This document discusses women empowerment in India. It outlines the history and existing problems like gender discrimination, lack of education, and atrocities against women. Some key issues faced by Indian women include low literacy rates compared to men, lack of representation in politics and the judiciary, economic dependence, and gender disparities. However, some efforts have been made through organizations like SEWA and the Mann Deshi Mahila Sahakari Bank to promote financial inclusion and empowerment of women. Overall, the document analyzes the need for women's empowerment in India and some challenges that still remain.

2. Outline
•What is Women Empowerment?
•Why should it be
•History
•Existing problems
•Ways to achieve it
•Efforts made to achieve it
•Achievements

4. Why need of women empowerment?
“Women are worshipped as goddess in INDIA,
But not given her true position.”
The main problems faced by women in past and present
Gender discrimination
Women education
Female infanticide
Dowry
Marriage in same caste and child marriage
Atrocities on women: With their age, they have been raped, kicked,
killed, subdued & humiliated almost daily.

5. HARASSMENT
EXPLOITATION
DISCRIMINATION

7. •NEW DELHI: Being equal to their
male counterparts is still a far cry
for Indian women. Not only are
they marginal as public figures, an
average Indian woman can hardly
call the shots at home or outside.
•In 2012, women occupied only
eight out of 74 ministerial positions
in the Union council of ministers.
There were only two women judges
out of 26 judges in the Supreme
Court, and there were only 54
women judges out of 634 judges in
various high courts.

8. • About 66% of the female
population in rural area is
unutilized. This is mainly due to
existing social customs.
• In agriculture & animal care the
women contribute 90% of the
total work force. Women
constitute almost half of the
population, perform nearly 2/3
rd of its work hours, receive
1/10 th of the world’s income &
own less than 1/100 th of the
world property.
• Among the world’s 900 million
illiterate people, women out
number men two to one. 70% of
people living in poverty are
women

9. Women in India
o Total population - 1210.2 million (2011)
{Almost equal to the combined population of U.S.A.,
Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Japan
put together}
o Women population - 586.5 million (48.5%)
o Sex ratio: 943/1000 men
o Child Sex ratio: 919 /1000
9

10. Shocking Facts
• According to 2013, UNDP report on Human
Development Indicators, all South Asian
Countries, except Afghanistan, were ranked
better for women than India
• It predicts: an Indian girl child aged 1-5 yrs is
75% more likely to die than the boy child
• A woman is raped once in every 20min and
10% of all crimes are reported to be of women
abuse

11. And on the top of all is
•The physical, sexual and psychological harm or
suffering to women
•Includes threat of such an act, coercin or arbitrary
deprivation of liberty whether occurring in public or
private life

12. Educational status of women
Census data 2001,2011, RGI, GOI
Literacy rate
Department of education, Ministry of Human
Resource & Development
13-12-
2016
12

13. Gender Disparity in Literacy
Age Sex Literacy
rate (%)
Gender
Disparity
15-49 Male
Female
78
55
29%
20-24 Male
Female
84
64
23%
15-19 Male
Female
89
74
17%
NFHS 3,India 2005-
2006

14. Lack of education,
Financial constraint,
Family responsibility,
Low mobility,
Low ability to bear risk,
Low need for achievement,
Absence of ambition for the
achievement,
Social status
What are the main problems?

15. Economic independence of women
 Work participation of
women– 25.63%
 Urban: rural ratio of work
participation of women-
11.88: 30.79
 Women working in
unorganized sectors – 80%
 Women economically active
at 15 years (2009) – 33%
13-12-
2016
15

16. Women at decision making level
• Participation of women in
elections increased over the
years
• Proportion of women turnout
for voting – 58.2%
• Proportion of women in
national parliament dipped
till year 2007
• “Women Reservation Bill” is
still pending in the
parliament
Source: Election Commission of India
16
58.2
48.0
Proportionofwomeninnational
parliament

17. Mann Deshi Mahila
Sahakari Bank
• Chetna’s foundation established in 1994 a
co-operative bank that is completely
operated by women and serves women
customers.
• The bank was established with help of a
group of illiterate women and has now
grown into a $562,000 firm by the end of
2011.
• In collaboration with HSBC, Mann Deshi
Bank established the Udyogini Business
School in 2007.

18. SEWA (Self-Employed Women's
Association)
• Started as a trade union, registered in 1972,
founded by Ela Bhat,
• Organisation of self-employed women workers
who earn a living through their own labour or
small businesses.
• SEWA's membership, which is a nominal Rs. 5 a
year, includes women from a cross-section of
society — from vegetable and fruit hawkers to
home-based weavers, potters and manual
labourers.
• Year Number of Members