The document discusses the states of matter, specifically focusing on solids, their characteristics and classifications. It explains that solids have fixed mass, volume, shape, and density, resulting from strong intermolecular forces, and details the differences between crystalline and amorphous solids. Key points include the arrangement of particles in solids, their incompressibility, and the properties of crystalline solids such as long-range order.

1. SOLID STATE
SOLID STATE

2. SOLID STATE

3. SOLID STATE
 Anything that
Matter
What is matter ?
occupies some space and
possesses some mass

4. SOLID STATE
Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
States of matter that
we come across are…

5. SOLID STATE
SOLIDS LIQUIDS GASES
+D
–D –D
+D
Matter
Are all the three states
interconvertible ?
+ D = means heating
 D = means cooling
yes
SOLIDS

6. SOLID STATE
 DIPOLE – DIPOLE INTERACTION,
 DIPOLE–INDUCED DIPOLE INTERACTION,
 LONDON FORCES,
 HYDROGEN BONDING etc.
Matter
SOLIDS LIQUIDS GASES
+D +D
–D –D
 This physical state of matter is the result of interplay of
INTERMOLECULAR
 FORCES OFATTRACTION like

7. SOLID STATE
1. Matter is anything that occupies _______and possess _______.
a) Some mass, some space
b) Some space, some mass
c) Some mass, some mass
d) Some space, some space

8. SOLID STATE
2. The general perceivable states of matter that we come across in our
daily life are…
a) 3
b) 5
c) 7
d) 8

9. SOLID STATE
3. Physical state of matter is a result of interplay of…
a) Intermolecular forces
b) Intramolecular forces
c) Mutual forces
d) Both a & b

10. SOLID STATE
4. Intermolecular forces are…
a) Dipole - dipole
b) Dipole induced dipole
c) London forces
d) All of these

11. SOLID STATE

12. SOLID STATE

13. SOLID STATE
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLIDS
1. Solids have
Fixed Composition
MASS,
VOLUME,
Definite SHAPE
and Density

14. SOLID STATE
More Closely
packed
Less closely packed Very loose packing
or
Least close packing
2) Packing
3) Density =
Mass
Volume
High Moderate Least
SOLIDS LIQUIDS GASES

15. SOLID STATE
Microscopic view of a solid

16. SOLID STATE
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLIDS
1. Solids of fixed composition have fixed MASS, VOLUME, SHAPE and
DENSITY. Order of density :Solids > Liquids > Gases
Exception : densityICE < densityWATER
2. In solids - Intermolecular distance is shortest
CAN IT BE
COMPRESSED?
Hence solids are incompressible
NO

17. SOLID STATE
CHARACTERISTIC OF SOLIDS
 Solids with weak IMF - low M.P.
 Solids with strong IMF - high M.P.
3. Solids have the strongest intermolecular force of attraction

18. SOLID STATE
FIXED
VIBRATORY
motion of solid state particles of
matter

19. SOLID STATE
1. Solids with fixed composition have fixed…
a) mass
b) volume
c) shape
d) All of these

20. SOLID STATE
2. Solid particles have… intermolecular force of attraction…
a) weak
b) strong
c) moderate
d) zero

21. SOLID STATE
3. Solids have…motion
a) linear
b) rotational
c) translational
d) vibratory

22. SOLID STATE
4. Select the false statement…
a) Solids are incompressible
b) Solids have small intermolecular distance
c) Solid particles have random position
d) Solids have high density

23. SOLID STATE

24. SOLID STATE
CLASSIFICATION OF SOLIDS
SOLIDS
Crystalline Amorphous

25. SOLID STATE
CRYSTALLINE SOLID
CHARACTERISTICS OF CRYSTALLINE SOLID
Common Salt – An Example of Crystalline
solid
What is the formula of
Common salt?
Common Salt i.e.
Sodium chloride has
the formula NaCl
How Na+ and Cl- ion
are arranged in the
crystal lattice?
Regular / homogenous
/ uniform
Three Dimensional Figure

26. SOLID STATE
Regular / homogenous
/ uniform
Such homogeneous / uniform
arrangement is observed in Crystalline
solid.
CRYSTALLINE SOLID
CHARACTERISTICS OF CRYSTALLINE SOLID

27. SOLID STATE
Three Dimensional Figure
These 3D image structure can be
represented as
Thus the general structure can be
represented as
1. Crystalline Solids are homogeneous solids.
CRYSTALLINE SOLID
CHARACTERISTICS OF CRYSTALLINE SOLID
A
B
B
B
A
A
A
B
B
B
A
A
A
B
B
B
A
A
A B A B A B

28. SOLID STATE
A
B
B
B
A
A
A
B
B
B
A
A
A
B
B
B
A
A
A B A B A B
What is an order ?
2. It exhibits long range order.
Order implies some sort of repetition
in the structure
Some what like PERIODICITY
1. Crystalline Solids are homogeneous solids.
So, why long range ?
Long range simply implies continuity
CRYSTALLINE SOLID
CHARACTERISTICS OF CRYSTALLINE SOLID

29. SOLID STATE
How are these
solids built?
2. It exhibits long range order.
1. Crystalline Solids are homogeneous solids.
3. DEFINITION : The constituent particles are arranged in definite
repeating pattern.
4. They are aggregates of small tiny crystals called unit cell.
UNIT CELL
CRYSTALLINE SOLID
CHARACTERISTICS OF CRYSTALLINE SOLID

30. SOLID STATE
1. Crystalline solids are… and have -------------------order
a) Homogeneous, long range
b) Homogeneous, short range
c) Heterogeneous, long range
d) Heterogeneous, short range

31. SOLID STATE
2. NaCl is an example of ________ solid.
a) Amorphous
b) Crystalline
c) Both
d) None

32. SOLID STATE
3. Order implies…
a) Repetivity
b) Periodicity
c) Unity
d) Both a & b

33. SOLID STATE
4. The basic unit of crystalline solid is…
a) Unit cell
b) Small tiny crystal
c) Both a & b
d) None of these

34. SOLID STATE
Thank you…