Biometrics refers to using unique human characteristics for identification. Biometric systems work by recording and comparing biometric traits like fingerprints, iris scans, voice patterns etc. These systems provide fast and accurate identification, making biometrics more secure than traditional security methods. Some key uses of biometric systems include border control, law enforcement, and workplace timekeeping and access control.

1. Presented by:- Group D

3.  Biometrics is defined as the unique physical/logical characteristics or
traits of human body.
 Any details of the human body which differs from one human to
other will be used as unique biometric data to serve as that person's
unique identification ,
 such as: retinal, iris, fingerprint, palm print and DNA.

4.  Biometric systems will collect and store this data in order to use it for
verifying personal identity.
 The combination of biometric data systems and biometrics
recognition/ identification technologies creates the biometric
security systems.
 The biometric security system is a lock and capture mechanism to
control access to specific data.

5.  Governments, businesses and organizations can use
biometric systems to get more information about individuals
or about a populace as a whole.
 Many biometric systems are developed for security
applications.
 An airport scanning device, a "bio-password" system, or an
internal data gathering protocol is an example of a biometric
system that uses identifying data for a security result.

6. Biometrics can be sorted into two classes:
 Physiological
Examples: face, fingerprint, hand geometry and iris
recognition
 Behavioural
Examples: signature and voice

7.  Common:
 Fingerprint Recognition
 Face Recognition
 Speaker Recognition
 Iris Recognition
 Hand Geometry
 Signature verification
 Others:
 DNA
 Retina recognition
 Thermo grams
 Gait
 Keystroke
 Ear recognition
 Skin reflection
 Lip motion
 Body odor

9.  Odors have been shown to
impact human performance
across a range of contexts.
 The focus of the current special
issue reflects incidental
industrial/environmental odor
exposure.
 If odor effects are secondary to
an odor-induced elevation in
mood, one might predict that
similar valance odors produce
qualitatively equivalent effects
on cognition and mood.

10.  Odor qualities have often been assessed by perception-based
ratings.
 Although they have been applied for more than 5 decades, these
psychological approaches have not yielded a comprehensive or
generally accepted classification system yet.

11.  By reviewed 28 perception-based classification
studies and found that their outcome has been
largely determined by 4 influencing factors:
1) inter individual differences in perceptual and
verbal abilities of subjects
2)stimuli characteristics
3)approaches of data collection
4)methods of data analysis.

13.  A facial recognition
system is a computer
application capable of
identifying or verifying
a person from a digital
image or a video frame
from a video source.
 One of the ways to do
this is by comparing
selected facial features
from the image and a
facial database.

15.  Some facial recognition
algorithms identify facial
features by extracting
landmarks, or features,
from an image of the
subject's face.
 For example,
an algorithm may
analyze the relative
position, size, and/or
shape of the eyes, nose,
cheekbones, and jaw.
 A newly emerging trend,
claimed to achieve
improved accuracies, is
three-dimensional face
recognition.
 This technique uses 3D
sensors to capture
information about the
shape of a face.
 This information is then
used to identify distinctive
features on the surface of a
face, such as the contour of
the eye sockets, nose, and
chin.

16.  digiKam (KDE)
 iPhoto (Apple)
 Lightroom (Adobe)
 OpenCV (Open
Source)
 OpenFace (Open
Source)
 Photos (Apple)
 Photoshop Elements
(Adobe Systems)
 Picasa (Google)
 Picture Motion
Browser (Sony)
 Windows Live Photo
Gallery (Microsoft)
 DeepFace (Facebook)
 visage SDK (Visage
Technologies)
 Ayonix face SDK
(Ayonix 3D face
technology)
 TrueKey (Intel)

18.  The cognitive performance of a group of patients with multiple
system atrophy (MSA) of striato-nigral predominance was
compared with that of age.
 IQ matched control subjects, using three tests sensitive to frontal
lobe dysfunction and a battery sensitive to memory and learning
deficits

19.  The MSA group showed no consistent evidence of intellectual
deterioration as assessed from their performance on subtests of the
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and the National Adult
Reading Test (NART).
 Consideration of individual cases showed that there was some
heterogeneity in the pattern of deficits in the MSA group, with one
patient showing no impairment, even in the face of considerable
physical disability.

21.  Handwriting recognition is the ability of a computer to receive
and interpret intelligible handwritten input from sources such
as paper documents, photographs, touch-screens and other
devices.
 The image of the written text may be sensed "off line" from a
piece of paper by optical scanning or intelligent word
recognition.
 Alternatively, the movements of the pen tip may be sensed "on
line", for example by a pen-based computer screen surface, a
generally easier task as there are more clues available.

22.  Handwritten biometrics
can be split into two
main categories:
 Static: In this mode,
users writes on paper,
digitize it through an
optical scanner or a
camera, and the
biometric system
recognizes the text
analyzing its shape.
 Dynamic: In this mode,
users writes in a digitizing
tablet, which acquires the
text in real time.
 Another possibility is the
acquisition by means of
stylus-operated PDAs.
Dynamic information usually
consists of the following
information:
 spatial coordinate x(t)
 spatial coordinate y(t)
 pressure p(t)
 azimuth az(t)
 inclination in(t)

23.  Handwriting recognition
principally entails optical
character recognition.
 However, a complete
handwriting recognition
system also handles
formatting, performs
correct segmentation into
characters and finds the
most plausible words.

25.  Universality:
Each person should possess the biometric trait.
 Distinctiveness:
Each person should be sufficiently unique in terms of
their biometric traits.

26.  Permanence:
Biometric trait should be invariant over time. A
good biometric system should measure something
that changes slowly over time.
 Collectability:
Biometric trait should be measured quantitatively.
How easily the biometric can be measured can be
significantly important in some applications

28.  Biometric system are a relatively modern technology
 Accuracy:
The goal of biometrics is to provide fast, accurate
readings---preventing unauthorized access.
Biometrics allows for a greater security level than
would have otherwise been possible.

29.  Fast
Since biometrics performs scans, there is no need for security
codes or keys---this can create a faster and simpler system to gain
access to areas or information.
 Management
Biometrics currently serves a key role in management. Since systems
are electronic, they store data; therefore, it is very common for
employers to use biometric systems as time clocks, an automated
way of tracking employees accurately.

31.  Biometrics systems work by recording and comparing
biometric characteristics.
 In many cases, characteristics are recorded as images, but for
speaker recognition a waveform is recorded, and for
signature recognition, time series data.
 For efficiency reasons, rather than using recorded
characteristics directly, it is usual to extract identifying
features from the samples and encode these features in a
form that facilitates storage and comparison.

33.  Aadhaar
 Access control
 AFIS
 AssureSign
 BioAPI
 Biometric passport
 Biometrics in schools
 BioSlimDisk
 Facial recognition system
 Fingerprint recognition
 Fuzzy extractor
 Gait analysis
 Government database
 Hand geometry
 Handwritten biometric
recognition
 Identity Cards Act 2006
 International Identity
Federation
 Iris recognition
 Keystroke dynamics
 Private biometrics
 Retinal scan
 Signature recognition
 Smart city
 Speaker recognition
 Surveillance
 Vein matching
 Voice analysis

34.  A biometric passport: also known as an e-passport, ePassport or
a digital passport, is a combined paper and electronic passport
that contains biometric information that can be used to
authenticate the identity of travellers.
 Biometrics in schools have been used primarily in the UK and US
since the early first decade of the 21st century, with some use of
biometric technology in schools in Asia too.
 Biometric technology is used to address truancy, to replace
library cards, or to charge for meals.

35.  A government database collects information for various reasons,
including climate monitoring, securities law compliance,
geological surveys, patent applications and grants, surveillance,
national security, border control, law enforcement, public health,
voter registration, vehicle registration, social security, and
statistics.
 Hand geometry is a biometric that identifies users by the shape
of their hands. Hand geometry readers measure a user's hand
along many dimensions and compare those measurements to
measurements stored in a file.

36.  Iris recognition is an automated method of biometric
identification that uses mathematical pattern-recognition
techniques on video images of one or both of the irises of an
individual's eyes, whose complex patterns are unique, stable, and
can be seen from some distance.

37.  Vein matching, also called vascular technology, is a technique of
biometric identification through the analysis of the patterns of
blood vessels visible from the surface of the skin.
 Voice analysis is the study of speech sounds for purposes other
than linguistic content, such as in speech recognition.
 Such studies include mostly medical analysis of the voice
(phoniatrics), but also speaker identification.
 More controversially, some believe that the truthfulness or
emotional state of speakers can be determined using Voice Stress
Analysis or Layered Voice Analysis.

38.  Biometrics refers to metrics related to human
characteristics.
 Biometric is different from each and every
person.
 This is most secure from other security
system. Because others can’t hack this
system.
 So the biometric system is most secured
system in IT field and others.

39.  http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse571-
11/ftp/biomet.pdf
 https://www.cse.unr.edu/~bebis/CS790Q/Lect/Chapters_
3_4.ppt
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3231408
/
 http://chemse.oxfordjournals.org/content/38/3/189.full
 http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content/115/1/271.short
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handwriting_recognition
 https://www.newera.com.na/2014/04/23/characteristics-
biometric-systems/
 http://www.ehow.com/facts_6087565_functions-
biometric-devices_.html
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biometrics