The document provides an overview of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), including their history, functioning, types, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. BCIs enable communication between the brain and external devices, assisting individuals with disabilities to control technology through thought. While promising, challenges such as ethical issues and early-stage research hinder their widespread adoption.

1. BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE
Presented by:-
Akanksha Keshari
Dept. Of CSE
I.T.E.R

2. Talk flow:
 BCI
 History
 Functioning of BCI
 Working Architecture
 Types of BCI
 Applications
 Advantages
 Disadvantage
 Conclusion
 References

3. BCI:
•What is BCI?
•What is the major goal of BCI?
•What does BCI Research area include?
•Who is Jacques Vidal?

4. History:
•1924, Hans Berger, a German neurologist was the 1st
to record
human brain activity by means of Electrocephalography (EEG) .
•1970 - Research on BCIs began at the University of California, Los
Angeles(UCLA).
•1978 - A prototype was implanted into a man blinded into adulthood.
•Mid 1990 – animal experiment the 1st
neuroprosthetic device implanted
into humans.
•2005 – Matthew Magle was the 1st
person to use BCI to restore
functionality loss due to paralysis.

5. Functioning of BCI:
Fig :- 1

6. Working Architecture:-
Fig :- 2

7. Types of BCI
Invasive
BCI
Partially
Invasive BCI
Non-
Invasive
BCI
Non
EEG
based
EEG
based
Fig :- 3
Types of BCI:

8. Invasive BCI:
 Directly implanted into grey matter of the brain.
 Signals that are produced are prone to scar tissue
build up.
 Used to treat acquired blindness.
 1st scientist to produce a working BCI is William
Dobelle.
 The 1st
prototype was implanted in “Jerry”.

9. Partially Invasive BCI:
 Implanted inside the skull but rest outside the brain.
 Different from non-invasive BCIs.
 ECoG- a promising intermediate BCI
modality.
high spatial resolution.
Better signal to noise ratio.
Wider frequency range.

10. Non invasive BCI:
 EEG based requires some time & efforts prior to each
usage. But Non EEG based doesn't requires any time
and effort.

11. Application:
 Education and self regulation.
 Games and entertainment.
 Neuromarketing.

12. Games & Entertainment:
 In many non medical applications.
 Various games like helicopters are made to fly to any
point either a 2D or 3D virtual world.
 Combining the features of existing games with brain
controlled capacities tends to provide a multi brain
entertainment experience-Brain Arena.

13. Neuromarketing:
 Researchers have considered the impact of cognitive
function in neuro-marketing feilds.
 Estimating the memorization of TV ads thus
providing another method for advertising evaluation.

14. Advantages:
 Allow paralyzed people to control prosthetic limbs
with their mind.
 Transmit visual images to the mind of blind person,
allowing them to see.
 Transmit auditory data to the mind of deaf person,
allowing them to hear.
 Allow gamers to control video games with their minds.
 Allow amute person to have their thoughts displayed
and spoken by a computer.

15. Disadvantages of BCI:
 Research is still in beginning stages.
 Ethical issues may prevent its development.
 Electrodes outside the skull can detect very few
electric signals from the brain.
 Electrodes present inside the skull create scar tissue in
the brain.

16. Conclusion
 BCI are communication devices that translate signals
from the brain into electrical signals.
 It allows people to regain some form of control and
regain interaction with the environment.

17. References:
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain%E2%80%93computer_interface
 Brain computer interfacing: application and challenges Sarah N
Abdulkar, Ayman Atia, Mostafa-Sami M. Mostafa.
 Brain computer interface technology: A review of first international
meeting(IEEE Transaction on rehabilitation engineering ,Vol 8,No-
2,June 2000 )

18. Thank You