Poster prepared by Peter Setimela, Edmore Gasura, Davies Melele and Oswell Ndoro for the Africa RISING Science for Impact Workshop, Dar es Salaam, 17-19 January 2017
- The document discusses the development of Quality Protein Maize (QPM), a variety of maize that contains higher amounts of the essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan.
- QPM was created through the discovery of the opaque-2 mutant in the 1930s, which increases lysine levels but causes soft kernels. Breeding efforts aimed to combine this trait with genetic modifiers to recover kernel hardness.
- India has released several QPM varieties since 1970 through conventional breeding programs at research centers. More recently, marker-assisted selection was used to shorten the time needed to develop new QPM hybrids with improved agronomic traits.
The impact of Quality Protein Maize (QPM) on school children’s weight and hei...CIAT
1) A study in Colombia evaluated the impact of consuming Quality Protein Maize (QPM) through a school feeding program on school children's weight and height over 12 months.
2) While children gained weight and grew taller overall, there were no differences between groups receiving QPM, common maize, or QPM seed.
3) This was likely due to the intervention not being delivered as planned, with variations in the number of days maize was served, quantity of maize consumed, and smaller difference in amino acid concentration between maize varieties than expected.
Molecular breeding for quality protein maizeRavi Nagda
- Quality Protein Maize (QPM) is a variety of maize that contains higher amounts of lysine and tryptophan with lower amounts of leucine in the endosperm compared to normal maize.
- Two scientists from CIMMYT led the development of QPM over three decades to produce maize with a hard kernel, good taste, and disease/insect resistance.
- QPM research and development spread from Mexico to Central/South America, Africa, Europe, and Asia. India released several QPM hybrids using parental lines developed from CIMMYT QPM inbreds.
Chemical and Sensory Quality of Quality Protein maize (Zea mays), Defatted Fl...OLUFEMI Adedokun, Ph.D
This document summarizes a study on developing weaning foods from quality protein maize, defatted fluted pumpkin seed, and African walnut. Two formulations were tested: A) quality protein maize alone, and B) a blend of 76% quality protein maize, 12% defatted fluted pumpkin seed, and 12% defatted African walnut. Formulation B had higher protein content and was preferred in sensory evaluation for color, aroma, taste, and consistency. The study showed that blending quality protein maize with fluted pumpkin and African walnut improved the nutritional profile and could help address malnutrition in developing countries.
Quality protein maize biofortification for nutritional securitynirupma_2008
Maize is a versatile crop, used as human food, livestock feed and raw material in industries. Being robust and extremely adaptable in various agro-climatic conditions, it is a favourite crop of farmers throughout the world. For majority of the population, especially rural poor maize constitutes the main bulk of the daily diet. But, the concern lies in the insufficient protein quality and quantity in maize grain leading to malnutrition. Its nutritional value is limited by the low levels of essential amino acids, particularly lysine and tryptophan. In maize endosperm, zein constitutes 50 to 70% of storage protein which is abundant in glutamine, leucine and proline but devoid of the essential amino acids viz., lysine and tryptophan (Prasanna 2001 ; Gibbon and Larkins, 2005; Wu et al., 2010). The discovery of a natural mutation called opaque2 (o2) in 1960’s, caused reduction of zein and increase in non-zein proteins in maize grain doubling the level of lysine (Mertz et al., 1964; Krivanek et al., 2007; Wu et al.,2010). However, the o2 mutation had negative pleiotropic effects that resulted in soft, chalky and dull endosperm, (Babu et al., 2005) leading to decrease in grain den¬sity, increase in susceptibility to attacks by pests and diseases and decrease in productivity. These defects were ameoliarated by the efforts of plant breeders by selecting o2 lines with hard, translucent (vitreous) kernels that retained high lysine content. These modified opaque lines had loci called “modifiers” and such genotypes were called “Quality Protein Maize” (--1,--3,--6, Ortega and Bates, 1983; Villegas et al., 1992; Toro, 2001).
Biofortification Provitamin A Maize in ZambiaWorldFish
Biofortified orange-fleshed sweet potato was disseminated in Mozambique and Uganda from 2006 to 2009 through the HarvestPlus Reaching End Users project. The project successfully promoted adoption of orange-fleshed sweet potato, with 77% of households in Mozambique and 65% in Uganda adopting the crop. The intervention led to significant increases in vitamin A intake among children and women, due to increased consumption of the biofortified sweet potato.
This document provides a summary of a presentation on biofortification. It discusses how over 3 billion people worldwide suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. Biofortification is introduced as a method of breeding crops to increase their nutritional value by increasing mineral and vitamin concentrations. Examples of biofortified crops are given, such as golden rice which has been genetically modified to produce vitamin A. The document also summarizes conventional breeding methods used to develop quality protein maize with higher lysine and tryptophan content. It concludes with information on recent biofortification efforts in India.
- The document discusses the development of Quality Protein Maize (QPM), a variety of maize that contains higher amounts of the essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan.
- QPM was created through the discovery of the opaque-2 mutant in the 1930s, which increases lysine levels but causes soft kernels. Breeding efforts aimed to combine this trait with genetic modifiers to recover kernel hardness.
- India has released several QPM varieties since 1970 through conventional breeding programs at research centers. More recently, marker-assisted selection was used to shorten the time needed to develop new QPM hybrids with improved agronomic traits.
The impact of Quality Protein Maize (QPM) on school children’s weight and hei...CIAT
1) A study in Colombia evaluated the impact of consuming Quality Protein Maize (QPM) through a school feeding program on school children's weight and height over 12 months.
2) While children gained weight and grew taller overall, there were no differences between groups receiving QPM, common maize, or QPM seed.
3) This was likely due to the intervention not being delivered as planned, with variations in the number of days maize was served, quantity of maize consumed, and smaller difference in amino acid concentration between maize varieties than expected.
Molecular breeding for quality protein maizeRavi Nagda
- Quality Protein Maize (QPM) is a variety of maize that contains higher amounts of lysine and tryptophan with lower amounts of leucine in the endosperm compared to normal maize.
- Two scientists from CIMMYT led the development of QPM over three decades to produce maize with a hard kernel, good taste, and disease/insect resistance.
- QPM research and development spread from Mexico to Central/South America, Africa, Europe, and Asia. India released several QPM hybrids using parental lines developed from CIMMYT QPM inbreds.
Chemical and Sensory Quality of Quality Protein maize (Zea mays), Defatted Fl...OLUFEMI Adedokun, Ph.D
This document summarizes a study on developing weaning foods from quality protein maize, defatted fluted pumpkin seed, and African walnut. Two formulations were tested: A) quality protein maize alone, and B) a blend of 76% quality protein maize, 12% defatted fluted pumpkin seed, and 12% defatted African walnut. Formulation B had higher protein content and was preferred in sensory evaluation for color, aroma, taste, and consistency. The study showed that blending quality protein maize with fluted pumpkin and African walnut improved the nutritional profile and could help address malnutrition in developing countries.
Quality protein maize biofortification for nutritional securitynirupma_2008
Maize is a versatile crop, used as human food, livestock feed and raw material in industries. Being robust and extremely adaptable in various agro-climatic conditions, it is a favourite crop of farmers throughout the world. For majority of the population, especially rural poor maize constitutes the main bulk of the daily diet. But, the concern lies in the insufficient protein quality and quantity in maize grain leading to malnutrition. Its nutritional value is limited by the low levels of essential amino acids, particularly lysine and tryptophan. In maize endosperm, zein constitutes 50 to 70% of storage protein which is abundant in glutamine, leucine and proline but devoid of the essential amino acids viz., lysine and tryptophan (Prasanna 2001 ; Gibbon and Larkins, 2005; Wu et al., 2010). The discovery of a natural mutation called opaque2 (o2) in 1960’s, caused reduction of zein and increase in non-zein proteins in maize grain doubling the level of lysine (Mertz et al., 1964; Krivanek et al., 2007; Wu et al.,2010). However, the o2 mutation had negative pleiotropic effects that resulted in soft, chalky and dull endosperm, (Babu et al., 2005) leading to decrease in grain den¬sity, increase in susceptibility to attacks by pests and diseases and decrease in productivity. These defects were ameoliarated by the efforts of plant breeders by selecting o2 lines with hard, translucent (vitreous) kernels that retained high lysine content. These modified opaque lines had loci called “modifiers” and such genotypes were called “Quality Protein Maize” (--1,--3,--6, Ortega and Bates, 1983; Villegas et al., 1992; Toro, 2001).
Biofortification Provitamin A Maize in ZambiaWorldFish
Biofortified orange-fleshed sweet potato was disseminated in Mozambique and Uganda from 2006 to 2009 through the HarvestPlus Reaching End Users project. The project successfully promoted adoption of orange-fleshed sweet potato, with 77% of households in Mozambique and 65% in Uganda adopting the crop. The intervention led to significant increases in vitamin A intake among children and women, due to increased consumption of the biofortified sweet potato.
This document provides a summary of a presentation on biofortification. It discusses how over 3 billion people worldwide suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. Biofortification is introduced as a method of breeding crops to increase their nutritional value by increasing mineral and vitamin concentrations. Examples of biofortified crops are given, such as golden rice which has been genetically modified to produce vitamin A. The document also summarizes conventional breeding methods used to develop quality protein maize with higher lysine and tryptophan content. It concludes with information on recent biofortification efforts in India.
Molecular Breeding for Development of Biofortified Maize Hybrids in IndiaCIMMYT
The document discusses molecular breeding efforts in India to develop biofortified maize hybrids. It notes that over 2 billion people worldwide are malnourished. Maize is an important crop but often lacks nutrients like iron, zinc, and vitamins A, E. The program aims to introgress genes like opaque2, opaque16, and crtRB1 to increase lysine, tryptophan, and provitamin A. It has released new hybrids with these traits like Pusa HM4 Improved. It also discusses efforts to enrich for vitamin E and reduce phytate to enhance mineral availability through genes like lpa1. The long-term goal is to develop multi-trait hybrids addressing several deficiencies
This document discusses biofortification as a process to improve the nutritional value of crops. It defines biofortification and explains the need for it due to widespread micronutrient deficiencies globally. Various strategies are described to biofortify crops through conventional breeding, genetic engineering and other methods. Successful examples of biofortified crops developed for traits like iron, zinc and vitamin A are provided. The document also outlines organizations working on biofortification and future challenges in the field.
“Bio-fortification options/success story - wheat”, presented by Arun Kumar Joshi, CIMMYT at the ReSAKSS-Asia Conference, Nov 14-16, 2011, in Kathmandu, Nepal.
1. HarvestPlus has made progress in breeding staple crops like rice, wheat and beans with higher iron and zinc levels through genetic variation.
2. They have established genetic variation, baseline levels, and target levels for increasing micronutrients in crops.
3. Further research is still needed to evaluate the retention of micronutrients during processing, bioavailability to the human body, and efficacy trials to measure impact on nutrition and health.
Bio fortification for Enhanced Nutrition in Rice by Conventional and Molecula...Sathisha TN
Micronutrient malnutrition is widespread, especially in poor populations across the globe where daily caloric intake is confined mainly to staple cereals. Rice, which is a staple food for over half of the world's population, is low in bioavailable micronutrients required for the daily diet. Improvements of the plant-based diets are therefore critical and of high economic value in order to achieve a healthy nutrition of a large segment of the human population. Rice grain biofortification has emerged as a strategic priority for alleviation of micronutrient malnutrition
Bio fortification through Genetic EngineeringBalaji Rathod
Crop Bio-fortification is the idea of breeding crops to increase their nutritional value.
Bio-fortification differs from ordinary fortification because it focuses on making plant foods more nutritious as the plants are growing, rather than having nutrients added to the foods when they are being processed.
This is an improvement on ordinary fortification when it comes to providing nutrients for the rural poor, who rarely have access to commercially fortified foods.
Application of biotechnologies in improving the quality of rice and wheatExternalEvents
Application of biotechnologies in improving the quality of rice and wheat presentation by Melissa Fitzgerald, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
Scientific opportunities and challenges of bio-fortificationGlo_PAN
Presentation by Andrew Westby, Director, Natural Resources Institute (University of Greenwich) at the launch event of the Global Panel's Biofortification Policy Brief.
Held at the All Party Parliamentary Group All-Party Parliamentary Group on Agriculture and Food for Development on 2 February 2015
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is major staple food in the world (especially in South and South East Asian countries).
Important staple foods for more than half of the world’s population (IRRI, 2006)
Source of livelihoods and economies of several billion people.
On a global basis, rice varieties provide 21% and 15% per capita of dietary energy and protein, respectively.
About 50% world’s populations depends on rice as their main source of nutrition.
However, rice is a poor source of micronutrients.
Micronutrients deficiency is a global problem contributing to world’s malnutrition and a major public health problem in many countries, especially in regions where people rely on monotonous diets of cereal-based food, as the Zn level or content in the grains of staple crops, such as cereals and legumes, is generally low.
Increasing the Zn content in the grains of these crops is considered a sustainable way to alleviate human Zn deficiency.
Zn deficiency being an important nutrient constraint, any approach to improve Zn uptake and its transport to grains has significant practical relevance.
The concentration and bioavailability of Zn in rice is very low and its consumption alone cannot meet the recommended daily allowance.
To address this problem, a agronomic and genetic approach called Biofortification which aims at enrichment of foodstuffs with vital micronutrients have been evolved and pursed as a potent strategy, internationally.
This document discusses biofortification of rice through conventional breeding and genetic engineering techniques. It provides a brief history of rice hybridization research and development. It then discusses various methods used to biofortify rice with micronutrients like vitamin A, folate, iron, zinc, and lysine. Case studies on developing golden rice enriched with beta-carotene and rice enriched with soy glycinin protein are described. Advantages of biofortified rice in reducing micronutrient deficiencies and disadvantages related to costs and access are noted.
Breeding high iron pearl millet cultivars: present status and future prospectsICRISAT
Micronutrient malnutrition, widespread in resource poor families in the developing world where large populations rely on cereals as staple food, has emerged as a major health challenge. Over 60% and 30% of the world’s populations are deficient in iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), respectively. About 80% of pregnant women and 70% children are reported to suffer from Fe deficiency, while 52% children (<5 years) have stunted growth in India2,3. Biofortification is a cost-effective and sustainable agricultural approach to deliver essential micronutrients through staple foods. Pearl millet is an important staple food in the arid and semi-arid regions of Asia and Africa. The primary focus of HarvestPlus-supported pearl millet biofortification research at ICRISAT is on improving Fe density with Zn density as an associated trait.
Biofortification using Underutilized Crops by Binu Cherian, HarvestPlusapaari
Biofortification using Underutilized Crops by Binu Cherian, HarvestPlus - Regional Expert Consultation on Underutilized Crops for Food and Nutritional Security in Asia and the Pacific November 13-15, 2017, Bangkok
This document discusses the activities and responsible parties required for scaling up biofortification programs. It outlines that population nutritional assessments, breeding targets, cultivar development, efficacy testing, yield and consumer assessments are led by academia. Advocacy, resource mobilization, seed production, social mobilization, training and monitoring involve public, private and civil society sectors. Close coordination is needed across technical disciplines and sectors to ensure the complex operations of biofortification interventions are successfully implemented and evaluated.
This document discusses using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) fast screening technology to support iron and zinc biofortification of potatoes. Calibrations for iron and zinc concentration in potato tubers using XRF were established, showing strong correlations. Training courses in Bangladesh and Rwanda built capacity for nutritional quality evaluation of potatoes, including sampling, sample preparation to avoid contamination, and basics of mineral analysis by XRF. XRF allows high-throughput, low-cost screening of minerals in potatoes to support biofortification programs addressing widespread micronutrient deficiencies.
BREEDING FOR QUALITY TRAITS IN VEGETABLE CROPSAdhiyamaan Raj
This document discusses breeding for quality traits in vegetable crops. It begins by explaining the importance of vegetables in the human diet and as sources of nutrients. It then discusses key quality traits like morphological, organoleptic, nutritional, and biological traits. The rest of the document provides examples of specific quality traits targeted for improvement in crops like tomato, carrot, brinjal, capsicum, and methods used like evaluation of germplasm, hybridization, and development of varieties with improved traits.
New crop and fodder genotypes for sustainable intensification in semi-arid ag...africa-rising
Poster prepared by P. Okori, B. Jumbo, D. Makumbi, NVPR Ganga Rao, A.A. Kimaro and E. Swai for the Africa RISING Science for Impact Workshop, Dar es Salaam, 17-19 January 2017
Improving small ruminant productivity and livelihood through feed and health ...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Sadat Salifu, Augustine Ayantunde, Addah Weseh, Franklin Avornyo and Solomon Konlan for the Africa RISING Science for Impact Workshop, Dar es Salaam, 17-19 January 2017
Molecular Breeding for Development of Biofortified Maize Hybrids in IndiaCIMMYT
The document discusses molecular breeding efforts in India to develop biofortified maize hybrids. It notes that over 2 billion people worldwide are malnourished. Maize is an important crop but often lacks nutrients like iron, zinc, and vitamins A, E. The program aims to introgress genes like opaque2, opaque16, and crtRB1 to increase lysine, tryptophan, and provitamin A. It has released new hybrids with these traits like Pusa HM4 Improved. It also discusses efforts to enrich for vitamin E and reduce phytate to enhance mineral availability through genes like lpa1. The long-term goal is to develop multi-trait hybrids addressing several deficiencies
This document discusses biofortification as a process to improve the nutritional value of crops. It defines biofortification and explains the need for it due to widespread micronutrient deficiencies globally. Various strategies are described to biofortify crops through conventional breeding, genetic engineering and other methods. Successful examples of biofortified crops developed for traits like iron, zinc and vitamin A are provided. The document also outlines organizations working on biofortification and future challenges in the field.
“Bio-fortification options/success story - wheat”, presented by Arun Kumar Joshi, CIMMYT at the ReSAKSS-Asia Conference, Nov 14-16, 2011, in Kathmandu, Nepal.
1. HarvestPlus has made progress in breeding staple crops like rice, wheat and beans with higher iron and zinc levels through genetic variation.
2. They have established genetic variation, baseline levels, and target levels for increasing micronutrients in crops.
3. Further research is still needed to evaluate the retention of micronutrients during processing, bioavailability to the human body, and efficacy trials to measure impact on nutrition and health.
Bio fortification for Enhanced Nutrition in Rice by Conventional and Molecula...Sathisha TN
Micronutrient malnutrition is widespread, especially in poor populations across the globe where daily caloric intake is confined mainly to staple cereals. Rice, which is a staple food for over half of the world's population, is low in bioavailable micronutrients required for the daily diet. Improvements of the plant-based diets are therefore critical and of high economic value in order to achieve a healthy nutrition of a large segment of the human population. Rice grain biofortification has emerged as a strategic priority for alleviation of micronutrient malnutrition
Bio fortification through Genetic EngineeringBalaji Rathod
Crop Bio-fortification is the idea of breeding crops to increase their nutritional value.
Bio-fortification differs from ordinary fortification because it focuses on making plant foods more nutritious as the plants are growing, rather than having nutrients added to the foods when they are being processed.
This is an improvement on ordinary fortification when it comes to providing nutrients for the rural poor, who rarely have access to commercially fortified foods.
Application of biotechnologies in improving the quality of rice and wheatExternalEvents
Application of biotechnologies in improving the quality of rice and wheat presentation by Melissa Fitzgerald, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
Scientific opportunities and challenges of bio-fortificationGlo_PAN
Presentation by Andrew Westby, Director, Natural Resources Institute (University of Greenwich) at the launch event of the Global Panel's Biofortification Policy Brief.
Held at the All Party Parliamentary Group All-Party Parliamentary Group on Agriculture and Food for Development on 2 February 2015
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is major staple food in the world (especially in South and South East Asian countries).
Important staple foods for more than half of the world’s population (IRRI, 2006)
Source of livelihoods and economies of several billion people.
On a global basis, rice varieties provide 21% and 15% per capita of dietary energy and protein, respectively.
About 50% world’s populations depends on rice as their main source of nutrition.
However, rice is a poor source of micronutrients.
Micronutrients deficiency is a global problem contributing to world’s malnutrition and a major public health problem in many countries, especially in regions where people rely on monotonous diets of cereal-based food, as the Zn level or content in the grains of staple crops, such as cereals and legumes, is generally low.
Increasing the Zn content in the grains of these crops is considered a sustainable way to alleviate human Zn deficiency.
Zn deficiency being an important nutrient constraint, any approach to improve Zn uptake and its transport to grains has significant practical relevance.
The concentration and bioavailability of Zn in rice is very low and its consumption alone cannot meet the recommended daily allowance.
To address this problem, a agronomic and genetic approach called Biofortification which aims at enrichment of foodstuffs with vital micronutrients have been evolved and pursed as a potent strategy, internationally.
This document discusses biofortification of rice through conventional breeding and genetic engineering techniques. It provides a brief history of rice hybridization research and development. It then discusses various methods used to biofortify rice with micronutrients like vitamin A, folate, iron, zinc, and lysine. Case studies on developing golden rice enriched with beta-carotene and rice enriched with soy glycinin protein are described. Advantages of biofortified rice in reducing micronutrient deficiencies and disadvantages related to costs and access are noted.
Breeding high iron pearl millet cultivars: present status and future prospectsICRISAT
Micronutrient malnutrition, widespread in resource poor families in the developing world where large populations rely on cereals as staple food, has emerged as a major health challenge. Over 60% and 30% of the world’s populations are deficient in iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), respectively. About 80% of pregnant women and 70% children are reported to suffer from Fe deficiency, while 52% children (<5 years) have stunted growth in India2,3. Biofortification is a cost-effective and sustainable agricultural approach to deliver essential micronutrients through staple foods. Pearl millet is an important staple food in the arid and semi-arid regions of Asia and Africa. The primary focus of HarvestPlus-supported pearl millet biofortification research at ICRISAT is on improving Fe density with Zn density as an associated trait.
Biofortification using Underutilized Crops by Binu Cherian, HarvestPlusapaari
Biofortification using Underutilized Crops by Binu Cherian, HarvestPlus - Regional Expert Consultation on Underutilized Crops for Food and Nutritional Security in Asia and the Pacific November 13-15, 2017, Bangkok
This document discusses the activities and responsible parties required for scaling up biofortification programs. It outlines that population nutritional assessments, breeding targets, cultivar development, efficacy testing, yield and consumer assessments are led by academia. Advocacy, resource mobilization, seed production, social mobilization, training and monitoring involve public, private and civil society sectors. Close coordination is needed across technical disciplines and sectors to ensure the complex operations of biofortification interventions are successfully implemented and evaluated.
This document discusses using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) fast screening technology to support iron and zinc biofortification of potatoes. Calibrations for iron and zinc concentration in potato tubers using XRF were established, showing strong correlations. Training courses in Bangladesh and Rwanda built capacity for nutritional quality evaluation of potatoes, including sampling, sample preparation to avoid contamination, and basics of mineral analysis by XRF. XRF allows high-throughput, low-cost screening of minerals in potatoes to support biofortification programs addressing widespread micronutrient deficiencies.
BREEDING FOR QUALITY TRAITS IN VEGETABLE CROPSAdhiyamaan Raj
This document discusses breeding for quality traits in vegetable crops. It begins by explaining the importance of vegetables in the human diet and as sources of nutrients. It then discusses key quality traits like morphological, organoleptic, nutritional, and biological traits. The rest of the document provides examples of specific quality traits targeted for improvement in crops like tomato, carrot, brinjal, capsicum, and methods used like evaluation of germplasm, hybridization, and development of varieties with improved traits.
New crop and fodder genotypes for sustainable intensification in semi-arid ag...africa-rising
Poster prepared by P. Okori, B. Jumbo, D. Makumbi, NVPR Ganga Rao, A.A. Kimaro and E. Swai for the Africa RISING Science for Impact Workshop, Dar es Salaam, 17-19 January 2017
Improving small ruminant productivity and livelihood through feed and health ...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Sadat Salifu, Augustine Ayantunde, Addah Weseh, Franklin Avornyo and Solomon Konlan for the Africa RISING Science for Impact Workshop, Dar es Salaam, 17-19 January 2017
Taking Africa RISING-led technologies and innovations to scale: Experience of...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Haroon Sseguya, Mateete Bekunda, Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon, Francis Kamau, Silvanus Mruma and Jonathan Odhong for the Africa RISING Science for Impact Workshop, Dar es Salaam, 17-19 January 2017
Evaluating the impact of contour bunding technology on runoff, soil erosion a...africa-rising
Poster prepared by K. Traore, B.Z.Birhanu, C.O. Dembele, M. Dicko, K. Traore, O. Samake and R. Tabo for the Africa RISING Science for Impact Workshop, Dar es Salaam, 17-19 January 2017
Africa RISING science, innovations and technologies with scaling potential fr...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Christian Thierfelder (CIMMYT), Peter Setimela (CIMMYT), Munyaradzi Mutenje (CIMMYT), Mulundu Mwila (ZARI) and Mateete Bekunda (IITA) for the Africa RISING Science for Impact Workshop, Dar es Salaam, 17-19 January 2017
Options for intensifying cereal-legume cropping systems in West Africa africa-rising
This document summarizes research on options for intensifying cereal-legume cropping systems in West Africa. The research tested good agronomic practices (GAPs) like cereal-legume rotations, strip-cropping of maize with cowpea or groundnut, integrated soil fertility management with maize, soybean and cowpea, and integrated crop-livestock systems. Key results found that strip-cropping maize with cowpea or groundnut improved productivity, and that applications of rhizobium inoculant, triple super phosphate, or both improved soybean yields. Keeping sheep and goats on fallow land before cropping along with NPK fertilizer also improved maize yields. Ad
Africa RISING genetic intensification in Central Tanzania and Zambiaafrica-rising
Poster prepared by P. Okori, B. Jumbo, D. Makumbi, NVPR Ganga Rao, A.A. Kimaro and E. Swai for the Africa RISING Science for Impact Workshop, Dar es Salaam, 17-19 January 2017
A Gliricidia-pigeonpea doubled-up legume system for improved productivity of ...africa-rising
The document summarizes research on a Gliricidia-pigeonpea doubled-up legume system for improving agricultural productivity in semi-arid regions of Central Tanzania. The system involves intercropping Gliricidia trees and pigeonpeas. Key findings include: (1) The doubled-up system improved maize grain yields by up to 33% compared to monocropping. (2) It had a higher land equivalent ratio than maize-pigeonpea intercropping alone. (3) The system provides fuelwood, fodder and helps minimize land degradation. Over 50 farmers were involved in testing and validating this tree-based doubled-up legume system to
A comparison of farm typology approaches in northern Ghana africa-rising
Poster prepared by Katja Kuivanen, Stéphanie Alvarez, Mirja Michalscheck, Samuel Adjei-Nsiah, Katrien Descheemaeker, Shaibu Bedi Mellon and Jeroen Groot for the Africa RISING Science for Impact Workshop, Dar es Salaam, 17-19 January 2017
Multi-stakeholder Innovation Platforms and knowledge management: Africa RISIN...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Zelalem Lema, Mohammed Ebrahim, Addisu Asfaw, Temesgen Alene, Workneh Dubale and Simret Yasabu for the Africa RISING Science for Impact Workshop, Dar es Salaam, 17-19 January 2017
Improving nutritional outcome of children in Tanzania and Malawi africa-rising
Poster prepared by S. Anitha, Y. Muzanila, A. Mwangwela, A. Abass and P. Okori for the Africa RISING Science for Impact Workshop, Dar es Salaam, 17-19 January 2017
High value trees: Africa RISING science, innovations and technologies with sc...africa-rising
- Several varieties of high-value trees like avocado and apple were introduced and tested, with many showing high survival rates and fruiting within two years across different sites and management practices.
- Capacity development, improved access to quality planting materials, and effective partnerships are critical to meeting the large demand for high-value trees from farmers.
- The project strengthened local nursery infrastructure and can now produce 500,000 to 1 million seedlings annually, benefiting over 50,000 households.
Poster prepared by Ben Lukuyu, Fred Kizito, Peter Thorne and Bekunda Mateete for the Africa RISING Science for Impact Workshop, Dar es Salaam, 17-19 January 2017
Genetic intensification: Africa RISING science, innovations and technologies ...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Negussie Tadesse, Kalpana Sharma, Frédéric Baudron, Seid Ahmed, Yetsedaw Aynewa, Addisu Asfaw, Temesgen Alene, Mohamed Ebrahim, Workneh Dubale), Kindu Mekonnen and Peter Thorne for the Africa RISING Science for Impact Workshop, Dar es Salaam, 17-19 January 2017
New dryland legume and cereal varieties for genetic intensification in semi-a...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Wills Munthali, Peter Ngowi, Elirehema Swai, James Mwololo, Bekunda Mateete and Patrick Okori for the Africa RISING ESA Project Review and Planning Meeting, Lilongwe, Malawi, 3–5 October 2018.
Intensifying legume/cereal cropping systems in Malawiafrica-rising
Presentation by Regis Chikowo, Christian Thierfelder, Wezi Mhango and Rowland Chirwa at the Africa RISING ESA Project Review and Planning Meeting, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 11-12 September 2019.
This document discusses research efforts to increase cassava productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa for food security and potential biofuel applications. It outlines cassava production in Nigeria, progress in cassava breeding for higher yields and disease resistance, and opportunities to close the yield gap. Future directions include assessing biofuel technologies, identifying appropriate biofuel targets, and capitalizing on cassava trait diversity through breeding while prioritizing food and industrial uses in SSA. International research networks can help optimize investments in cassava research.
Integrating livestock into agricultural systems for increased livestock produ...ILRI
Poster prepared by Ben Lukuyu, Kevin Maina, Leonard Marwa, Alphonce Haule and Mateete Bekunda for the Tropentag 2020: Food and Nutrition Security and its Resilience to Global Crises, Virtual Conference, 9–11 September 2020
Genetically improved rohu for sustainable aquacultureB. BHASKAR
Genetically improved rohu called "Jayanti" has been developed through selective breeding at ICAR-CIFA in India for higher growth. Jayanti rohu shows 18% greater growth per generation and 50% higher economic gains for farmers. It reaches market size two months faster than local stocks. Multiplier units produce Jayanti rohu seed which is then disseminated to farmers in 16 states, benefiting small farmers and increasing fish production. Proper management practices are needed to realize Jayanti rohu's full growth potential.
Assessing knowledge, attitude, and practices and small-scale commercial feed ...ILRI
Presented by Ben Lukuyu, Stella Namazzi, Pius Lutakome and Emily Ouma at the Tropentag 2021―Towards shifting paradigms in agriculture for a healthy and sustainable future, 15-17 September 2021
A comparative analysis of Pasture Farming based Dairy production in Northern ...Nviiri Geofrey
Full research paper presented in the COVAB scientific conference Between 18th-19 July 2015.The research was carried out in Northern Uganda Under the supervision of Director of Research Ngetta Zonal Agricultural and development Institute (NGETTA ZARDI).
GPB 311: Wheat- Centre of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives and major breeding objectives and procedures for development of varieties and hybrids for improvement yield, adoptability, stability, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and quality in Wheat
Presentation by Dr Rebbie Harawa from AGRA, at the Regional planning meeting on ‘Scaling-Up Climate-Smart Agricultural Solutions for Cereals and Livestock Farmers in Southern Africa – Building partnership for successful implementation’,13–15 September 2016, Johannesburg, South Africa
ICRISAT Nigeria research and development activities in sorghum and groundnutICRISAT
ICRISAT is conducting research and development activities on sorghum and groundnut in Nigeria in collaboration with national partners. For sorghum, they are assessing testcrosses to develop hybrid parents, developing open-pollinated varieties with farmer and market preferred traits, and collecting and characterizing local landraces. On-farm sorghum yields have increased from 1 t/ha in 2011 to over 2.3 t/ha currently across 13 states. For groundnut, they are improving local landraces for resistance to diseases and drought, conducting hybridization, evaluating optimal plant populations, introducing dry season cultivation, and addressing aflatoxin concerns through testing and training.
1. Quality protein maize (QPM) is a variety of maize developed in the 1990s to help reduce malnutrition by having higher amounts of two essential amino acids.
2. QPM looks and grows like normal maize but has superior nutritional content. It has been released in at least 17 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.
3. While QPM can help improve nutrition, it faces limitations as it is indistinguishable from normal maize and cross-pollination can dilute its traits. Promotional activities are important for adoption.
Sustainable intensification of low-input agriculture systems in the Eastern P...africa-rising
Presented by Christian Thierfelder, Peter Setimela and Munyaradzi Mutenje (CIMMYT) at the Africa RISING Eastern Province of Zambia Project Review and End-of-Project Meeting, Lusaka, Zambia, 7–8 September 2017
Genetic improvement of cashew is important to increase yields, resistance to diseases and pests, and adaptability to different environmental conditions. The key methods of genetic improvement discussed are controlling the mating system through techniques like cross-pollination and hybridization to generate genetic variability, followed by selection of desirable traits through artificial and natural selection. Selection criteria important for cashew include increased yield, tolerance to diseases and pests, and improved fruit quality. Sri Lanka has introduced several improved cashew varieties developed through these genetic improvement methods that have higher yields and other desirable traits compared to traditional varieties.
This document provides information about genetically modified wheat. It summarizes the development of Roundup Ready wheat by Monsanto, which was engineered to be resistant to glyphosate herbicide. The document details the genetic constructs and transformation methods used, as well as compositional analyses showing the GM wheat is substantially equivalent to non-GM wheat. It also discusses issues like contamination incidents and opinions on commercializing GM wheat.
Presentation by Michael Blummel at the 2012 Agriculture and Rural Development Day (ARDD) in Rio de Janiero, Learning Event No. 3, Session 2: Key Findings from Research Aimed at Enhancing the Feed Value of Crop Residues through Multi-Dimensional Crop Improvement. http://www.agricultureday.org
This document summarizes the participatory evaluation of vitamin-A biofortified maize varieties in Zambia. Farmers evaluated new orange maize varieties for production and consumption characteristics and expressed willingness to pay for the seeds. For production, orange varieties had higher yields and cob filling than white varieties. For consumption, orange maize was rated superior for aroma and taste in the two major preparations. Farmers' willingness to pay for orange seeds was higher than for conventional white seeds. The evaluation concluded orange varieties were well-received but indicated larger representative surveys were needed to validate the results.
This document discusses using the Farm DESIGN modeling tool to explore options for sustainable intensification in Africa. It presents a case study applying Farm DESIGN in Zambia. Farm DESIGN allows analysis of tradeoffs between productivity and environmental outcomes on farms. In Zambia, farms were characterized into 5 types. Farm DESIGN was used to evaluate alternatives for each type, identifying entry points like introducing soybean, cowpea or better residue management. It found Farm DESIGN useful for assessing tradeoffs between objectives and generating insights into pathways to sustainable intensification tailored to farm types.
Delivering climbing and drought tolerant bush beans in different soil health ...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Rowland Chirwa, Gift Ndengu, Powell Mponela, Lulsegad Desta and Regis Chikowo for the Africa RISING ESA Project Review and Planning Meeting, Lilongwe, Malawi, 3–5 October 2018.
Similar to Quality protein maize—Bridging the malnutrition gap (20)
Africa RISING project implementation and contribution in Ethiopia. Presented at Africa RISING close-out event.
24-25 January 2023
ILRI campus- Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
The document summarizes a field visit by Africa RISING CGIAR partners to sites in Ethiopia where they are implementing their new SI-MFS initiative. It describes some innovative farmers in the Lemo and Doyogena districts who have adopted integrated crop-livestock-NRM practices promoted by Africa RISING, including using protein-rich legume fodder trees, energy-rich grasses, and soil and water conservation practices. It also highlights the challenges of water shortage and disease, and the potential for the new SI-MFS initiative to build on the success stories and learning from Africa RISING farmers.
This document summarizes planned and ongoing agricultural research activities and studies in the Ethiopian highlands for 2022. It discusses field activities related to livestock feed and forage development as well as crop varietal selection. It also outlines planned, ongoing, and completed studies on topics like gender and scaling assessments. The document notes legacy products to be developed and capacity building efforts. It describes plans to broadcast livestock innovations through local radio and concludes with noting the planned closure of the Africa Research project in Ethiopia in early 2023.
Haimanot Seifu provided a communications update on the Africa RISING program in the Ethiopian Highlands. Key activities before the program ends this year include producing extension manuals, policy briefs, a special journal issue, and a photo book. Surveys are also ongoing regarding gender, monitoring impacts, spillover effects, and scaling. Africa RISING is partnering with AICCRA on workshops, surveys, training modules, and broadcasting feed and forage technologies on local radio stations. A new initiative called SI-MFS involving mixed farming systems in 6 countries was also launched in May to run initially for 3 years from 2022-2024. Support is needed from CKM for legacy products, facilitating
Technique de compostage des tiges de cotonnier au Mali-Sudafrica-rising
Poster prepared by Moumini Guindo, Bouba Traoré, Birhanu Zemadim Birhanu, and Alou Coulibaly for the 13th Symposium of the Malian Society of Applied Sciences (MSAS), 01 July – 05 August 2022.
Flux des nutriments (N, P, K) des resources organiques dans les exploitations...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Moumini Guindo, Bouba Traoré, Birhanu Zemadim Birhanu, and Alou Coulibaly for the 13th Symposium of the Malian Society of Applied Sciences (MSAS), 01 July 1 – 05 August 2022.
The Africa RISING project in Ethiopia's highlands had the goals of improving food security, gender equality, nutrition, income, and capacity building through sustainable intensification research from 2012-2022. It worked in four regions, implementing tested interventions like improved crops, fertilizers, and mechanization. Over 360,000 households directly benefited from validated technologies in phase two, while over 30,000 people participated in training. The project supported graduate students, published research, and faced challenges like COVID-19 and funding issues before planning its exit strategies.
Eliciting willingness to pay for quality maize and beans: Evidence from exper...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Julius Manda, Adane Tufa, Christopher Mutungi, Arega Alene, Victor Manyong and Tahirou Abdoulaye for the IITA Social Science Group Virtual Meeting, 7 December 2021.
The woman has no right to sell livestock: The role of gender norms in Norther...africa-rising
Presented by Kipo Jimah and Gundula Fischer (IITA) at the virtual conference on Cultivating Equality: Advancing Gender Research in Agriculture and Food Systems, 12-15 October 2021
This document summarizes two assessments conducted by Africa RISING on sustainable intensification and return on investment from 2011-2020. It finds that:
1) The total value of direct benefits to farmers was $74.6 million, while the total project cost was $15.9 million, resulting in a return on investment of 469%.
2) An assessment of progress towards sustainable intensification analyzed households by total production per hectare and compared indicators across five domains. It found that more intensified households showed improved scores in agricultural production, economics, environment, human welfare, and social indicators.
3) A focus on assessments at the woreda (district) level provided insights into differences between communities and guidance for
The document summarizes the results of a nutrition assessment study and lessons learned from it. The study aimed to identify how Africa RISING interventions contributed to household nutrition. It used a qualitative research approach with key informant interviews and focus group discussions in Ethiopia. The results showed that the interventions helped to produce and consume a more diverse and nutritious diet, generate income, and improve knowledge of food production and preparation. However, diet diversity remained low and certain nutrient-rich foods were still limited. Key lessons were that technical nutrition support needs frequent follow-ups, and engaging community leaders and husbands is important for influencing mothers' nutrition practices.
The document discusses plans for scaling assessment of Africa RISING interventions. It notes that Africa RISING's second phase focused on scaling approaches through recruiting scaling partners, training of trainers, multi-stakeholder meetings, and research backstopping. The assessment aims to document scaling practices, identify areas for increased support, and develop an exit strategy as the program period concludes. It will use ILRI's scaling framework over six months to provide a technical report and scientific paper.
This document summarizes a presentation on conducting on-farm trials at scale using crowdsourcing. It discusses the benefits and challenges of traditional on-farm trials, and proposes a solution using digital platforms and farmer participation. Farmers would receive random combinations of varieties to test on their own farms and provide rankings. Data would be collected and analyzed to provide feedback to farmers. The approach aims to increase representation while reducing costs compared to traditional on-farm trials. It outlines 10 steps for implementation, including defining varieties, designing projects, recruiting farmers, preparing packages, data collection, analysis and discussion.
Contribution of Africa RISING validated technologies, nutrition-education interventions to household nutrition and participatory nutrition-education need assessment with seasonal food availability in Amhara, Oromia and SNNP regions of Ethiopia
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Quality protein maize—Bridging the malnutrition gap
1. This poster is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence.
January 2017
We thank farmers and local partners in Africa RISING sites for their contributions to this research. We also acknowledge
the support of all donors which globally support the work of the CGIAR centers and their partners through their
contributions to the CGIAR system
Quality Protein Maize - bridging the malnutrition gap
Peter Setimela 1, Edmore Gasura2 , Davies Melele3, and Oswell Ndoro1
1CIMMYT, P.O. Box MP 163, Harare, Zimbabwe
2Department of Crop Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
3ZARI, Msekera Research Station, Chipata, Zambia
Key messages
• Maize is the major staple food in Zambia with human
consumption averaging 117 kg capita-1 year-1
• Maize inherently poor in two essential amino acids: tryptophan
and lysine
• Opaque-2 gene conferring high-lysine and tryptophan offers the
hope to bridge the protein
• Only one open pollinated variety QPM Obatanpa was released in
2004
Key results
• Ten elite QPM varieties were selected from on-station trials based
on high grain yield and stability, and were found to be comparable
to the best commercial checks
• The yield genetic gains ranged from 11-40% across the two years,
suggesting effective genetic gains in QPM breeding.
• The genotype plus genotype x environment interaction (GGE)
comparison biplot based on two seasons of testing identified QPM
hybrids CZH132044Q, CZH142238Q and CZH142236Q to be stable
and high yielding.
Objectives and approach
The objective of this study was to evaluate a new generation of QPM
varieties for grain yield and stability based on the site regression
(SREG) model.
Significance and scaling potential
• Zambian smallholders can benefit substantially from QPM because
of the high rates of daily maize intake coupled with low intake of
balanced protein foods containing essential amino acids.
• Seed companies have started to multiple breeders and foundation
seed for scaling up certified seed production.
• The new QPM varieties as competitive as normal maize varieties on-
station and on-farm
Figure 2.Best QPM genotypes mean and
stability
Figure 1. Evaluation QPM varieties
Figure 3. Sale of QPM by smallholder
farmers on the road side