Biometric technology uses unique human characteristics to identify or verify individuals. Common biometrics include fingerprints, iris patterns, voice recognition and hand geometry. The history of biometrics began in the 1850s with fingerprint identification. A biometric system works by capturing a sample, extracting features, creating a template and matching it to existing templates. Benefits are that biometrics cannot be lost or stolen, while disadvantages include privacy issues and reliability depending on environmental factors. Current applications include border control, driver's licenses, banking and access control. Biometrics is expected to grow in use for security and transactions.

1. BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY

2. Objectives
1) What is a Biometric ?
2) Various Types of Biometric
3) History of Biometric
4) Working & Authentication process
5) Advantages and Disadvantages
6) Applications
7) Conclusion

3. What is a Biometric ???
Biometric verification is any means by which a
person can be uniquely identified by evaluating one or
more distinguishing biological traits. Unique identifiers
include fingerprints, hand geometry, earlobe
geometry, retina and iris patterns, voice waves, DNA,
and signatures.

5. History of Biometric Technology
 The term “biometrics” is derived from the
Greek words “bio” (life) and “metrics” (to
measure).
 Biometric is the automated process of
identifying or verifying an individual based
upon his or her behavioral or physical
characteristics.
1858 – First systematic capture of hand
images for identification purposes is
recorded by Sir William Herschel
William Herschel
1936 – Concept of using the iris pattern
for identification is proposed
frank

6. What is Authentication ???
 Authentication is the act of confirming
something what it claims to be.
 It is the process of giving someone
identity so that he or she can access that
particular application or data.
 For e.g.: giving identity-card to a student
of an institute.
Authentication

7. Main Types of Authentication
 By using passwords, PIN
 By using smart card or swipe card
 By using Biometric

8. Mode of Biometric System
Identification
 One-to-many comparison
 It search for a sample against a database of
templates
 It identifies an unknown individual.
 For e.g.: who is “x”?
Verification
 One-to-one comparison
 It compares a sample against a single stored
template
 It verifies that the individual is who he claims to
be
 For e.g.: is this “x”?

9. Working of biometric system
Steps:
 Capturing
 Pre-processing
 Feature extraction
 Template matching
 Matcher/Comparison
 Application Device

10. Working process
 Enrollment: In this stage, the information
captured from the subject by the sensing device is
stored in a database for later comparison. When
someone uses biometric for the first time then the
stage is called enrollment.

11. Contd…
 Authentication: In this stage, the
registered biometric sample during the
enrollment process are matched against
newly capturing biometric sample.

12. Biometric devices consist of
 A scanning device
 A software which converts scanned information into
digital forms and compares on some matching points
 A database that stores biometric features for
further comparison

13. Different biometric technique
Fingerprint technology:
It is the oldest and most widely used method.
It needs a fingerprint reader.
Registered points are located and compared.
Optical sensors are used for scanning purpose.
It can be used for many applications like pc login
security, voting system,
attendance system etc.

14. Contd..
 Uses the ridge endings and bifurcation's on a persons
finger to plot points known as Minutiae
 The number and locations of the minutiae vary from
finger to finger in any particular person, and from
person to person for any particular finger
Finger Image + MinutiaeFinger Image Minutiae

15. Face recognition technology
 Face Recognition is a biometric technique for
automatic identification or verification of a person from
a digital image.
 These include the position/size/shape of the eyes,
nose, cheekbones and jaw line.

16. Facial Recognition
1. Capture image
2. Find face in image
3. Extract features
(store template)
4. Compare templates
5. Declare matches

17. Iris Recognition Technology
 It measures the iris pattern of the eye i.e. the
colored part of the eye that surrounds the pupil.
 The iris canner analyzes features like rings,
furrows, and freckles existing in the colored
tissue surrounding the pupil.
 Iris pattern is not changed over
years or by glasses, contact lens

18. Iris recognition
Iris scanning measures the iris
pattern in the colored part of the
eye,

19. Retina recognition
Images back of the eye
and compares blood
vessels with existing data

20. Hand Geometry Technology
This method uses hand images for person
identification or verification.
Person identification using hand geometry
utilizes hand images to extract a number of
features such as finger length, width,
thickness, finger area etc.
Measures the digits of the hand and
compares to those collected at the time of
enrollment.

21. Contd..
Places hand on the system, which takes
the three dimensional image of the
hand.

22. Speaker recognition technology
 Voice Recognition or Speaker Recognition is a
biometric process of validating a user's claimed identity
using characteristics extracted from their voices.
It uses the pitch, pattern, tone, frequency, rhythm of
speech for identification purposes.
A telephone or microphone can act as a sensor.

23. Contd..
 During the enrollment phase, the spoken words are
converted from analog to digital format, and the
distinctive vocal characteristics such as pitch, frequency,
and tone, are extracted, and a speaker model is
established.
 A template is then generated and stored for future
comparisons.
 Speaker recognition is often used where voice is the only
available biometric identifier, such as telephone.

24. Keystroke dynamics
Keystroke dynamics is an automated method of examining an
individual’s keystrokes on a keyboard.
This technology examines such dynamics
as speed and pressure, the total time taken to type particular
words, and the time elapsed between hitting certain keys.

25. Comparison Between Different Technique

26.  Biometrics cannot be lost, stolen or forgotten. Barring
disease or serious physical injury, the biometric is
consistent and permanent.
 It is also secure in that the biometric itself cannot be
socially engineered, shared or used by others.
 There is no requirement to remember passwords, or PINs,
thus eliminating an overhead cost. The biometric is always
available to the individual;
 Coupled with a smart card, biometrics provide strong
security for any credentials on the smart card.
 Biometric system provide a high degree of confidence in
user identity.
 Organizations can implement recognition systems to
obviate the need to log onto a system manually.
advantage of biometrics

27.  Lack of standardization
 While the reliability and the accuracy of biometric
devices continues to improve.
 Biometric systems must be able to accommodate
changes to the biometric over time which may be
caused by ageing, illness or injury.
 The effectiveness of the sample collection process
is strongly influenced by environmental
conditions, user training and usability. For
example, lighting, facial orientations, expression,
image resolution and the wearing of hats can affect
the quality of the sample.
disadvantages

28. Applications of Biometric
presently using
 Vertical markets that are using
biometrics:
Government—Passports, national
identification (ID) cards, voter cards,
driver’s licenses, social services,
and so on
 ✓ Transportation—Airport security,
boarding passes, and commercial
driver’s licenses
 ✓ Healthcare—Medical insurance
cards, patient/employee identity
cards
 ✓ Financial—Bankcards, ATM
cards, credit cards, and debit cards
 ✓ Security—Access control and
identity verifications, including time
and attendance
 ✓ Education—Student/teacher
identity verification and access
control. Biometrics are now being
implemented in large-scale ID
systems around the globe.
Future using and existing
 Biometrics is a rapidly evolving
technology that is being widely
used in forensics, such as criminal
identification and prison security,
and that has the potential to be
used in a large range of civilian
application areas.
 Biometrics can be used to prevent
unauthorized access to ATMs,
cellular phones, smart cards,
desktop PCs, workstations, and
computer networks.
 It can be used during transactions
conducted by telephone and
Internet (electronic commerce and
electronic banking).
 In automobiles, biometrics can
replace keys with keyless entry
devices.

29. conclusion
The upcoming lead in technology