This document provides information about cardiac diseases and related surgical procedures. It begins with the purposes of learning about cardiac diseases, types of heart operations, postoperative complications, and management of cardiopulmonary dysfunction from surgery. It then discusses various congenital and acquired heart diseases categorized by the affected cardiac structure. Other sections cover coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, percutaneous and surgical treatments. Complications like congestive heart failure and arrhythmias are explained. The document concludes with descriptions of valvular diseases like mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, aortic stenosis and their treatments.
Dr Vivek Baliga discusses left atrial myxoma for medical students. Lecture includes a link to MCQs in the video. For access to video, please copy and paste this link --> https://youtu.be/JtkWxbVklgA
Dr Vivek Baliga discusses left atrial myxoma for medical students. Lecture includes a link to MCQs in the video. For access to video, please copy and paste this link --> https://youtu.be/JtkWxbVklgA
The heart contains 4 chambers: the right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle. The atria are smaller than the ventricles and have thinner, less muscular walls than the ventricles. The ventricles are connected to the arteries that carry blood away from the heart.
The heart contains 4 chambers: the right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle. The atria are smaller than the ventricles and have thinner, less muscular walls than the ventricles. The ventricles are connected to the arteries that carry blood away from the heart.
This is a recreation of a presentation that I created in the early 2000s for a nursing inservice about femoral vascular access site complications. Post cardiac catheterization and post interventional radiology patients were a new patient population for these nurses.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
2. PURPOSES
• To learn definitions, cause, clinical manifestations
for cardiac diseases related to surgery
• To review the types and procedures for operations
• To study the post-operative complications
• To analyze the management of cardiopulmonary
dysfunction secondary to acute surgical conditions
Padkao T 2
4. Heart Diseases: Other
Other Congenital Heart Disease
• Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) (A)
• Coartation of Aorta (D)
• Total Anomalous Pulmonary
Venous Return
• Transport of Great Vessels (B)
• Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF or “Tet”)
(C)
Other Acquired Heart Disease:
• Congestive Heart Failure (HF):
Right HF or Lt HF
• Orthostatic Hypotension
• Arrhythmias
Padkao T 4
5. • Coronary arteries become
narrowed or blocked, the area
of the muscle supplied by that
artery ischemic and injured,
and infarction may result.
• Pathogenesis
The exact mechanism by
which the development of
coronary artery disease (CAD)
can be explained has yet be
determined.
Padkao T 5
6. Sign and symptom
• Symptom of CAD may not appear until the lumen of
coronary artery narrow by 75%
• Angina pectoris
• Breathlessness
Padkao T 6
7. • MI, also know as a heart attack
or coronary, is the
development of ischemia with
resultant necrosis of
myocardial tissue
• Sign and symptom
Angina Pectoris
Breathlessness at middle of night
(women)
Fever
Padkao T 7
14. Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty (PTCA)
• This means that, through the skin (percutaneous), a
procedure is performed inside an artery (transluminal)
of the heart (coronary) that reshapes (angioplasty) the
narrowed or blocked arteries.
• PTCA is performed with local anesthesia while you are
awake. This procedure is quite like the diagnostic
procedure called coronary angiography.
Padkao T 14
15. Coronary angiography is
performed to detect
obstruction in the coronary
arteries of the heart. During
the procedure a catheter
(thin flexible tube) is
inserted into an artery in
your arm or groin and then
threaded carefully into the
heart. The blood vessels of
the heart are then studied
by injection of contrast
media through the catheter.
A rapid succession of X-
rays (fluoroscopy) is taken
to view blood flow
(Copyright 2007 The New York Times Company)
Padkao T 15
17. Stenting
• A stent is introduced into
blood vessel on a balloon
catheter and advanced
into the blocked area of
artery.
• The stent stays in place
permanently, holding the
vessel open and
improving the flow of
blood.
Padkao T 17
19. Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)
• Surgery may also be
indicated to improve long-
term survival by preserving
left ventricular function and
preventing MI
• There are three sources of
grafts that are used to bypass
stenosed coronary arteries:
the greater saphenous vein,
internal memory artery,
gastroepiploic artery
Padkao T 19
20. Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
Surgery(CABG) creates new
pathways around narrowed or
blocked coronary arteries so that
more blood and oxygen flows to
the heart muscle. This surgery
uses segments of veins or arteries
taken from another part of the
body to bypass coronary arteries
on the heart that are blocked or
narrowed. It diverts blood flow past
the blockage allowing more blood
and oxygen to flow to the heart.
(Medmovie.com, 2007)
Padkao T 20
23. (Healthwise, 2010)
CABG : Procedure Overview
2. The sternum is cut
1. A coronary artery is blocked (open heart surgery)
The surgeon makes a vertical incision in the
skin and muscle in the middle of the chest and
then cuts through the breastbone (sternum).
Padkao T 23
24. (Family Doctor Publications, 2009)
CABG : Procedure Overview
Heart – Lung or Cardiopulmonary
Bypass Machine
Padkao T 24
26. (Healthwise, 2010)
CABG : Procedure Overview
3. The heart is exposed 4. Blood flow is rerouted
Padkao T 26
27. (Healthwise, 2010)
CABG : Procedure Overview
5. Oxygen-rich blood flows to heart muscle
Regardless of which type of blood
vessel is used, oxygen-rich
blood from the aorta is
rerouted around the blocked
section of the coronary artery
to feed the heart muscle.
Padkao T 27
30. Minimal Invasive Cardiac Surgery (MICS):
CABG Surgery Update
Kenneth Herskowitz, M.D.
Padkao T 30
31. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
• CHF is a condition in which
the heart is unstable to pump
sufficient blood to supply the
body needs.
• CHF happens when the heart
weak pumping action causes
a buildup of fluid called
congestion in your lungs and
other body tissue.
Padkao T 31
32. Risk Factors for CHF include:
Previous heart attack
Coronary artery disease
High blood pressure (hypertension)
Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)
Heart valve disease (especially of the aorta and mitral
valves)
Cardiomyopathy (disease of the heart muscle)
Congenital heart defects (defects you are born with)
Alcohol and drug abuse
Padkao T 32
34. Signs and Symptoms
• If the LEFT side of your heart is not
working properly (left-side heart
failure), blood and fluid back up into
your lung. You will feel
- shortness of breath
- be very tried
- have a cough (especially at night)
- cough up pinkish, blood-tinged
sputum
Padkao T 34
36. Signs and Symptoms
• If the RIGHT side of your heart is
not working properly (right-side
heart failure), the slowed blood flow
causes a buildup of fluid in your
veins involved
- feet, legs and ankles swelling
- the lungs, liver and stomach
edema
- Fluid buildup is also hard on your
kidneys. It affects their ability to
dispose of salt (sodium) and water,
which can lead to kidney failure.
- Jugular vein distension
Padkao T 36
37. Orthostatic Hypertension
• In standing from a supine or sitting position, signifies a decrease of 20
mmHg or greater in systolic BP or drop of 10 mmHg or more of
both systolic and diastolic arterial BP with concomitant pulse
increase of 15 bpm or more on.
• Etiology
Volume depletion
Venous pooling
Side effects of medication
Prolong immobility
Starvation
Performing valsava’s maneuver
ANS dysregulation
Padkao T 37
38. Sign and Symptom
• Signs and symptom
Falls or mobility problem
Acute or chronic mental confusion
Cardiac symptom
Padkao T 38
39. Arrhythmia
• Arrhythmias are disorder of the regular rhythmic
beating of the heart
• Symptoms
Palpitations or rapid thumping
in your heart
Feeling tired or light-headed
Passing out
Shortness of breath
Chest pain
Padkao T 39
40. What are some of the types of arrhythmias?
• Atrial fibrillation
The heart beats too fast and irregularly. This type of
arrhythmia requires treatment and can increase your risk
of stroke.
Padkao T 40
41. What are some of the types of arrhythmias?
• Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
The heart has episodes when it beats fast, but regularly.
This type of arrhythmia may be unpleasant but is usually
not dangerous.
Atrial 160-250/min: may conduct to ventricles 1:1, or 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 into the
presence ofTa block.
Padkao 41
42. What are some of the types of arrhythmias?
• Ectopic beats
The heart has an extra beat. Treatment usually is not
needed unless you have several extra beats in a row
and/or other problems with your heart (such as heart
disease or congenital heart failure)
Padkao T 42
43. What are some of the types of arrhythmias?
• Ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation
The heart beats too fast and may not pump enough blood. These
types of arrhythmias are very dangerous and need immediate
treatment.
Padkao T 43
45. Mitral Valve Stenosis (MS)
• In mitral valve stenosis,
the mitral valve leaflets
are fused to getter by scar
tissue, gradually
narrowing the valve and
slowing the flow of blood
from the left atrium to the
left ventricle.
• Cause: Rheumatic heart
disease
• Signs and symptom: Atrial
fibullation, orthopnea
Padkao T 45
46. Treatment of MS
• MVS’s treatment are
percutaneous balloon mitral
valvolotomy (PBMV), closed
mitral commissurotomy and
mitral commissurotomy.
Padkao T 46
47. (De Dang Hanh, MD, A Thomas Pezzella, MD, 2000)
Closed Mitral Commissurotomy
Figure (A) The left atrium enlarges to the right, increasing visualization from the right thoracotomy approach. (B) The interatrial groove is dissected
approximately l-cm deep, down to the left atrial wall. The pursestring suture is placed in the nondissected area. This prevents tearing of the
dissected left atrial wall when the suture is tied down. (C) Sagittal view shows location of mitral valve in relation to the atriotomy. (D) Direction of
the index finger allows easy palpation of the valve. (E) Usually, the first assistant ties the pursestring suture as the operating surgeon removes the
index finger. (F) A second-layer closure acts as a buttress to reinforce the suture line and restore the interatrial groove.
Padkao T 47
48. Disadvantage of closed
mitral commissurotomy
1. Risk of embolic events
due to dislodging atrial
thrombi.
2. Incomplete relief of
mitral regurgitation due
to tearing of the leaflets
rather than opening of
the fused commissures.
Padkao T 48
50. Mitral Valve Regurgitation (MR)
• Mitral valve regurgitation or mitral
regurgitation (MR) is a condition in
which the mitral valve doesn't close
tightly, allowing blood to flow backward
in your heart.
• Cause: infective endocarditis, dilated
cardiomyopathy, rheumatic disease,
collagen vascular disease, rupture of
the chordae tendineae and cardiac
tumor
• Cardiac manifestation:
Lack of sign warm
Exertional dyspnea
Exercise-induced fatigue
Padkao T 50
51. Treatment of MR
• Surgical intervention
my be recommended
if the left ventricular
function is impaired.
• Mitral valve repair has
a lower operation
mortality and better
late outcome than
mitral replacement.
Padkao T 51
52. Mitral Valve Prolapse (MP)
• Defines as a slight variation in the shape or
structure of the mitral valve.
• Etiology: may be genetic component
• Clinical manifestation: profound fatigue, tremor,
swelling, sleep disturbance, irritable bowel syndrom
• Treatment: β-blocker to control arrhythmia,
prophylaxis, surgyry
Padkao T 52
53. Aortic Stenosis (AS)
• Defined as a
narrowing or
obstruction of the
hearts aortic valve,
which prevent from
opening properly and
blocks the flow of
blood from the left
ventricle to aorta
Padkao T 53
54. Symptoms
• Fainting or weakness with activity
• Breathlessness with activity
• Sensation of feeling the heart beat
(palpitation)
• Chest pain, angina-type
- under the sternum, may radiate
- crushing, squeezing, pressure,
tightness
- increased with exercise, relieved with
rest
• Treatment
- Medicine
- Surgery: Balloon valvuloplasty, Valve
replace ment
Padkao T 54
55. Balloon valvuloplasty
Percutaneous AVR
a) Balloon valvuloplasty; b)
Balloon catheter with valve in
the diseased valve; c) Balloon
inflation to secure the valve; d)
Valve in place
Padkao T 55
56. Aortic Valve
Replacement
Aortic valve replacement is an open-heart
surgery that removes a malfunctioning
aortic valve and puts a new one in place.
The replacement valve may be:
* Mechanical–Made entirely out of artificial
materials
* Bioprosthetic–Engineered out of a
combination of artificial materials and
tissues from a pig, cow, or other animal
* Homograft or Allograft–Harvested from
a donated human heart
* Ross Procedure (Self-donated)–In
selected patients less than 50 years of age,
another one of the patient’s own heart
valves, the pulmonic valve, may be
removed from its original location and sewn
in to take the place of the faulty aortic valve.
A homograft is then sewn in to take the
original place of the pulmonic valve.
Padkao T 56
57. Aortic Valve Regurgitation (AR)
• If the valve leaflet are damaged or fail
to close properly, blood leaks back
from the aorta into the left ventricle
between heartbeats.
• Symptoms
- Usually none until age 40-50 yrs old
- Shortness of breath on exertion
- Shortness of breath while resting
prone
- Chest pain
- Light headedness
Padkao T 57
58. Cause:
• Congenital bicuspid aortic valve (person is born with only two aortic
valve leaflets, instead of the normal three)
• Rheumatic heart disease (caused by untreated – strep throat in children)
• Hypertention
• Infective endocarditis
• Marfan’s syndrome
• Ankylosing spondylytis
• Reiter syndrom
• Aortic dissection
• Syphitis
Treatment:
• Medication
• Surgery
Padkao T 58
59. Endocarditis
• Defined as an infection that invades the innermost
lining of the heart, the endothelium
• Cause: Bacteremia
• Symptom: fever, fatigue, weight loss, new rashes,
(either painful or painless), headaches, backaches,
joint pains and confusion.
• A new heart murmur as well as new skin, fingernail
and retinal lesion are typical physical findings in
endocarditis.
• Treatment: medication and surgery
Padkao T 59
60. Rheumatic Fever and Heart Disease
• Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease. It can
affect many of bodies connective tissues –
especially those of heart joints, brain or skin.
• Cause: Streptococal bacteria
• Incidence: children 5-15 yrs old
• Symptom: Eritherma marginum, Carditis,
Polyarthitis
Padkao T 60
61. What are the chest physiotherapy used in
surgical patients?
• Preoperation
• Postoperation
Padkao T 61