The document discusses various strategies for biodiversity conservation, including maintaining intact landscapes, controlling threats like habitat destruction and overexploitation, and approaches such as establishing protected areas like national parks and biosphere reserves. It also covers ex situ conservation methods like cryopreservation, seed banks, botanical gardens, and cloning endangered species. The primary goals are to reverse species declines, recover threatened species, and control emerging threats to biodiversity.

1. Strategies for biodiversity
conservation
By
s.Srividhya

2. European
Environment Agencies
The variety of
plant and
animal life in
the world or in
a particular
habitat.

3. Why conserve biodiversity?
Indicators of healthy ecosystem
Edutainment
We share and affect their locality
All organisms play an important role
Boosts ecosystem’s productivity
Healthy ecosystems can better withstand and recover from a
variety of disasters

4. Primary strategy
Maintain intact (viable) landscapes.
Reverse declines.
Recover threatened species and ecological communities.
Control emerging threats.

5. Threat to biodiversity
 Habitat destruction
 Habitat fragmentation
 Pollution
 Over exploitation
 Introduction of exotic species
 Diseases
 Poaching of wild life - make the species distinct

6. GMO
 Virus, bacteria and fungi tolerance
 Hybrid (golden rice)
 Drought and flood tolerance
 Disease resistance
 Climate change adaptation and production
 Herbicides, pesticides, insects and fertilizers resistance
 High yield and fast growth
 Delayed softening in fruits – prolonging storage life.

8. Cloning
 Management of endangered species.
 Mutant organism production will lead to evolution.
 Retrieval of old species.
 Many clones can be produced in short duration.
 Offspring is superior than the parent.
 Undo the harms that humans had done earlier.
 Restore ecosystem and preserve biodiversity.

10. National parks
 Protected environment to bio species.
 Earliest national parks are: The Yellowstone National Park in
USA and the Royal National Park near Sydney, Australia.
 WCMC has recognized 37,000 protected areas around the
world.
 515 wildlife/animal sanctuaries in India (including
biosphere reserves and forests),
48 are governed by Project Tiger.
 Forest preservation is required to preserve
species in their habitat.

11. Biosphere Reserve Programme
 Protection of land or coastal regions,
ecosystems and the genetic resources.
 Concept was launched in 1975
(UNESCO).
 May 2002 - 408 biosphere reserves
dispersed in 94 countries.
 Functions : conservation, eco
development, research.

13. Cryopreservation
In vitro conservation is done in liquid
nitrogen at a temperature of -196°C.
Vegetative propagated crops, e.g.,
potato.
Either by very rapid cooling (seeds) or by
gradual cooling and simultaneous
dehydration (tissue culture).
Stored for long time.

14. Seed gene banks: easiest way to store germplasm of
wild and cultivated plants at low temperature.
Field gene banks: preservation of genetic resources is
being done under normal growing conditions.

15. Botanical Gardens
 They benefit pollinators like
butterflies, honeybees and birds.
 Linking plants with the well being of people and also
helping conserve indigenous and local knowledge.
 33 government Botanical Gardens (Universities have
their own botanic gardens).
 1500 botanic gardens world wide preserving more
than 80,000 species.
 Herbarium-plant specimens for research studies.

16. General measures
 Important and endangered species should be identified.
 Preservation of unique eco systems.
 Avoiding of poaching and hunting.
 Reducing pollutions.
 Public awareness and education.
 NGO.
 Prevention of over exploitation of natural resources.
 Environmental laws should be strictly followed.

17. Steps that an individual can take
 Sugar for ants
 Inform corporation about street dogs
 Kitchen garden
 Terrace garden
 Back yard
 Avoid pesticides
 Honey comb
 Fish tanks
 Water for birds

18. Thank you