daha fazla incelenmeyi gerektiren bir durum sergilemektedir. USGS’den Stein ve arkadaşlarının 30 Ekim 2016 depreminden sonra yazdıkları raporda dikkat çektikleri “bundan sonra ne?” cümlesi umarım başta İtalya’daki deprembilimciler için oldukça önemli bir araştırma alanı açarken, deprem kuşakları üstünde yaşayanlar için de bazı umut verici buluşlar yaratır.
Presentación marilin díaz biodiversidad y contaminaciónMARILIN DIAZ
Explicación de los reinos que conforman la biodiversidad del planeta. Esquemas relativos a los recursos naturales, contaminación, agentes contaminantes y manejo inteligente de desechos.
Putting Theory to Work: Comparing theoretical perspectives on academic practi...John Hannon
As research into teaching, learning and professional development has shifted beyond cognitive and individually focussed accounts (Fenwick & Edwards, 2016; Peseta, Kligyte, Smith & McLean, 2016), what begins to surface are the negotiations, interdependencies and collectives inherent in academic work environments. These emergent socialities can be analysed by drawing on the rich conceptual resources of sociology that are used to explore complex issues in higher education. Yet sociology encompasses distinct traditions, concepts and methodologies that are rarely brought to comparative analysis in higher education or examined for their relative commensurability. In this chapter we attempt such a comparative endeavour, focussing on academics in a disciplinary collective and the resources they call upon in their professional development as university teachers, and in their response to organisational change.
Journalistic interviews can be efficiently transcribed with general transcription services. This blog highlights how such interviews can be successfully recorded and transcribed.
PERFUSION SYSTEM CONTROLLER STRATEGIES DURING AN ECMO SUPPORTijsc
In this work modelling and control of Perfusion system is presented. The Perfusion system simultaneously
controls the partial pressures during Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) support. The
main Problem in ECMO system is exchange of Blood Gases in the Artificial Lung (Oxygenator).It is a
highly Nonlinear Process comprising time-varying parameters, and varying time delays, it is currently
being controlled manually by trained Perfusionist. The new control strategy implemented here has a
feedback linearization routine with time-delay compensation for the Partial pressuresof Oxygen and
Carbon dioxide. The controllers were tuned robustly and tested in simulations with a detailed artificial
Lung (Oxygenator) model in Cardiopulmonary bypass conditions. This Automatic control strategy is
proposed to improve the patient’s safety by fast control reference tracking and good disturbance rejection
under varying conditions.
Design of the Pulse Oximetry Measurement Circuit and Its Sensing System Based...IOSRJEEE
The pulse oximetry circuit and its sensing system is designed based on the standard CMOS technology of 0.18um. The reflection oxygen sensor is used to collect the pulse oximeter signal of human body, then the collected physiological signals are processed by the data processing circuit The data processing circuit is composed of two parts: the amplifying circuit and the band-pass filter circuit, and the pulse oximeter data processed by the data processing circuit is written into the tag through the SPI communication The RFID reader read the data in the RFID tag through wireless communication, and display the data . The experimental results show that the maximum error is ±1%. The maximum error of the pulse is ±1.9%. The stability and feasibility of pulse blood oxygen sensing system is demonstrated in this paper and it will have a good application prospect in the direction of wearable medical wisdom research
Introduction: Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a colourless, odourless and euphoric gas produced as a result of incomplete combustion of organic materials. It could either cause morbidity or mortality depending on the concentration and duration of exposure. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the long term effect of CO inhalation on haematological parameters.
Chronic lung disease, in which the airway gets obstructed, is known as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). According to WHO, COPD kills more than 3 million people every year. Spirometry is used to diagnose COPD; has many limitations
With increase in potential for bioterrorism, there is a great demand to detect the bio agents in the atmosphere in a quick, reliable and accurate method. Biosensor is a analytical device which uses enzymes, immunosystems, tissues that converts biological response into electrical, thermal or optical signals. Biosensor is an efficient and cost effective device which is most widely used for various day to day applications. Biosensor consists of two components: first the “sensing element” and second is the “transducers”. Sensing element may be either enzymes, antibodies, DNA, tissues or whole cells which then transduces the biochemical reaction into electrical signals. Basic advantage of biosensor is the use of nanomaterials, micro fluidics and transducer on a single chip. Biosensors have found its application in fermentation, food industry, diagnosis, imaging, DNA sequencing and biodefense. Development of nanotechnology leads to the development of macro and micro sensors which is small and sensitive.
Biosensors have become more popular with biochemistry and analytical chemistry. Biosensors are used to detect pollutants, microbial load, control parameters and metabolites. Leland C Clark is the father of biosensor who invented the glucose biosensor to determine the glucose level in the sample. Clark entrapped glucose oxidase in a dialysis membrane and placed within a oxygen electrode. DNA sensor has been included in the family of biosensors which can be used for disease diagnosis. Biosensors are fabricated using nanotechnology, these devices helps use to analyze in a quick and accurately.
Perfusion System Controller Strategies during an ECMO Support ijsc
In this work modelling and control of Perfusion system is presented. The Perfusion system simultaneously controls the partial pressures during Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) support. The main Problem in ECMO system is exchange of Blood Gases in the Artificial Lung (Oxygenator).It is a highly Nonlinear Process comprising time-varying parameters, and varying time delays, it is currently being controlled manually by trained Perfusionist. The new control strategy implemented here has a feedback linearization routine with time-delay compensation for the Partial pressuresof Oxygen and Carbon dioxide. The controllers were tuned robustly and tested in simulations with a detailed artificial Lung (Oxygenator) model in Cardiopulmonary bypass conditions. This Automatic control strategy is proposed to improve the patient’s safety by fast control reference tracking and good disturbance rejection under varying conditions.
The design and the fabrication of RF characteristics measurement cell to estimate the
constituents of human blood is described in this manuscript. The human blood has over 100
constituents of which glucose and cholesterol are important parameters which needs to be quantified
for monitoring health parameters. It is necessary to find out the level of glucose in blood separately
in order to determine the level of Cholesterol more accurately. Hence the authors propose a quick,
portable and low-cost device which could be used to monitor the level of glucose and other important
parameters. This manuscript includes the data obtained for Glucose dissolved in water as per
percentage found in the human blood. The data will be fed to a multivariate system programmed in a
FPGA device to estimate the glucose concentration. The results shown here are in the RF range of
10MHz-4GHz.
Phonocardiogram based diagnostic systemijbesjournal
A Phonocardiogram or PCG is a plot of high fidelity recording of the sounds and murmurs made by the
heart with the help of the machine called phonocardiograph. It has developed continuously to perform an
important role in the proper and accurate diagnosis of the defects of the heart. As usually with the
stethoscope, it requires highly and experienced physicians to read the phonocardiogram. A diagnostic
system based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is implemented as a detector and classifier of heart
diseases. The output of the system is the classification of the sound as either normal or abnormal, if it is
abnormal what type of abnormality is present. In this paper, Based on the extracted time domain and
frequency domain features such as energy, mean, variance and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients
(MFCC) various heart sound samples are classified using Support Vector Machine (SVM), K Nearest
Neighbour (KNN), Bayesian and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) Classifiers. The data used in this paper
was obtained from Michigan university website.
Use of Capnograph in Breathlessness Patientsnhliza
This is a research topic carried out in the Emergency Department and the abstract was presented at the International Conference In Emergency Medicine in SanFrancisco April 2008
AUTOMATIC HOME-BASED SCREENING OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA USING SINGLE CHANNE...ijaia
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the most widespread respiratory diseases today. Complete or relative breathing cessations due to upper airway subsidence during sleep is OSA. It has confirmed potential influence on Covid-19 hospitalization and mortality, and is strongly associated with major comorbidities of severe Covid-19 infection. Un-diagnosed OSA may also lead to a variety of severe physical and mental side-effects. To score OSA severity, nocturnal sleep monitoring is performed under defined protocols and standards called polysomnography (PSG). This method is time-consuming, expensive, and requiring professional sleep technicians. Automatic home-based detection of OSA is welcome and in great demand. It is a fast and effective way for referring OSA suspects to sleep clinics for further monitoring. On-line OSA detection also can be a part of a closed-loop automatic control of the OSA therapeutic/assistive devices. In this paper, several solutions for online OSA detection are introduced and tested on 155 subjects of three different databases. The best combinational solution uses mutual information (MI) analysis for selecting out of ECG and SpO2-based features. Several methods of supervised and unsupervised machine learning are employed to detect apnoeic episodes. To achieve the best performance, the most successful classifiers in four different ternary combination methods are used. The proposed configurations exploit limited use of biological signals, have online working scheme, and exhibit uniform and acceptable performance (over 85%) in all the employed databases. The benefits have not been gathered all together in the previous published methods.
An efficient convolutional neural network-extreme gradient boosting hybrid de...IJECEIAES
In this paper, we present an efficient deep-learning hybrid model comprising an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) supervised learning algorithm and convolutional neural networks (CNN) for the automated detection of diseases. The proposed model is implemented and tested to detect type-2 diabetes by measuring the acetone concentration in the exhaled breath. Acetone will be present in much higher concentrations in type-2 diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic people. A novel sensing module is designed and implemented in our study to measure the acetone concentration in exhaled breath. The proposed approach delivered good results, with a classification accuracy of 97.14%. The findings of this study show how effectively the proposed detection module functions in disease diagnosis applications. As the detection process is simple and non-invasive, people can undergo routine checks for diabetes with the proposed detection module.
1. WORLDCOMP’16 CSUB 1/12
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering & Computer Science
California State University Bakersfield
Wireless Spectrum-Capnography System for Detecting
Cholesterol Levels in the Blood
Jenny Villatoro and Vida Vakilian
July 27, 2016
2. Abstract
Abstract
WORLDCOMP’16 CSUB 2/12
The human breath analysis can be used to determinate the values of volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), such as cholesterol (C27H26O) and isoprene
(C5H8), that are associated with some diseases, for example, lung cancer,
atherosclerosis, and diabetes.
Despite the utility of this biochemical fluid analysis provides, it is a not very
preference method used for clinical diagnosis. Partly the reason is the cost
because the tools used for the analysis are expensive.
This research concentrates on the spectrum-capnography system that will
detect isoprene and CO2 concentrations in order to measure the cholesterol
levels in the blood.
To meet this challenge, we propose to design a low-cost wireless spectrum-
capnography prototype with an electrocardiographic (ECG) signal, thus
provides heart and respiratory rates, isoprene, and CO2 as a biomarker of
interest that are useful information to people with cardiovascular diseases.
3. Motivations
Motivations
WORLDCOMP’16 CSUB 3/12
Cardiovascular disease is burdensome on healthcare system due to its
associated cost of care and the fact that it is a silent killer. Regular
screening for cholesterol may help determine onset and presence of
the cardiovascular disease.
Proposing a spectrum-capnography system that is able to detect the
concentration of CO2 and isoprene and therefore measure the cholesterol
(C27H26O) levels present in the blood.
Developing a low-cost spectrum-capnography prototype using wireless
sensor networking.
4. Introduction
Introduction
WORLDCOMP’16 CSUB 4/12
Isoprene is a heat sensitive organic
compound. It can be found naturally
in the human body and in the
environment at relatively low
concentrations. The primary source of
isoprene in the human body has been
ascribed to the mevalonate pathway
of cholesterol biosynthesis.
Biosynthesis of the Cholesterol is
made from acetyl-CoA. Steroids are
biosynthetically from pyrophosphate
(active isoprene) that is the first
several compounds in the pathway in
the cholesterol production.
Fig. 1. Biochemical pathway of isoprene
Fig. 2. Biosynthesis of cholesterol
5. Introduction
Introduction
WORLDCOMP’16 CSUB 5/12
The Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a
diagnostic tool that records the
electrical activity of the heart. The
heart contracts as the electrical
impulse travels through the body.
The cardiac impulse came from
sinoatrial (SA) node and spread
through the His- Purkinje bundle into
the ventricles. The maximum positive
potential reaches 1 mV
The Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool that records the electrical activity of the
heart. The heart contracts as the electrical impulse travels through the body. The cardiac
impulse came from sinoatrial (SA) node and spread through the His- Purkinje bundle into the
ventricles. The maximum positive potential reaches 1 mV.
The goal of this research is to propose a low-cost non-invasive monitoring device that can
read the cholesterol levels in the blood using the concentration of carbon dioxide with
ZigBee wireless technology and incorporates LabVIEW in order to display the biomedical
signals in mobile devices.
Fig. 3. Einthroven Triangle Fig. 4. ECG Signal
6. Hypothesis
Hypothesis
WORLDCOMP’16 CSUB 6/12
A low-cost breath analysis could be made it by using a spectrum-capnometer with ZigBee
technology. Spectrophotometer can detect the isoprene concentration and the
capnometer can detect CO2 concentration. This values could help us to find the
concentration of cholesterol in the blood. Also, the electrocardiographic (ECG) signal can
add more relevant information that would help the physician to detect cardiovascular
disease.
Signal
Acquisition
Stage.
Analog circuit
block: electrodes,
amplifiers, low and
high pass filters,
and conditioner DC
voltage adder
amplifier.
Z
I
G
B
E
E
C
A
R
D
M
I
C
R
O
C
O
N
T
R
O
L
E
R
Fig. 5. Block Diagram of the Wireless Monitor using ZigBee Technology
7. Physical Background and Methods
Physical Background and Methods
WORLDCOMP’16 CSUB 7/12
Spectrophotometry is the physical model and method used to measure the concentration and
absorption of CO2 and isoprene gases.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Fig 6: Acquisition Method; (1) breath
source, (2) vacuum pump, (3) needle
valve, (4) pressure control point , (5) drift
tube, (6) CO2 sensor.
Fig.6. Acquisition Method
9. Results
Simulation Results
WORLDCOMP’16 CSUB 9/12
We record the breath rate continuously during 30 seconds. The maximum and
minimum levels of the recorded pCO2 are 66 and 6 mmHg, respectively.
Fig.7: Analysis of breath pCO2 concentration of a female adult during exercise. We then use
the obtained results to compare with the isoprene values that are strong related to the
pulmonary CO2 exchanges.
10. Results
Simulation Results
WORLDCOMP’16 CSUB 10/12
Using the infrared and visible lights to determine the pCO2 concentration in the
venous and arteries, respectively. The physiological range of venous CO2
concentration is between 30-50 mmHg, and arterial CO2 concentration is between
80-105 mmHg. .
These values are compared with the venous blood isoprene concentration to help
us to determine the cholesterol levels in blood.
11. Conclusions
Conclusions
WORLDCOMP’16 CSUB 11/12
We proposed a new breath sampling method to determine the
cholesterol levels in the blood. The main idea is to sense the
exhaled breath gas using infrared (IR) light, CO2 sensor, and a
spectrophotometer to measure the isoprene concentration.
The obtained data from these sensors contain information
about the pCO2 and isoprene (cholesterol biosynthesis)
concentrations that help to measure the cholesterol levels in
blood.
We process the measured data via a microcontroller and ZigBee
card and display these values in a mobile device.
12. References
References
WORLDCOMP’16 CSUB 12/12
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