Bodiversity and its values keshav
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India has high biodiversity due to its varied climate and ecosystems. It contains 7-8% of the world's recorded plant and animal species on only 2.4% of the world's land area. Biodiversity provides both direct and indirect values. Direct values include consumptive uses like food, fuel, and medicine as well as productive uses that provide timber, cotton, dyes, and rubber. Indirect values are ecosystem services like carbon fixation, pollination, water regulation, and erosion control. Maintaining biodiversity is important for both environmental and economic reasons.
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value of biodiversity
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, including millions of species of plants, animals, and microorganisms. However, species are currently going extinct at an alarming rate of around 1,500 every two months. The total economic value of biodiversity includes both use values, such as products directly consumed by humans, and non-use values, including existence and bequest values. While direct use values are easier to measure, the full value of biodiversity, including important indirect ecological services, is difficult to quantify and often not reflected in economic measures.
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This document presents an overview of the value of biodiversity. It discusses several types of value: consumptive use value where local communities directly utilize species for needs like food and materials; productive use value where biotechnology and industry use genetic resources from biodiversity; social value where traditional societies preserved biodiversity as part of their livelihood and culture; ethical and moral values in protecting all life as most beliefs see all species as having a right to exist; aesthetic value in biodiversity's beauty and contribution to knowledge; and option value in keeping future possibilities open by preserving species and genetic diversity that may have future uses. The document emphasizes that biodiversity preservation is essential for environmental services, economic development, and humanity's long-term survival.
Biodiversity hotspot in india
Sikkim, India is a biodiversity hotspot located in the Eastern Himalayas, with 26% of India's total biodiversity despite being only 0.2% of the country's area. It contains a wide variety of flora and fauna ranging from tropical to alpine ecosystems, including over 4,000 plant species and representing 30% of Indian bird species. Rare animals found in Sikkim include the snow leopard, red panda, Himalayan black bear, blue sheep, and shapi. The red panda has been declared the state animal of Sikkim.
Hotspots of biodiversity
The document discusses biodiversity hotspots, which are regions with high levels of endemic species that have lost at least 70% of their original habitat. It identifies 34 biodiversity hotspots around the world that meet these criteria. The main threats to biodiversity include habitat destruction, climate change, habitat fragmentation, pollution, overexploitation, and disease. Conservation efforts aim to prioritize protecting threatened regions through establishing reserves and protected areas, providing incentives for conservation, using regulations and market-based tools, developing new conservation professionals and projects, and promoting ecotourism.
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Biodiversity hotspot
1) Biodiversity hotspots are regions with significant levels of biodiversity that are under threat from human activity. They support a large number of endemic species found nowhere else.
2) There are currently 34 global biodiversity hotspots that together support over 50% of the world's plant and animal species while occupying less than 2.5% of its land.
3) India has two biodiversity hotspots - the Western Ghats and Eastern Himalayas. They face high rates of deforestation and habitat loss threatening thousands of endemic species with extinction. Conserving these hotspots is important for protecting global biodiversity.
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Biodiversity hotspot in india
Sikkim, India is a biodiversity hotspot located in the Eastern Himalayas, with 26% of India's total biodiversity despite being only 0.2% of the country's area. It contains a wide variety of flora and fauna ranging from tropical to alpine ecosystems, including over 4,000 plant species and representing 30% of Indian bird species. Rare animals found in Sikkim include the snow leopard, red panda, Himalayan black bear, blue sheep, and shapi. The red panda has been declared the state animal of Sikkim.
Hotspots of biodiversity
The document discusses biodiversity hotspots, which are regions with high levels of endemic species that have lost at least 70% of their original habitat. It identifies 34 biodiversity hotspots around the world that meet these criteria. The main threats to biodiversity include habitat destruction, climate change, habitat fragmentation, pollution, overexploitation, and disease. Conservation efforts aim to prioritize protecting threatened regions through establishing reserves and protected areas, providing incentives for conservation, using regulations and market-based tools, developing new conservation professionals and projects, and promoting ecotourism.
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Biodiversity hotspot
1) Biodiversity hotspots are regions with significant levels of biodiversity that are under threat from human activity. They support a large number of endemic species found nowhere else.
2) There are currently 34 global biodiversity hotspots that together support over 50% of the world's plant and animal species while occupying less than 2.5% of its land.
3) India has two biodiversity hotspots - the Western Ghats and Eastern Himalayas. They face high rates of deforestation and habitat loss threatening thousands of endemic species with extinction. Conserving these hotspots is important for protecting global biodiversity.
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Wwf
- WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature) is an international non-governmental organization founded in 1961 that works on biodiversity conservation and reducing humanity's environmental footprint.
- It employs over 6,000 staff and supports over 5 million people, investing around $11.5 billion in more than 13,000 conservation projects in over 150 countries.
- WWF is governed by an International President and Director General and works with partners like the UN, IUCN, and various countries to achieve its mission of conserving biodiversity and promoting sustainable use of resources.
Seed health testing
This document discusses various methods for seed health testing to detect fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects, and nematodes. It describes several visual, biological, and molecular methods. Visual methods include examining seeds under magnification for signs of fungi or insect damage. Biological methods involve growing seeds in controlled conditions and observing for disease symptoms. Molecular methods discussed are PCR, ELISA, and lateral flow tests which allow detection of pathogens at a genetic level. The goal of seed health testing is to determine the sanitary quality and ensure seeds meet certification standards before commercial use.
New ppt of uv visible
UV-visible spectroscopy is a technique that uses light in the visible and adjacent ranges. It works by measuring how much light is absorbed by a sample at each wavelength.
The document discusses the basic principles of spectroscopy including the laws of absorption. It describes the instrumentation used in UV-visible spectroscopy including light sources, wavelength selectors, sample holders and detection devices.
The document also covers electronic transitions that can occur, different types of spectrometers, and applications of UV-visible spectroscopy in chemistry, physics and other fields.
uv -visible spectroscopy
UV-visible spectroscopy is a technique that uses light in the visible and adjacent ranges. It works by measuring how much light is absorbed by a sample at each wavelength.
The document discusses the basic principles of spectroscopy, including how electromagnetic radiation interacts with matter. It describes the laws of absorption, specifically Beer's law, which states that absorbance is proportional to concentration.
The key aspects of instrumentation are outlined, including light sources, wavelength selectors like monochromators, sample holders, and detection devices. Single beam and double beam spectrophotometers are explained as the main types of instruments used in UV-visible spectroscopy.
Ir spectroscopy nd its applications copy
Infrared spectroscopy is a technique that analyzes infrared light interacting with molecules. It can be used to identify unknown substances by comparing their infrared spectra to a reference database. The technique works because molecules absorb different wavelengths of infrared light depending on their chemical bonds and structure. Common applications of infrared spectroscopy include identification of materials, detection of impurities, and studying the progress of chemical reactions.
Regulation of lac operon positive nd negative
The document summarizes the regulation of the lac operon in E. coli. It describes how the lac operon can be regulated both positively and negatively in response to the presence of lactose or glucose. In negative regulation, the lac repressor binds to the operator site in the absence of lactose, preventing transcription. In the presence of lactose, it binds to allolactose and dissociates from DNA, allowing transcription. Positive regulation involves cAMP and the catabolite activator protein activating transcription in the absence of glucose.
Endosperm
This document appears to be a student's report on various plant species and their endosperm types. It lists several plant species, including Acalypha indica, Musa errens, Crotalaria, Grevillea robusta, and Lomantia polymorpha. It also mentions different types of endosperm structures like composite endosperm, cereal endosperm, and ruminate endosperm. The document concludes with references cited for further information on the embryology of angiosperms.
Elite crop (golden rice)
Golden Rice is a genetically engineered rice variety that produces beta-carotene, which the body converts to vitamin A. It was developed to help address vitamin A deficiency in developing countries. The Golden Rice Project inserted genes for phytoene synthase and lycopene cyclase enzymes into rice, allowing it to synthesize beta-carotene in the edible endosperm. Golden Rice 2 produces 23 times more carotenoids than the original. Potential advantages include providing a sustainable source of vitamin A, but there are also concerns about allergies, expression levels, and impacts on biodiversity and culture. Further research and development is still needed before Golden Rice can be effectively deployed.
Anther wall development
The document discusses the development of anther walls. An anther starts as a mass of cells and develops into a four-lobed structure, with some cells in each lobe becoming the archesporium. The archesporial cells divide to form primary parietal and sporogenous cells. The parietal cells divide further to form 2-5 concentric layers of the anther wall. Davis identified four types of anther walls based on the behavior of secondary parietal layers - basic, dicotylendonous, monocotylendonous, and reduced. The basic and reduced types differ in that the basic type has middle layers while the reduced type lacks middle layers.
Anatomy of petiole
This document discusses the anatomy of petioles and provides examples from various plant species. It was written by Keshav Narayan Pai, an MSc student of Botany at Manasagangotri in Mysore. The document lists plant species such as Apium, tomato, Glechoma hederaea, and Origanum vulgare that are used to demonstrate petiole anatomy. It also references two sources that provide further information on plant anatomy.
Tikka disease of groundnut
It explains in detail about the tikka disease of groundnut. Causal agent, mesures to control it is also mentioned.
Medicinal planr diversity of india
This document discusses medicinal plants found in India. It begins with an introduction about India's biodiversity and reasons for its rich variety of plants. It then profiles Indian medicinal plants and describes diverse habitats where they are found, including the Himalayas, deserts, Deccan Plateau, Western Ghats and coastal regions. Examples of specific medicinal plants are provided for each region along with the plant family and parts used and their medicinal uses. The conclusion recognizes India's wealth of medicinal plants that have been used in traditional medicine systems for ancient times.
General characteristics of virus
Viruses are the smallest infectious agents that can only replicate inside living host cells. They are metabolically inert and made up of either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. Some viruses have an outer envelope as well. Viruses come in different shapes, sizes and structures depending on the symmetry of their capsids. They infect plants, animals and bacteria. Viruses replicate through lytic and lysogenic cycles where they take over the host cell machinery to produce new virus particles. While they exhibit some living properties like mutation and existing in different strains, viruses still lack many cellular functions and rely entirely on host cells for reproduction.
General characteristics of algae
This document provides an overview of algae. It describes that algae are thallophytes that contain chlorophyll as their primary photosynthetic pigment and lack a sterile cell covering around their reproductive cells. It classifies algae based on their habitat as aquatic, terrestrial, aerophytic, cryophytic, thermophytic, or of unusual habit. The document further discusses the structure of algal cells, types of algal thallus organization (unicellular, colonial, filamentous, dendroid), pigments, nutrition, reproduction (vegetative and sexual), examples of beneficial and harmful aspects, and references key characteristics of algae.
Fungi association with vertebrates
Fungi can associate with vertebrates in three ways: weakly and fortuitously, commensally, or pathogenically. Weak associations include fungi like Aspergillus that live in the lungs without harming humans. Commensal fungi like Candida live in places like the skin and gut. Pathogenic fungi can infect the skin, eyes, lungs and other tissues, causing diseases like blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, and cryptococcal meningitis. While associations may sometimes benefit fungi, they usually cause problems for infected vertebrates.
Contribution of indian phycologists in the development of phycology.
Phycologists are those who study about algae....and in my presentation i have mentioned about some great phycologists of india.
Application of fungi in genetics
This document discusses several fungi that are used as model organisms in genetic research, including Neurospora crassa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Dictyostelium, Agaricus bisporus, and Curvularia lunata. Neurospora crassa has been extensively researched for over 75 years, with around 1000 loci mapped. Experiments on Neurospora led to the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the first organism where the spheroplast transformation method was demonstrated. Dictyostelium and Agaricus bisporus have also provided insights into fungal evolution and pathogen resistance. The pathogen Curvularia lunata caused a 40% decrease in
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Contribution of indian phycologists in the development of phycology.
Contribution of indian phycologists in the development of phycology.
Recently uploaded
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
•theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
•theirexcretawhichmakefoodunfitforhumanconsumption
About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
CLASS 12th CHEMISTRY SOLID STATE ppt (Animated)
Description:
Dive into the fascinating realm of solid-state physics with our meticulously crafted online PowerPoint presentation. This immersive educational resource offers a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental concepts, theories, and applications within the realm of solid-state physics.
From crystalline structures to semiconductor devices, this presentation delves into the intricate principles governing the behavior of solids, providing clear explanations and illustrative examples to enhance understanding. Whether you're a student delving into the subject for the first time or a seasoned researcher seeking to deepen your knowledge, our presentation offers valuable insights and in-depth analyses to cater to various levels of expertise.
Key topics covered include:
Crystal Structures: Unravel the mysteries of crystalline arrangements and their significance in determining material properties.
Band Theory: Explore the electronic band structure of solids and understand how it influences their conductive properties.
Semiconductor Physics: Delve into the behavior of semiconductors, including doping, carrier transport, and device applications.
Magnetic Properties: Investigate the magnetic behavior of solids, including ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism.
Optical Properties: Examine the interaction of light with solids, including absorption, reflection, and transmission phenomena.
With visually engaging slides, informative content, and interactive elements, our online PowerPoint presentation serves as a valuable resource for students, educators, and enthusiasts alike, facilitating a deeper understanding of the captivating world of solid-state physics. Explore the intricacies of solid-state materials and unlock the secrets behind their remarkable properties with our comprehensive presentation.
fermented food science of sauerkraut.pptx
This ppt contains the production of a fermented food name - sauerkraut
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
�
) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Presentation given at the official farewell of Prof Ken Gillet at Wageningen on 13 June 2024
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
By harnessing the power of High Flux Vacuum Membrane Distillation, Travis Hills from MN envisions a future where clean and safe drinking water is accessible to all, regardless of geographical location or economic status.
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
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1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
Recently uploaded (20)
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Tissue fluids_etiology_volume regulation_pressure.pptx
Tissue fluids_etiology_volume regulation_pressure.pptx
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Bodiversity and its values keshav
- 1. And its Values Keshav Narayan Pai MSc II DOS in Botany Manasagangotri Mysore
- 2. • Introduction • Biodiversity of India • Levels of biodiversity • Distribution of biodiversity • Values of biodiversity • Conclusion • References • Multiple choice questions. CONTENTS
- 3. Introduction • Bios-life, diversitas-variety or difference- variety of life. • Biological diversity refers to the variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur. • Biodiversity can be defined as species richness (plants, animals and micro- organisms) occuring as a interacting system in a given habitat.
- 4. Raymond F. Dasmann • The term biological diversity was used first by wildlife scientist and conservationist Raymond F. Dasmann • The term's contracted form biodiversity may have been coined by W.G. Rosen in 1985-Father of biodiversity.
- 5. • We are still profoundly ignorant of the number of species that live on our planet. • Roughly 1.75 million species have been formally described by science. • Estimated range - from 3 million to 100 million. Measuringbiodiversity
- 6. • Number of species on Earth-Still unsure – Some areas remain little explored (hydrothermal vents, rainforest canopies, tropical soils). – Many species are tiny and inconspicuous (microbes, roundworms, protists, fungi…). – Some species are very similar in appearance (many taxa, even trees, birds, whales). Measuring biodiversity
- 7. • India is known for its rich heritage of bio-diversity. • It is one of the 17 mega-diverse countries in the world. • With only 2.4% of the world’s area, India accounts 7- 8%of the Worlds recorded plants and animal species. • India’s ten biogeographic zones posses an exemplary diversity of ecological habitats like alpine forests, grass lands, wetlands, coastal and marine ecosystems and desert ecosystems. • India has 2 out of 34 global biodiversity hotspots, which is an indicator of high degree of endemism(of species) in India. Biodiversity of India
- 8. • About 5,150 plant species and 1,837 animal species are endemic to India. • India’s biodiversity includes wild relatives of agricultural crops and domesticated animals. • India has 16 major types and 251 subtypes of forests. • Indigenous medicine system utilizes nearly 6,500 native plants for both human and animal healthcare.
- 9. • Biodiversity performs a number of ecological services for humankind that have economic, aesthetic or recreational value. • The values of biodiversity can be classified in two broad categories, Direct use values Indirect use valves
- 10. Direct use Values • Direct use values Benefits are derived from nature and involve direct human interaction with natural elements. • Direct use value of biodiversity can be categorized as… Consumptive use value. Productive use value.
- 11. Consumption of Biodiversity products are called Consumptive use Food Fuel Medicines
- 12. FOOD
- 13. Fuel • Fire wood is a fuel • Coal and petroleum are the fossil fuels. • Gobar gas are obtained from cow dung.
- 14. Medicines
- 15. Another important category of medicinal uses is the Folk medicine. Our tribal and rural peoples have immense idea regarding use of large number of plants as source of remedy for large number of diseases. Their knowledge regarding this is called as “Ethnobotany”
- 16. Productive Use Value • Marketable items of biodiversity form the productive use value. • These products have become essential commodity of people.
- 17. Timber Cultivation of trees for the timber - silviculture
- 18. Cotton
- 19. Dyes
- 20. Perfumes
- 21. Rubber
- 22. Benefits to mankind • Industrial materials: – Paper – Fibers – Resins, gums – Perfumes – Adhesives – Dyes – Oils, waxes, rubber – Agricultural chemicals • Recreational harvesting: – Hunting – Fishing – Pets – Ornamental plants
- 23. • Indirectusevalue=services providedby biodiversity thatare notnormally given amarket value(oftenregardedasfree) • These are ennumeratedasfollows: • carbon fixation through photosynthesis. • Pollination,geneflow,etc. • Maintainingwatercycles, recharginggroundwater, protecting watersheds and bufferingfromextreme conditions such as protection from erosion. Indirect value
- 24. Social value • Social value of biodiversity refers to religious and cultural importance. • Trees are worshiped as God Eg: Banyan tree, peepal tree. • Flowers, Tulsi leaves are offered during poojas.
- 25. Aesthetic Valve • The use of plants and animals is beautifying the surrounding is said to be their Aesthetic Value. • Ornamental plants • Zoos and Museum • Parks • Beautiful birds in cabinet.
- 26. Conclusion
- 27. Hornbills
- 28. Reference • S.V.S Rana,Essentials of ecology and environmental science,fourth edition.2010.PHI learning private limited,New Delhi. Pp-202-222. • Kormondy.E.J, Concepts of Ecology, Fourth edition.2009. PHI Learning private limited, New Delhi. Pp-248 - 271. • www.nwf.org/Wildlife/WildlifeConservation/Biodiversity.aspx
- 29. MCQ 1.The term biodiversity was first coined by a. W.G. Rosen in 1985 b. Raymond F. Dasmann in 1988 c. Robert E. Jenkins in 1987 d. Bosselman in 1975 a. W.G. Rosen in 1985
- 30. 2.Number of Mega-diverse countries present in the world are a. 7 b. 17 c. 27 d. 37 Answer – b.17
- 31. • 3. No. of hotspots present in India are a. 6 b. 2 c. 5 d. 8 Ans:b. 2