PDF presentation on Biodiversity

1. BIO-DIVERSITY
“Man does not
Support any species,
Species support Man’s Life”
............

2. 5 What’s ?of Biodiversity
• What is Biodiversity?
• What are the components of Biodiversity?
• What is the importance of Biodiversity?
• What are the threats to Biodiversity?
• What are the measures to conserve
Biodiversity?

3. CONCEPT OF
BIODIVERSITY
“Biodiversity” or
“Biological diversity”
means the variability
among other things
terrestrial, marine and
other aquatic
ecosystems and the
ecological complexes of
which they are a part;
this includes diversity
within species, between
species and of
ecosystems.

4. Approaches……………
Functional Compositional

5. Functional approach:
This refers to biodiversity
which is primarily concerned with
ecosystem and evolutionary process.
Compositional approach:
This refers organisms as
aggregated into population, species,
higher taxa, communities and other
categories.

6. BIODIVERSITY IN INDIA
India is one of the mega biodiversity centers in the
world and has two of the world's 18 ‘biodiversity
hotspots’ located in the Western Ghats and in
the Eastern Himalaya .
Two regions which are rich in biodiversity are
1.The Thar
2.The Himalayan range
NATIONAL PARKS : 89
WILD LIFE SANCTUARIES : 104

7. COMPONENTS OF BIODIVERSITY
There are 3 levels /components of
biodiversity:
I. Genetic diversity
II. Species diversity
III. Ecological diversity

8. GENETIC
DIVERSITY
• It is variation between
individual of the same
species.
• This includes genetic
variation between
individuals in a single
population as well as
variation between
different population of
the same species.

9. SPECIES
DIVERSITY
 It is the variety of
species in a given
region or area.
 It describes the
number of different
kind of organisms
within individual
communities or
ecosystems

10. Centipedes and
millipedes
16,000 species
Mollusks: 180,000 species
SPECIES
DIVERSITY
Fungi:
1-2 million
species
Nematodes, Bacteria, Protists!

11. ECOLOGICAL
DIVERSITY
• It means the richness
and complexity of a
biological community.
• It depends upon the
availability of biotic
resources
,environmental
conditions(geology, soil
and climate) and other
relevant factors.

12. Values of Biodiversity
• Every organisms has a
valuable contribution to the
ecosystem. But it is often too
late that we recognize their
irreplaceable roles in the
ecosystem.
• Even seemingly obscure and
insignificant organisms to this
date maybe the source of
genes or drugs that someday
may be indispensible

13. Some of the benefits and
values of biodiversity are as
follows:-
1. Primary need such as food, shelter etc
are satisfied by biodiversity.
2. Stabilizes ecosystem.
3. Medicinal values.
4. Aesthetic values and cultural benefits.

14. 1. Biodiversity satisfies our primary
needs.
• All our edible items are derived from the
existing biodiversity. Richer the
biodiversity greater is the diversity in
nutritional value
• It provides suitable habitat & shelter to
many organisms including us.
• We get fabrics for clothing from various
species of plants and animals .

15. 2. Biodiversity Stabilizes
Ecosystem.
• Their exists a complex interrelationship between
organisms to which human life is inextricably
linked to ecological service provided by the
organisms.
• Maintaining biodiversity is essential to preserve
ecological services such as soil formation, waste
disposal , air & water purification , nutrient cycle
solar energy absorption & food production.

16. 3. Medicinal Values
• We derive various useful medicinal
products from both flora and fauna.
• Even an insignificant species is a
potential source of valuable
medicinal product.
• Even a very important medicinal
plants known to some are a waste
to others or is not cultivated all
around.

17. 4. Aesthetic and cultural values.
• Fishing, hiking, hunting, wildlife watching & other
nature based activities provides an unparalleled
animating physical exercise and is psychologically
and emotionally restorative.
• Observing and protecting nature has religious has
moral significance. In many culture nature carries
spiritual connotations .
• For many people wild life goes beyond the
opportunity to photograph or shoot a particular
species .

18. •Some studies show that about one eighth of
known plant species are threatened with extinction.
•The factors that threaten biodiversity have been
variously categorized.
•Edward O. Wilson prefers the acronym HIPPO,
standing for
• Habitat destruction,
• Invasive species,
• Pollution
• Population
• Overharvesting
WHAT THREATENS
BIODIVERSITY

19. Source ; www.climate-change.us.gov

20. Habitat
Destruction
• Human activities have sharply
increased extinction .
• Most obvious example of habitat
destruction is clear cutting of forest &
conversion of grassland to
crop field.
• Raised rates of extinction are being
driven by human consumption of
organic resources, especially related
to tropical forest destruction.

21. Pollution
• Animals are vulnerable to
infections caused by
DDT, PCB’s and dioxins.
• Lead poisoning is another
cause of mortality for many
species of wildlife.
• Estimates show that 2 to 3
million waterfowl die each year
due to lead poisoning.

22. Human Population growth
•Human population growth
demands more space and more
resources.
•These demands impact wild
species .
•Hence human population
growth adversely affects the
biodiversity.

23. MEASURES FOR
CONSERVATION OF
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
 Biodiversity Inventories
 Restoration of Biodiversity
 Strengthening and Enforcing Environmental Laws
 Awareness Programmes on root level
 Population Control
 Controlling Urbanization

24. Biodiversity
Inventories
 Adequate Research effort to improve distribution,
methodologies and status information.
 Survey to map out the distribution of earth’s
ecosystem
 Determine the role of species in the ecosystem
 Management direction for genetic resources

25. Restoration Of
Biodiversity
Rapid Reforestation to ensure greenery,
control erosion.
Restoration of hydrological connection to
wetlands
“Ex-situ” conservation : Wildlife conservation
in captivity under human care ex-gardens,
zoos, Sanctuaries etc
“In-situ ” conservation : Setting aside large
portion of earth’s surface for natural
habitation or wildlife. Ex- national Park.
Establishment of Seed Banks and Gene
Banks
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26. Awareness
Programmes And
Environmental
Education
 Awareness programme to be conducted
on every levels with the help of local
mythologies, stories, heroes etc.
 Educating practically rather than
theoretically, regarding eco-friendly
practices
 Motivate Non- governmental agencies
working for environment by supporting
morally and financially

27. Strengthening of Laws
and
Other Ways
Implementation of Laws Should be
ensured by enforcing punishment.
Hunting and fishing should be reformed.
International Environmental Laws will
Give better results.
#Controlling Urbanization
#Reviewing agricultural practices

28. Bibliography
• Wikipedia
• Microsoft Encarta
• Cnx.org
• Principles of Environmental Science,
Cunningham
• www.environment-agency.gov.usa
• www.vigyanprasar.gov.in
• www.bhoomi.gov.in

29. Designed by:
1. Mamta Pradhan (448/08)
2. Anshu Agarwal (449/08)
3. Nirjhar Kumar (451/08)
4. Anurag (452/08)
5. V.N. Raghav (453/08)
6. Nicky Kumari (454/08)
7. Manoj Kumar (455/08)
8. Shivendra (456/08)
9. Anurag Singh (457/08)

31. Thanks