This document defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth and the interdependence of all living things. It notes that scientists have identified over 1.4 million species but many more remain unknown. Biodiversity has three main components: genetic diversity within species, diversity of the number of species, and variety of ecosystems. The document discusses the intrinsic and utilitarian value of biodiversity, as well as threats such as habitat destruction, invasive species, climate change and overexploitation. It emphasizes the importance of conserving biodiversity through both in situ and ex situ methods such as national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, botanical gardens and gene banks.

1. Presented by,
Priyanka.S
Department of NS..

2. A B
Which do you like better?

3. Bio =
Biodiversity
What does “Bio” mean?

4. Biodiversity
Diversity = Variety
What does “Diversity” mean?

5. Biodiversity is the variety of life on
Earth and the essential
interdependence of all living things
• Scientists have identified more than 1.4 million species. Tens of
millions -- remain unknown
•The tremendous variety of life on Earth is made possible by complex
interactions among all living things including micro-oganisms.

6. There are 3 components of biodiversity
1. Diversity of genes
Chihuahuas, beagles, and rottweilers are all the same
species —but they're not the same because there is
variety in their genes.
Chihuahua Beagle
Rottweilers

7. 2. Diversity of number of species
For example, monkeys, dragonflies, and
meadow beauties are all different species.
Saki Monkey Golden Skimmer Meadow Beauty
There are 3 components of
biodiversity

8. 3. Variety of ecosystems
Lakes, Ponds, and Rivers are all Freshwater Ecosystems.
Rocky coast, Sand Dune, Estuary, Salt Marsh , Coral Reef
are all Marine Ecosystems.
ECOSYSTEM DEFINITION
“ A self-contained community of microorganisms, animals
and plants, that interact with each other and with their
physical environment.”
There are 3 components of biodiversity

9. Biodiversity has Intrinsic Value
Intrinsic Value = Something that has value
in and of itself

10. Biodiversity also has Utilitarian Value
Utilitarian Value = the value something has as a
means to another’s end.
Utilitarian values include:
• Goods eg sustainable timber
• Services eg eco-tourism
• Information eg National Park Wardens

11. VALUE OF BIODIVERSITY
DIRECT USE VALUE
CONSUMPTIVE USE VALUE PRODUCTIVE USE VALUE
INDIRECT USE VALUE
ETHICAL
AESTHETIC
SOCIAL,CULTURAL,RELIGIOU
S
ECOSYSTEMTIMBER
FISHERY
OTHER
FOOD
FUEL
MEDICINAL
OTHER GOODS

12. Should we be concerned about
biodiversity?
What we know:
The Earth is losing species at an alarming rate
• Some scientists estimate that as many as 3 species per
hour are going extinct and 20,000 extinctions occur each
year.
• when species of plants and animals go extinct, many
other species are affected.

13. Threats to biodiversity
• Habitat Destruction
• Invasive Species
• Over exploitation
• Climate Change
• Overpopulation
• Pollution

14. Why Do We Need Biodiversity?
– Ecosystem services - $16-$64 trillion
– Research - e.g. discovery of new medicine
– Aesthetic value
– Food Security
– For the next generation

15. CONSERVATION
 On Site
 Maintenance within
natural Ecosystem
 Off Site
 Maintenance outside their
Ecosystem/Natural habitat

16. TYPE OF CONSERVATION
INSITU CONSERVATION
Wildlife Sanctuaries
National Parks
Biosphere Reserves
Sacred Groves etc
EXSITU CONSERVATION
Botanical Gardens
Zoological Gardens
Gene Banks etc

17. National Parks

18. Wildlife Sanctuaries

19. Sacred Groves

20. Zoological Gardens

21. Botanical Gardens

23. Questions?