This document discusses the activities and responsible parties required for scaling up biofortification programs. It outlines that population nutritional assessments, breeding targets, cultivar development, efficacy testing, yield and consumer assessments are led by academia. Advocacy, resource mobilization, seed production, social mobilization, training and monitoring involve public, private and civil society sectors. Close coordination is needed across technical disciplines and sectors to ensure the complex operations of biofortification interventions are successfully implemented and evaluated.
1. HarvestPlus has made progress in breeding staple crops like rice, wheat and beans with higher iron and zinc levels through genetic variation.
2. They have established genetic variation, baseline levels, and target levels for increasing micronutrients in crops.
3. Further research is still needed to evaluate the retention of micronutrients during processing, bioavailability to the human body, and efficacy trials to measure impact on nutrition and health.
Biofortification using Underutilized Crops by Binu Cherian, HarvestPlusapaari
Biofortification using Underutilized Crops by Binu Cherian, HarvestPlus - Regional Expert Consultation on Underutilized Crops for Food and Nutritional Security in Asia and the Pacific November 13-15, 2017, Bangkok
Application of biotechnologies in improving the quality of rice and wheatExternalEvents
Application of biotechnologies in improving the quality of rice and wheat presentation by Melissa Fitzgerald, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
Breeding for biofortification in cereals.Ashwani Kumar
Breeding cereals for biofortification can help address widespread micronutrient deficiencies. Variability exists among crop varieties for iron and zinc content. Pearl millet varieties with 10-30% higher iron and zinc have been developed through breeding. For rice, high zinc varieties with 35-40 μg/g zinc in polished grains have been identified. Golden rice has been developed through genetic engineering to produce beta-carotene and address vitamin A deficiency. Wheat breeding draws on wild relatives and landraces to introgress genes for higher iron and zinc into elite varieties. Ongoing biofortification research and new varieties developed through conventional and molecular breeding aim to make staple crops more nutritious.
the third world countries are having the issue of hidden hunger or micronutrient deficiency. harvest plus is a CGIAR initiative with a mission of eradication of hidden hunger by 2020. the biofortification programmes are gaining their pace due to this organization.
This document discusses using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) fast screening technology to support iron and zinc biofortification of potatoes. Calibrations for iron and zinc concentration in potato tubers using XRF were established, showing strong correlations. Training courses in Bangladesh and Rwanda built capacity for nutritional quality evaluation of potatoes, including sampling, sample preparation to avoid contamination, and basics of mineral analysis by XRF. XRF allows high-throughput, low-cost screening of minerals in potatoes to support biofortification programs addressing widespread micronutrient deficiencies.
1. HarvestPlus has made progress in breeding staple crops like rice, wheat and beans with higher iron and zinc levels through genetic variation.
2. They have established genetic variation, baseline levels, and target levels for increasing micronutrients in crops.
3. Further research is still needed to evaluate the retention of micronutrients during processing, bioavailability to the human body, and efficacy trials to measure impact on nutrition and health.
Biofortification using Underutilized Crops by Binu Cherian, HarvestPlusapaari
Biofortification using Underutilized Crops by Binu Cherian, HarvestPlus - Regional Expert Consultation on Underutilized Crops for Food and Nutritional Security in Asia and the Pacific November 13-15, 2017, Bangkok
Application of biotechnologies in improving the quality of rice and wheatExternalEvents
Application of biotechnologies in improving the quality of rice and wheat presentation by Melissa Fitzgerald, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
Breeding for biofortification in cereals.Ashwani Kumar
Breeding cereals for biofortification can help address widespread micronutrient deficiencies. Variability exists among crop varieties for iron and zinc content. Pearl millet varieties with 10-30% higher iron and zinc have been developed through breeding. For rice, high zinc varieties with 35-40 μg/g zinc in polished grains have been identified. Golden rice has been developed through genetic engineering to produce beta-carotene and address vitamin A deficiency. Wheat breeding draws on wild relatives and landraces to introgress genes for higher iron and zinc into elite varieties. Ongoing biofortification research and new varieties developed through conventional and molecular breeding aim to make staple crops more nutritious.
the third world countries are having the issue of hidden hunger or micronutrient deficiency. harvest plus is a CGIAR initiative with a mission of eradication of hidden hunger by 2020. the biofortification programmes are gaining their pace due to this organization.
This document discusses using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) fast screening technology to support iron and zinc biofortification of potatoes. Calibrations for iron and zinc concentration in potato tubers using XRF were established, showing strong correlations. Training courses in Bangladesh and Rwanda built capacity for nutritional quality evaluation of potatoes, including sampling, sample preparation to avoid contamination, and basics of mineral analysis by XRF. XRF allows high-throughput, low-cost screening of minerals in potatoes to support biofortification programs addressing widespread micronutrient deficiencies.
This document discusses biofortification as a process to improve the nutritional value of crops. It defines biofortification and explains the need for it due to widespread micronutrient deficiencies globally. Various strategies are described to biofortify crops through conventional breeding, genetic engineering and other methods. Successful examples of biofortified crops developed for traits like iron, zinc and vitamin A are provided. The document also outlines organizations working on biofortification and future challenges in the field.
This document provides an overview of a seminar on biofortification in wheat. It defines biofortification as breeding crops to increase their nutritional value. It discusses the global problem of micronutrient deficiencies. It then focuses on biofortification efforts in wheat, describing the genetic background and breeding strategies used, such as using wild relatives of wheat with higher zinc and iron levels. The document outlines the inheritance of zinc, iron, and protein in wheat and provides details on the location of these nutrients in wheat grains. It concludes that conventional breeding is a more sustainable approach to reduce micronutrient deficiencies through biofortified wheat.
Biofortification Provitamin A Maize in ZambiaWorldFish
Biofortified orange-fleshed sweet potato was disseminated in Mozambique and Uganda from 2006 to 2009 through the HarvestPlus Reaching End Users project. The project successfully promoted adoption of orange-fleshed sweet potato, with 77% of households in Mozambique and 65% in Uganda adopting the crop. The intervention led to significant increases in vitamin A intake among children and women, due to increased consumption of the biofortified sweet potato.
BIOFORTIFICATION OF STAPLE CROPS: PROVITAMIN A CASSAVA AS A CASE STUDYCosmos Onyiba
Biofortification refers to micronutrient enrichment of staple crops through plant breeding, to address the negative economic and health consequences of vitamin and mineral deficiencies in humans. It is the process of increasing the bioavailable micronutrient density of staple crops through conventional plant breeding and modern biotechnology to achieve a measurable and positive impact on human health.. Currently, agronomic, conventional, and transgenic biofortification are three common approaches. Progress has been made in breeding orange sweetpotato, provitamin A maize, provitamin A cassava, high zinc rice and high zinc wheat, and high iron beans and high iron pearl millet via conventional breeding. Transgenic biofortification is used when genetic variability for vitamin and mineral targets is too low to meet the desired target levels, or for crops that are very difficult to breed, such as banana. The biofortification of cassava with Provitamin A (beta-carotene) was achieved through pure line and hybrid seed technology as well as genetic engineering. The provitamin A carotenoid in biofortified cassava is primarily β-carotene. In white cassava, there may be trace amounts of β-carotene, which may be present in concentrations as low as 1 mg/g fresh weigh or 3 mg/g dry weigh. Due to the instability of beta-carotene, cooking and processing methods can affect the retention of β-carotene in cassava leading to decrease bioavailability and bioefficacy.
M.S. Swaminathan presents: Achieving the Zero Hunger Challenge & the Role of ...Harvest Plus
This document summarizes Prof. M S Swaminathan's keynote address at the 2nd Global Conference on Biofortification. It discusses how biofortification can help achieve the UN's Zero Hunger Challenge goal by 2025. It outlines the challenges of malnutrition in South Asia and Africa. It highlights the role of biofortified crops and varieties in addressing malnutrition. It discusses examples like high-iron pearl millet, zinc-rich rice, and genetically modified Golden Rice. The document emphasizes partnerships between public-private sectors, nutrition literacy, and measurable indicators to ensure the success of biofortification efforts.
The document summarizes a seminar on the role of genetic engineering in crop biofortification. It discusses methods of biofortification including genetic and agronomic approaches. A key example provided is the development of "Golden Rice" through genetic engineering by introducing genes that complete the biosynthesis pathway for beta-carotene, a precursor for vitamin A production. The document also discusses enhancing vitamin E in maize through overexpressing a gene involved in tocotrienol biosynthesis, resulting in large increases in vitamin E content.
“Bio-fortification options/success story - wheat”, presented by Arun Kumar Joshi, CIMMYT at the ReSAKSS-Asia Conference, Nov 14-16, 2011, in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Biofortification is a process of increasing micronutrient levels in crops through plant breeding and agronomic practices. It can help address micronutrient deficiencies that lead to health issues like anemia and stunting. There are two main approaches - genetic biofortification uses conventional breeding to develop nutrient-dense varieties by introducing genes from wild crop relatives; agronomic biofortification enhances soil nutrients to increase micronutrient uptake in crops. Success depends on retaining nutrients during processing and cooking, and sufficient consumption by target populations. Biofortification is a promising strategy to combat hidden hunger in a sustainable and cost-effective manner.
This document provides a summary of a presentation on biofortification. It discusses how over 3 billion people worldwide suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. Biofortification is introduced as a method of breeding crops to increase their nutritional value by increasing mineral and vitamin concentrations. Examples of biofortified crops are given, such as golden rice which has been genetically modified to produce vitamin A. The document also summarizes conventional breeding methods used to develop quality protein maize with higher lysine and tryptophan content. It concludes with information on recent biofortification efforts in India.
This document provides an overview of biofortification as a strategy to address micronutrient deficiencies. It discusses:
- Biofortification is the process of breeding staple crops to naturally contain higher levels of vitamins and minerals through conventional plant breeding techniques.
- Over 30 million farming households have gained access to biofortified staple crops rich in vitamin A, iron, and zinc. Research shows these nutrients in biofortified crops can meet 50-100% of daily needs and improve micronutrient status.
- The process involves developing nutrient-dense crop varieties, testing them in different environments, delivering seeds to farmers, and generating demand among consumers. Over 175 biofortified varieties of 12 crops have
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is major staple food in the world (especially in South and South East Asian countries).
Important staple foods for more than half of the world’s population (IRRI, 2006)
Source of livelihoods and economies of several billion people.
On a global basis, rice varieties provide 21% and 15% per capita of dietary energy and protein, respectively.
About 50% world’s populations depends on rice as their main source of nutrition.
However, rice is a poor source of micronutrients.
Micronutrients deficiency is a global problem contributing to world’s malnutrition and a major public health problem in many countries, especially in regions where people rely on monotonous diets of cereal-based food, as the Zn level or content in the grains of staple crops, such as cereals and legumes, is generally low.
Increasing the Zn content in the grains of these crops is considered a sustainable way to alleviate human Zn deficiency.
Zn deficiency being an important nutrient constraint, any approach to improve Zn uptake and its transport to grains has significant practical relevance.
The concentration and bioavailability of Zn in rice is very low and its consumption alone cannot meet the recommended daily allowance.
To address this problem, a agronomic and genetic approach called Biofortification which aims at enrichment of foodstuffs with vital micronutrients have been evolved and pursed as a potent strategy, internationally.
- Zinc is essential for growth and immune function in children, and zinc supplementation has been shown to improve growth, reduce morbidity, and mortality. However, zinc supplementation programs have low coverage.
- Zinc biofortification of staple crops like rice is a promising strategy to increase zinc intake in developing countries. The study assessed zinc absorption from diets containing conventional or zinc-biofortified rice in Bangladeshi children.
- Using stable isotope tracers, the study found fractional zinc absorption was significantly higher from the conventional rice diet (25.2%) compared to the zinc-biofortified rice diet (19.6%), despite higher total zinc intake from the latter. This suggests zinc biofortification of
HarvestPlus works to develop staple food crops through conventional breeding that are naturally enriched with vitamins and minerals. They have released biofortified cassava, beans, maize, sweet potato, pearl millet, and rice in over 30 countries in Africa and Asia. Studies show these biofortified crops can reduce micronutrient deficiencies, decrease the incidence and duration of diarrhea in children, and reverse iron deficiency. HarvestPlus partners with seed companies, NGOs, governments, financial institutions, and international agencies to mainstream these crops and generate demand, with a goal of reaching one billion people with biofortified foods by 2030.
This presentation discusses biofortification as a strategy to address malnutrition. Biofortification involves breeding staple food crops to increase their micronutrient levels, targeting iron, zinc, and vitamin A. The goal is to reduce micronutrient deficiencies in low-income populations by improving the micronutrient density of staple crops they produce and consume. Selective breeding and fertilizer application can increase crop micronutrient levels. Organizations like HarvestPlus are developing biofortified varieties of crops like cassava, maize, and rice to combat malnutrition in subsistence farming communities. The benefits of biofortification include potentially reaching rural populations with limited access to supplements through a low-cost, sustainable intervention.
This document summarizes a presentation on biofortified vegetables as an option for mitigating hidden hunger. It outlines the nutritional situation globally and importance of micronutrients like vitamin A, zinc, and iron. It defines biofortification as improving crop nutritional quality through breeding or agronomic practices. It discusses advantages of biofortification over fortification and global impact. Target countries and crops released through biofortification programs are outlined. Conventional breeding and genetic engineering methods of biofortification are compared. Examples of biofortified crops like cassava, sweet potato, lentils and beans with increased iron and zinc levels are provided.
Roy 10b comparative analysis and applications of nutritional assessmentSizwan Ahammed
The document discusses various methods for assessing nutritional status and needs of populations, including anthropometric, biochemical, dietary, and food basket menu assessments. Anthropometric assessments measure indicators like weight, height, and skin fold thickness to determine nutritional status. Biochemical tests diagnose micronutrient deficiencies by measuring levels of nutrients like iron, vitamin A, and iodine. Dietary assessments evaluate food intake and nutrient adequacy through food recall surveys or dietary diversity scores. Food basket menu assessments ensure optimal food distribution and nutrition in emergency settings. Combined assessments inform appropriate action by identifying problems, evaluating programs, and influencing policies.
The document discusses a proposal to address micronutrient malnutrition in Peru through a rice fortification program implemented in partnership with the Foundation for Social Innovation (F4SI) and the Peruvian government. The plan involves six initiatives over 18 months to conduct clinical trials of fortified rice, engage the public and private sectors, manage the supply chain and quality, conduct monitoring and evaluation, and implement social marketing. The goal is to expand access to fortified rice, particularly through school lunch programs, to significantly reduce undernourishment among children. Political support and institutionalizing the program are seen as key to the long-term success and sustainability of impacts.
This document discusses biofortification as a process to improve the nutritional value of crops. It defines biofortification and explains the need for it due to widespread micronutrient deficiencies globally. Various strategies are described to biofortify crops through conventional breeding, genetic engineering and other methods. Successful examples of biofortified crops developed for traits like iron, zinc and vitamin A are provided. The document also outlines organizations working on biofortification and future challenges in the field.
This document provides an overview of a seminar on biofortification in wheat. It defines biofortification as breeding crops to increase their nutritional value. It discusses the global problem of micronutrient deficiencies. It then focuses on biofortification efforts in wheat, describing the genetic background and breeding strategies used, such as using wild relatives of wheat with higher zinc and iron levels. The document outlines the inheritance of zinc, iron, and protein in wheat and provides details on the location of these nutrients in wheat grains. It concludes that conventional breeding is a more sustainable approach to reduce micronutrient deficiencies through biofortified wheat.
Biofortification Provitamin A Maize in ZambiaWorldFish
Biofortified orange-fleshed sweet potato was disseminated in Mozambique and Uganda from 2006 to 2009 through the HarvestPlus Reaching End Users project. The project successfully promoted adoption of orange-fleshed sweet potato, with 77% of households in Mozambique and 65% in Uganda adopting the crop. The intervention led to significant increases in vitamin A intake among children and women, due to increased consumption of the biofortified sweet potato.
BIOFORTIFICATION OF STAPLE CROPS: PROVITAMIN A CASSAVA AS A CASE STUDYCosmos Onyiba
Biofortification refers to micronutrient enrichment of staple crops through plant breeding, to address the negative economic and health consequences of vitamin and mineral deficiencies in humans. It is the process of increasing the bioavailable micronutrient density of staple crops through conventional plant breeding and modern biotechnology to achieve a measurable and positive impact on human health.. Currently, agronomic, conventional, and transgenic biofortification are three common approaches. Progress has been made in breeding orange sweetpotato, provitamin A maize, provitamin A cassava, high zinc rice and high zinc wheat, and high iron beans and high iron pearl millet via conventional breeding. Transgenic biofortification is used when genetic variability for vitamin and mineral targets is too low to meet the desired target levels, or for crops that are very difficult to breed, such as banana. The biofortification of cassava with Provitamin A (beta-carotene) was achieved through pure line and hybrid seed technology as well as genetic engineering. The provitamin A carotenoid in biofortified cassava is primarily β-carotene. In white cassava, there may be trace amounts of β-carotene, which may be present in concentrations as low as 1 mg/g fresh weigh or 3 mg/g dry weigh. Due to the instability of beta-carotene, cooking and processing methods can affect the retention of β-carotene in cassava leading to decrease bioavailability and bioefficacy.
M.S. Swaminathan presents: Achieving the Zero Hunger Challenge & the Role of ...Harvest Plus
This document summarizes Prof. M S Swaminathan's keynote address at the 2nd Global Conference on Biofortification. It discusses how biofortification can help achieve the UN's Zero Hunger Challenge goal by 2025. It outlines the challenges of malnutrition in South Asia and Africa. It highlights the role of biofortified crops and varieties in addressing malnutrition. It discusses examples like high-iron pearl millet, zinc-rich rice, and genetically modified Golden Rice. The document emphasizes partnerships between public-private sectors, nutrition literacy, and measurable indicators to ensure the success of biofortification efforts.
The document summarizes a seminar on the role of genetic engineering in crop biofortification. It discusses methods of biofortification including genetic and agronomic approaches. A key example provided is the development of "Golden Rice" through genetic engineering by introducing genes that complete the biosynthesis pathway for beta-carotene, a precursor for vitamin A production. The document also discusses enhancing vitamin E in maize through overexpressing a gene involved in tocotrienol biosynthesis, resulting in large increases in vitamin E content.
“Bio-fortification options/success story - wheat”, presented by Arun Kumar Joshi, CIMMYT at the ReSAKSS-Asia Conference, Nov 14-16, 2011, in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Biofortification is a process of increasing micronutrient levels in crops through plant breeding and agronomic practices. It can help address micronutrient deficiencies that lead to health issues like anemia and stunting. There are two main approaches - genetic biofortification uses conventional breeding to develop nutrient-dense varieties by introducing genes from wild crop relatives; agronomic biofortification enhances soil nutrients to increase micronutrient uptake in crops. Success depends on retaining nutrients during processing and cooking, and sufficient consumption by target populations. Biofortification is a promising strategy to combat hidden hunger in a sustainable and cost-effective manner.
This document provides a summary of a presentation on biofortification. It discusses how over 3 billion people worldwide suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. Biofortification is introduced as a method of breeding crops to increase their nutritional value by increasing mineral and vitamin concentrations. Examples of biofortified crops are given, such as golden rice which has been genetically modified to produce vitamin A. The document also summarizes conventional breeding methods used to develop quality protein maize with higher lysine and tryptophan content. It concludes with information on recent biofortification efforts in India.
This document provides an overview of biofortification as a strategy to address micronutrient deficiencies. It discusses:
- Biofortification is the process of breeding staple crops to naturally contain higher levels of vitamins and minerals through conventional plant breeding techniques.
- Over 30 million farming households have gained access to biofortified staple crops rich in vitamin A, iron, and zinc. Research shows these nutrients in biofortified crops can meet 50-100% of daily needs and improve micronutrient status.
- The process involves developing nutrient-dense crop varieties, testing them in different environments, delivering seeds to farmers, and generating demand among consumers. Over 175 biofortified varieties of 12 crops have
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is major staple food in the world (especially in South and South East Asian countries).
Important staple foods for more than half of the world’s population (IRRI, 2006)
Source of livelihoods and economies of several billion people.
On a global basis, rice varieties provide 21% and 15% per capita of dietary energy and protein, respectively.
About 50% world’s populations depends on rice as their main source of nutrition.
However, rice is a poor source of micronutrients.
Micronutrients deficiency is a global problem contributing to world’s malnutrition and a major public health problem in many countries, especially in regions where people rely on monotonous diets of cereal-based food, as the Zn level or content in the grains of staple crops, such as cereals and legumes, is generally low.
Increasing the Zn content in the grains of these crops is considered a sustainable way to alleviate human Zn deficiency.
Zn deficiency being an important nutrient constraint, any approach to improve Zn uptake and its transport to grains has significant practical relevance.
The concentration and bioavailability of Zn in rice is very low and its consumption alone cannot meet the recommended daily allowance.
To address this problem, a agronomic and genetic approach called Biofortification which aims at enrichment of foodstuffs with vital micronutrients have been evolved and pursed as a potent strategy, internationally.
- Zinc is essential for growth and immune function in children, and zinc supplementation has been shown to improve growth, reduce morbidity, and mortality. However, zinc supplementation programs have low coverage.
- Zinc biofortification of staple crops like rice is a promising strategy to increase zinc intake in developing countries. The study assessed zinc absorption from diets containing conventional or zinc-biofortified rice in Bangladeshi children.
- Using stable isotope tracers, the study found fractional zinc absorption was significantly higher from the conventional rice diet (25.2%) compared to the zinc-biofortified rice diet (19.6%), despite higher total zinc intake from the latter. This suggests zinc biofortification of
HarvestPlus works to develop staple food crops through conventional breeding that are naturally enriched with vitamins and minerals. They have released biofortified cassava, beans, maize, sweet potato, pearl millet, and rice in over 30 countries in Africa and Asia. Studies show these biofortified crops can reduce micronutrient deficiencies, decrease the incidence and duration of diarrhea in children, and reverse iron deficiency. HarvestPlus partners with seed companies, NGOs, governments, financial institutions, and international agencies to mainstream these crops and generate demand, with a goal of reaching one billion people with biofortified foods by 2030.
This presentation discusses biofortification as a strategy to address malnutrition. Biofortification involves breeding staple food crops to increase their micronutrient levels, targeting iron, zinc, and vitamin A. The goal is to reduce micronutrient deficiencies in low-income populations by improving the micronutrient density of staple crops they produce and consume. Selective breeding and fertilizer application can increase crop micronutrient levels. Organizations like HarvestPlus are developing biofortified varieties of crops like cassava, maize, and rice to combat malnutrition in subsistence farming communities. The benefits of biofortification include potentially reaching rural populations with limited access to supplements through a low-cost, sustainable intervention.
This document summarizes a presentation on biofortified vegetables as an option for mitigating hidden hunger. It outlines the nutritional situation globally and importance of micronutrients like vitamin A, zinc, and iron. It defines biofortification as improving crop nutritional quality through breeding or agronomic practices. It discusses advantages of biofortification over fortification and global impact. Target countries and crops released through biofortification programs are outlined. Conventional breeding and genetic engineering methods of biofortification are compared. Examples of biofortified crops like cassava, sweet potato, lentils and beans with increased iron and zinc levels are provided.
Roy 10b comparative analysis and applications of nutritional assessmentSizwan Ahammed
The document discusses various methods for assessing nutritional status and needs of populations, including anthropometric, biochemical, dietary, and food basket menu assessments. Anthropometric assessments measure indicators like weight, height, and skin fold thickness to determine nutritional status. Biochemical tests diagnose micronutrient deficiencies by measuring levels of nutrients like iron, vitamin A, and iodine. Dietary assessments evaluate food intake and nutrient adequacy through food recall surveys or dietary diversity scores. Food basket menu assessments ensure optimal food distribution and nutrition in emergency settings. Combined assessments inform appropriate action by identifying problems, evaluating programs, and influencing policies.
The document discusses a proposal to address micronutrient malnutrition in Peru through a rice fortification program implemented in partnership with the Foundation for Social Innovation (F4SI) and the Peruvian government. The plan involves six initiatives over 18 months to conduct clinical trials of fortified rice, engage the public and private sectors, manage the supply chain and quality, conduct monitoring and evaluation, and implement social marketing. The goal is to expand access to fortified rice, particularly through school lunch programs, to significantly reduce undernourishment among children. Political support and institutionalizing the program are seen as key to the long-term success and sustainability of impacts.
This document provides an overview of Microba, a leading microbial genomics company that offers predictive diagnostics and therapeutics based on gut microbiome testing. Microba uses metagenomic sequencing to provide more accurate and detailed microbiome profiling than previous methods. Their modular platform includes at-home sample collection, online reporting of results with personalized recommendations, and telehealth support services. The document highlights several applications of Microba's platform and discusses partnerships with other companies to deliver customized microbiome testing solutions internationally.
Day 1- Module 1- CIP2 and NPAN2 _harmonization.pptxSamapanChakma1
The document discusses harmonizing Bangladesh's Second National Plan of Action for Nutrition (NPAN2) and Second Country Investment Plan (CIP2). It notes that both plans were developed through participatory processes, have common stakeholders and timelines, and are aligned with national and international commitments. The plans have common overall goals, objectives, indicators and monitoring frameworks focused on ensuring healthy diets and nutrition. Key areas of alignment between the plans include investments in nutrition-sensitive agriculture, food safety and transformation, dietary diversity and consumption, nutrition education, and social protection programs. Harmonizing the two plans will help fill financial gaps, mobilize resources, and ensure complementary actions to improve food and nutrition security in Bangladesh.
This document summarizes presentations from the First Global Conference on Biofortification. It discusses research presenting evidence on the bioconversion and effectiveness of provitamin A carotenoids from biofortified staple crops. It also examines gaps and constraints in demonstrating efficacy, and strategies for optimizing delivery and community acceptance of biofortified crops. Finally, it addresses progress and challenges in iron and zinc biofortification, and the need for further research to demonstrate efficacy and improved absorption.
A coherent approach: effective policy actions for fruits and vegetables throughout the NOURISHING framework.
Bryony Sinclair
Policy and Public Affairs Manager
World Cancer Research Fund International
This document outlines the various agencies within the USDA that have expertise in nutrition, including the National Institutes of Food and Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Economic Research Service, and Food and Nutrition Services. It discusses the research objectives of NIFA, focusing on areas like climate change, bioenergy, food safety, nutrition and childhood obesity, and global food security. The challenges of micronutrient deficiencies and obesity globally are also summarized. The proposed structure of NIFA includes institutes focused on international programs, youth development, food safety and nutrition, bioenergy and the environment, and food production sustainability. Specific objectives for childhood obesity prevention through 2010 are listed.
This document outlines the various agencies within the USDA that have expertise in nutrition, including the National Institutes of Food and Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Economic Research Service, and Food and Nutrition Services. It discusses the research objectives of NIFA, focusing on areas like climate change, bioenergy, food safety, nutrition and childhood obesity, and global food security. It proposes a structure for NIFA with institutes focusing on international programs, youth development, food safety and nutrition, bioenergy and the environment, and food production sustainability. Specific objectives for childhood obesity prevention through 2010 are outlined.
1) The document analyzes the effectiveness of Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Days (VHSND) in two blocks in Rohtas district.
2) It assessed different components of VHSND like updating due lists and registers, counseling on family planning and complementary feeding, and found that most improved after a pilot project but some gaps remained.
3) Suggestions included providing more training to frontline workers, mobilizing communities, decentralizing work, and focusing more on sanitation, nutrition, and health education.
The CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH) hosted a side discussion at the 6th African Nutrition Epidemiology Conference (ANEC) in Ghana in July 2014. The event explored the role nutrition networks could play in nutrition-sensitive development, particularly related to agriculture. *Presentation provided by the African Centre for Food Security (ACFS) and the University of Kwazulu-Natal.
Children’s diets, nutrition knowledge and access to marketsessp2
This study examines the impact of improved nutrition knowledge on children's diets in Ethiopia and whether this impact varies depending on access to food markets. The study finds that improving nutrition knowledge leads to more diverse children's diets, but only in areas with relatively good market access. The results suggest that to improve children's diets in Ethiopia, policymakers need to address both demand-side constraints like nutrition knowledge as well as supply-side constraints like ensuring access to foods, which is more difficult to achieve. In remote areas with poor market access, households may need to diversify their own production in the short-term.
Current strategies for stunting reduction in the light of emerging evidence o...Francois Stepman
Habiba Hassan-Wassef, MD
National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
1-5 October 2018. Addis Abeba. The 8th Africa Nutritional Epidemiology Conference (ANEC VIII 2018)
Does nutrition education improve complementary feeding practices and mothers nutrition knowledge? A case study of Western Kenya presented by Jacqueline Kipkorir PhD Student,, Kenyatta University
Find out more about this research:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/news/detail/improving-nutrition-through-local-agricultural-biodiversity-in-kenya/
This project implemented a food insecurity screening survey in a clinical setting serving low-income adults with diabetes. The goals were to improve provider and staff knowledge of food insecurity, standardize a screening protocol, and increase the number of patients screened and receiving nutrition counseling. After providing education to staff, the percentage of at-risk patients screened for food insecurity increased from 0% at baseline to over 70% after three months. Most screened patients were identified as food insecure. The project demonstrated how screening and addressing this social risk factor can help improve diabetes outcomes.
Professor of Population Nutrition and Global Health University of Auckland, Boyd Swinburn's presentation to the Food Foundation, 10/02/2016.
Audio: https://goo.gl/WMFWhp
More info: http://foodfoundation.org.uk/blog/
This document discusses solutions for undernutrition in elderly patients in healthcare settings. It presents a new food concept that aims to:
1) Allow patients to choose foods they enjoy to improve intake and adherence.
2) Provide foods enriched with protein to meet nutritional needs.
3) Distribute protein intake throughout the day with protein-rich options for meals and snacks.
Research showed the new concept successfully increased protein intake compared to standard diets. Interviews found patients were unaware of undernutrition risks and importance of protein. Enriched familiar foods that fit preferences were better accepted than nutritional supplements.
This document summarizes the objectives and activities of the "Feed for Health: A Best Practice COST Action" network. The network aims to [1] develop collaboration around research on the role of feed and animal nutrition in animal and human health, and [2] examine consumer perceptions of how feed production impacts food quality, safety, and health. It establishes four working groups focusing on feed and food for health, feed supply, feed safety, and consumer concerns. The groups facilitate research sharing in areas like nutrient supplementation to optimize animal health and food nutrition quality and safety. Over its duration, the network held various events, published over 270 papers and books, and established over 30 additional collaborative projects, demonstrating its success in integrating research on this
Agriculture is important for addressing malnutrition as it provides both food and income security. Official development assistance to agriculture declined significantly from 1980 to 2005, representing lost opportunities. However, opportunities remain through changing policies and programs to increase agricultural productivity and returns to help reduce malnutrition. Going forward, evidence-based approaches are needed to achieve results in improving nutrition through agriculture.
Shenggen Fan discusses the link between agriculture and nutrition, noting that agricultural growth can increase incomes, diversify diets, lower food prices, and generate government revenue for nutrition programs. Biofortification is highlighted as a sustainable and cost-effective way to improve micronutrient levels in staple crops. The composition and patterns of agricultural growth matter for nutrition outcomes. Priorities and sequencing of interventions need to vary by country and region. National accountability and coordination across sectors are key. The conference aims to strengthen linkages between agriculture, nutrition and health by identifying best practices and building consensus on priorities.
1. Marketing products with invisible traits like nutrients requires generating consumer belief and trust through branding and communication over time.
2. When marketing to low-income consumers, ensuring food and income security is key to increasing adoption of biofortified crops. Education about the link between food and health is also important.
3. Successful marketing involves three stages: brand development to identify consumer aspirations, a brand strategy to position the product, and brand activation through promotion and communication strategies.
Biofortification of food crops with provitamin A carotenoids shows promise to help address vitamin A deficiency. Several factors influence the bioefficacy of provitamin A carotenoids, including the species of carotenoid, host-related factors like genetic variations and other nutrient status, and effectors like fat intake. Relative amounts of carotenoids consumed and matrix factors like resistant starch also impact bioconversion of carotenoids to vitamin A. Studies on biofortified maize, cassava, and sweet potato demonstrate their effectiveness at improving vitamin A status compared to typical varieties.
This document discusses using biofortified crops to combat vitamin A deficiency through community intervention studies. It recommends conducting large-scale studies that provide biofortified staples like Golden Rice and yellow maize daily to children in need, to directly assess their impact on vitamin A status. The document outlines steps for choosing locations, gaining community support, properly conducting the studies, and evaluating efficacy.
This document discusses zinc deficiency in Indian soils and its effects. It finds that about 50% of Indian soil samples are deficient in zinc. Zinc deficiency reduces crop yields and nutrient use efficiency. It estimates that zinc deficiency results in over 9 million tons of lost cereal production annually in India worth over $2.2 billion. Addressing zinc deficiency through fertilization could provide over $1.5 billion in economic benefits annually along with reducing malnutrition. The document also examines zinc levels in different crop varieties and their enrichment through fertilization.
This document discusses the delivery of orange maize in Zambia. It notes that most farmers in Zambia are small-scale farmers on plots less than 2 hectares. It also provides background information on Zambia's climate, agricultural land area, number of farmers, and current maize production and consumption. The document recommends fast tracking testing and release of orange maize varieties, engaging partners, bulking seed, entering the roasted maize market, developing an orange maize nutrition brand, and promoting this brand for school feeding and under-five nutrition programs.
This document summarizes a study on consumer acceptance of biofortified orange maize in rural Zambia. The study found that consumers showed low acceptance of yellow maize but no difference in acceptance of orange versus white maize. Providing nutrition information about orange maize's vitamin A content led to greater acceptance of orange maize and a premium on its price compared to white maize. The study tested different approaches to providing nutrition information and locations for testing consumer preferences, finding few differences in outcomes between the approaches.
This document discusses selenium (Se) deficiency in human populations and strategies for agronomic biofortification of staple crops to increase Se intake. It notes that Se deficiency can cause diseases and that intake requirements vary by individual. Agronomic biofortification trials adding selenate fertilizer have successfully increased the Se content of wheat, maize, cassava and other crops without affecting yields. Larger-scale trials are still needed to determine if this approach can meaningfully improve human health. Key challenges include low nutrient conversion efficiency from soil to grain and identifying sustainable application methods.
1) An integrated delivery system involving agriculture, nutrition education, and marketing is needed to effectively deliver biofortified orange-fleshed sweetpotato and improve vitamin A intake.
2) Pilot projects in several African countries found that community nutrition education combined with increased sweetpotato production led to significantly higher vitamin A intake among young children.
3) Sustained adoption requires developing reliable sweetpotato vine supply systems, building demand through promotion, and investing in marketing, though effects are longer term.
The document discusses including biofortification in Uganda's national agricultural development strategies. It notes that Uganda's constitution and food and nutrition policy recognize the importance of food and nutrition, including promoting food fortification. The strategy proposed takes a multi-pronged approach, working with stakeholders on advocacy, sensitization, market development, product development, nutrition education, marketing, awareness campaigns, promotion strategies, capacity building, participatory breeding, and integrated crop management.
This document discusses regional plans for biofortification in Africa. It outlines the Framework for African Food Security which aims to increase resilience through decreasing food insecurity and linking vulnerable people to agricultural opportunities. The plans focus on improved risk management, increased and more affordable food production, economic opportunities, and diversified, more nutritious diets. Regional coordination is seen as key through high-level political support, shared priorities and accountability, and incentives for private sector investment in nutrition-sensitive value chains. Information sharing and advocacy are also emphasized to address preferences and overcome constraints such as facilitating trade of biofortified crops. Partnerships between organizations are proposed to advocate for and analyze impacts of biofortification at regional and national levels.
1. Evidence shows that orange-fleshed sweet potatoes effectively improve vitamin A status in preschool children. Further evidence is still needed on the efficacy of other biofortified staple crops like maize, cassava and golden rice in populations at risk of deficiency.
2. Careful selection of target groups and indicators of vitamin A status are important to demonstrate efficacy or effectiveness of biofortified foods.
3. Targeting lactating women may be advantageous because changes in their breastmilk vitamin A levels could benefit breastfed infants and milk vitamin A responds sensitively to maternal intake of biofortified foods.
This document discusses the challenges of measuring the effectiveness of iron and zinc biofortification interventions. It notes that demonstrating improvements in iron and zinc status is difficult due to low concentrations in biofortified crops, reduced nutrient levels after processing, and low bioavailability from plant-based diets. Additional challenges include a lack of sensitive biomarkers, confounding environmental factors, and constraints assessing bioavailability. The document advocates expanding the scope of efficacy studies to better inform effectiveness evaluations and determining reasonable expectations for biofortification responses and timelines to observe impacts.
This document discusses agronomic practices that can reduce the accumulation of non-nutritive elements like cadmium and arsenic in food crops. It notes that rice is a major source of cadmium and inorganic arsenic in diets. Genetic variability exists between crop cultivars in uptake of these elements. Water management, fertilizer use, and soil characteristics can all affect cadmium and arsenic concentrations in crops. Phosphate fertilizer can both increase and decrease arsenic availability depending on conditions. Careful management of irrigation, fertilizers, and cultivar selection can help lower harmful element levels in staple crops like rice and wheat.
1. Selenium is an essential antioxidant nutrient that is present in foods in different forms with varying bioavailability and interactions with other compounds.
2. Studies show that increasing selenium levels in broccoli through fertilization decreases the plant's content of beneficial antioxidants like sulforaphane, and that the different forms of selenium from foods like broccoli and meat are incorporated into the body differently.
3. There are complex interactions between selenium, sulforaphane, and other compounds in regulating antioxidant enzymes, with higher induction occurring through combined effects rather than single nutrients alone.
Vistive Gold and Soymega soybean oils developed through biotechnology can help improve human nutrition and public health. Vistive Gold soybean oil is high in monounsaturated fat and low in saturated and polyunsaturated fat, allowing it to replace partially hydrogenated oils and reduce trans fat intake. Soymega soybean oil contains stearidonic acid which clinical trials show converts to heart-healthy EPA in the body. These novel soybean oils can help people meet dietary guidelines to reduce saturated fat and increase omega-3 intake in a sustainable way.
1) Zinc and iron deficiencies affect approximately 2 billion people globally and are a major cause of malnutrition, particularly in developing countries where cereal-based diets provide most calories.
2) Biofortification through agronomic practices such as fertilization can increase micronutrient concentrations in crops and provide a potentially sustainable solution. Application of zinc-containing fertilizers to the soil and foliage has been shown to reliably increase zinc levels in grains across multiple countries.
3) Foliar application of zinc at different crop growth stages affects the distribution and concentration of zinc deposited in different grain tissues. Higher nitrogen fertilization can also influence grain zinc and iron concentrations.
This study investigated farmers' choices regarding pearl millet varieties in India using survey data from over 4,000 households in Maharashtra and Rajasthan. Key findings include: the most popular varieties in each state, with desi or local varieties dominating in Rajasthan; yield and fodder yield were top priorities for farmers; and social networks were important information sources, more so in Rajasthan where adoption of new varieties was less dynamic. The conclusions recommend more intensive efforts to promote biofortified varieties in Rajasthan compared to Maharashtra.
This document summarizes the progress made on Golden Rice, including:
- Updates on different versions developed (GR1 in 2000, improved GR2 in 2004-2005)
- Progress in developing GR2 events in different rice varieties, selecting lines based on beta-carotene levels and agronomic performance
- Details on the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway added to Golden Rice
- Plans to undergo further development and regulatory approval in countries with high rates of vitamin A deficiency, including field trials, compositional analysis, and consultation with regulatory agencies in the Philippines.
- Outlines timelines for completing nutritional studies and pursuing regulatory approval and farmer/consumer acceptance studies to allow for the potential release of Golden Rice.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
1. Mainstreaming iron and zinc biofortification
programs
Kenneth H Brown
Shawn K Baker
Program in International and Community Nutrition
University of California, Davis
Helen Keller International
5. Perspectives on nutrition intervention programs:
health scientist, policy maker, program manager
Health scientist
Prevalence
Severity
Efficacy of
interventions
Formative research
Operational research
Policy maker
Scientific consensus
Political constituency
Response time
Cost
Program manager
Logistics, finances
Delivery platform
Institutional base
Personnel recruitment,
training & supervision
IEC/BCC
M&E
Industry, agriculture, trade, civil society, …….
6. Steps in scaling up nutrition intervention
programs – advocacy issues
Establish
scientific
consensus
Select
intervention
strategy(ies)
Identify sector(s)
& institutional
base(s) for
program
management
Determine
appropriate
delivery
platform(s)
Conduct advocacy,
establish political
consensus; mobilize
financial resources
Initiate and
monitor
program
7. • Agricultural specialists primarily
responsible for intervention
• Dual targets
– Farmers
– Consumers
• Invisible
Special aspects/challenges of biofortification
programs
8. Activities required for scaling up biofortification
programs, and responsible parties
Activity Discipline Sector
Population nutr assessment Nutrition Academia
9. Activities required for scaling up biofortification
programs, and responsible parties
Activity Discipline Sector
Population nutr assessment Nutrition Academia
Establish breeding targets Nutr, Agr Academia
10. Activities required for scaling up biofortification
programs, and responsible parties
Activity Discipline Sector
Population nutr assessment Nutrition Academia
Establish breeding targets Nutr, Agr Academia
Development, selection of
cultivars
Plant science Academia
11. Activities required for scaling up biofortification
programs, and responsible parties
Activity Discipline Sector
Population nutr assessment Nutrition Academia
Establish breeding targets Nutr, Agr Academia
Development, selection of
cultivars
Plant science Academia
Measure nutrient absorption,
product efficacy
Nutrition Academia
12. Activities required for scaling up biofortification
programs, and responsible parties
Activity Discipline Sector
Population nutr assessment Nutrition Academia
Establish breeding targets Nutr, Agr Academia
Development, selection of
cultivars
Plant science Academia
Measure nutrient absorption,
product efficacy
Nutrition Academia
Assess yields, consumer
acceptance
Agr, marketing Academia
13. Activities required for scaling up biofortification
programs, and responsible parties
Activity Discipline Sector
Population nutr assessment Nutrition Academia
Establish breeding targets Nutr, Agr Academia
Development, selection of
cultivars
Plant science Academia
Measure nutrient absorption,
product efficacy
Nutrition Academia
Assess yields, consumer
acceptance
Agr, marketing Academia
Advocacy, resource mobiliz-
ation
Nutr, Agr,
public admin
Public, CSO
14. Activity Discipline Sector
Produce, distribute seeds Plant science,
commerce
Public, pvt
Activities required for scaling up biofortification
programs, and responsible parties
15. Activity Discipline Sector
Produce, distribute seeds Plant science,
commerce
Public, Pvt
Social mobilization (farmers,
consumers)
Communicat/
mkting, Agr
Public, CSO
Activities required for scaling up biofortification
programs, and responsible parties
16. Activity Discipline Sector
Produce, distribute seeds Plant science,
commerce
Public, Pvt
Social mobilization (farmers,
consumers)
Communicat/
mkting, Agr
Public, CSO
Training, supervision Agr, Nutr Public, Pvt
Activities required for scaling up biofortification
programs, and responsible parties
19. How nutrients in fortified foods reach
young children
Directly via food
Indirectly via
breast milk
20. Krebs et al, AJCN 1995;61:1030-6. Women supplemented with 15 mg zinc per day.
Breast milk zinc concentrations of zinc-
supplemented and control mothers, by infant age
21. Median rice and zinc intakes, Bangladeshi
children and women
Children Women
Rice (g/d) 134 420
Zinc (mg/d) 2.5 5.4
Phytate (mg/d) 272 643
P:Z molar ratio 11.2 12.0
% inadeq zinc* 22% 94%
% zinc from rice 49% 69%
Based on IZiNCG dietary requirements: 2 mg/d, children; 8 mg/d women, considering low
bioavailability
Data from Arsenault J et al, J Nutr, 2010
22. Estimated prevalence of inadequate zinc
intakes by assumed coverage of biofortification
Baseline 15% 35% 70%
Children 22 19 15 9
Women 94 78 40 20
Data from Arsenault J et al, J Nutr, 2010
24. Mean change in plasma zinc concentration (ug/dL),
following 6 months of zinc supplementation or
fortification* among young Peruvian children
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Changeinplasmazincconc
(ug/dL)
Placebo Zn Suppl Zn Fort
b
a
a
P<0.01*
* Zinc supplementation and fortification (wheat porridge)
provided 3 mg additional zinc/d as ZnSO4.
Data from: Brown KH et al. Am J Clin Nutr, 2007.
25. Time line for developing nutrition
intervention programs
Development
of scientific
evidence
Development
of scientific &
political
consensus
Implementation
of pilot
intervention
Modifying,
scaling up
intervention
Monitoring &
evaluation
10-20 yrs
3-5 yrs
26. Conclusions
• Epidemiology of iron and zinc deficiency uncertain
– Information needed!
• Biofortification interventions are extremely complex
operations involving multiple technical disciplines and
both public and private sector agencies
– Coordination essential!
• Biofortification interventions are currently in their very
early stages
– Patience required!
• Uncertainty regarding impact on different target groups
– Evaluation important!
• Potential for broad coverage and sustainability
– They deserve a try!
32. Steps in the development of
biofortification programs
• Population nutritional status assessment
• Establishing plant breeding targets,
producing local cultivars
• Determining nutrient absorption, product
acceptance, efficacy
• Advocacy, resource mobilization
• Social mobilization, BCC (food production
and consumption)
• Monitoring and evaluation
35. Effect of zinc supplementation on change in
mean serum zinc concentration
(n = 30 comparisons; 4,571 children)
Zinc supplementation
produced a significant
increase in mean serum
zinc concentration
Mean effect size = 0.60
(CI = 0.44, 0.77), p<0.001
Data from Brown KH et al,
Food Nutr Bulletin, 2009
37. Change in plasma zinc concentration by
dose of zinc supplement, Ecuador
0 3 7 10
-10
0
10
20
30
Zinc dose (mg/d)
Changeinplasmazinc(ug/dl)
Wuehler S et al, Am J Clin Nutr, 2008
38. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Zinc concentration, Day -7 (ug/dL)
Zincconcentration,Day0(ug/dL) Within-subject comparison of two
measurements of fasting plasma zinc
concentration obtained one week apart*
Y = 0.998; r2 = 0.65; p<0.01;
Paired t-test NS (p = 0.97)
* Data from Wessells KR
et al, J Nutr, in press.
(N=58)
Individuals have a fairly stable
fasting serum zinc concentration
39. 70
75
80
85
90
95
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Study Day
PlasmaZincConcentration(ug/dL)
placebo
10 mg zinc
20 mg zinc
Mean plasma zinc concentration, by study
group and day of study, n = 58
Data from Wessells KR
et al, J Nutr, in press.
Period of supplementation
* Groups were significantly different on days 5, 9, 14, 21, 22, 23, 26, 30, and 35
***
*
*
*
*
*
*
40. Change in plasma zinc concentration (PZC), by
initial PZC and study group, day 14 of study
N = 58. Data from Wessells KR
et al, J Nutr, in press.
*
Placebo group
41. Mean change in plasma zinc concentration (μg/dL)
following 15 days of zinc supplementation or
fortification* among young Senegalese children
Data from: Ba Lo N et al, unpublished.
*Zinc supplementation: 6 mg Zn/d as ZnSO4;
Zinc fortification (maize porridge): 6 mg Zn/d as ZnO.
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
Control Zinc supplement Zinc fortification
Adjustedchangeinzincconc.(µg/dL)
42. Effects of meals and time of day on plasma
zinc concentration
King J et al. J Nutr, 1994.
43. Factors affecting serum zinc concentration
in a community-based trial among young
Peruvian children
Variable Beta (significance)
Hours since last meal +1.0 (p<0.004)
Time of day of
sampling
-1.9 (p<0.004)
Elevated CRP -4.3 (p<0.002)
Reported fever -6.1 (p<0.01)
Arsenault J et al, Europ J Clin Nutr, in press.
44. Suggested cutoffs for assessing serum zinc
concentration (NHANES II)
Time of day
and fasting
status
Serum zinc concentration
(ug/dL) by age and sex
<10 yrs > 10 years
Males &
females
Males
Non-
pregnant
females
Morning
fasting
na 70 74
Morning other 65 66 70
Afternoon 57 59 61
Hotz C et al. AJCN, 2004
45. Rationale for using serum zinc concentration for
assessing population risk of zinc deficiency
• Reflects zinc intake over past few days/weeks, hence risk of zinc
deficiency (not necessarily zinc “status”)
• Changes occur during depletion in relation to changes in total body zinc
• Responsive to zinc supplementation in dose-dependent fashion
• Fairly small intra-individual (day-to-day) variability while consuming
usual diet
• Reference data available from presumably healthy population
46. Some caveats…
• Issues of confounders and contamination
– Samples should be collected at fixed time of day and
in relation to meals (or adjusted statistically)
– Need to control for effect of infection/inflammation
• To assess program impact, samples should be
collected while intervention is still in progress
• Need control group to assess intervention effect
(note issue of “regression to mean”)
47. Acknowledgements
UC Davis/WHNRC/CHORI
Grant Aaron
Joanne Arsenault
Reina Engle-Stone
Sonja Hess
Josh Jorgenson
David Killilea
Janet King
Jan Peerson
Ryan Wessells
Leslie Woodhouse
Sara Wuehler
UCAD, Senegal/
IRSS, Burkina Faso
Nafisatou Ba Lo
Amadou Guiro
Jean-Bosco Ouédraogo
Zinewendé Ouédraogo
Noel Rouamba
Salimata Wade
IZiNCG
Christine Hotz
Rosalind Gibson
48. Impact of zinc fortification of wheat flour* on
mean serum zinc conc (μg/dL), China
Month of
study
EDTA arm Elemental iron arm
Control EDTA iron
+ zinc
Control Elem iron +
zinc
0 73+25 75+27 73+16 72+17
12 72+24 75+28 72+14 74+18
24 72+19 78+16 74+13 76+12
36 71+19 79+16 75+13 78+11
* Wheat fortified with 25 mg/kg flour as zinc oxide (Huo Junsheng, China CDC, unpublished)
50. Relation between elevated CRP or clinical signs of
illness and serum zinc concentration in a community-
based trial among young Peruvian children
Zn conc (μg/dL) % low
(<65μg/dL)
All 78 14 16
Elev CRP, yes
no
74 15
79 14
28
12
Fever yes
no
72 15
78 14
33
14
Diarrhea yes
no
76 18
78 14
33
14
Data from: Arsenault et al. Europ J Clin Nutr, in press.
51. Serum zinc concentration in relation to acute
phase proteins (Bangladesh; n = 279 children)
Nl CRP,
AGP
(n=211)
↑CRP only
(n=5)
↑AGP only
(n=40)
↑ CRP
and AGP
(n=23)
Serum
zinc conc
(μg/dL)
74
13
70
9
71
11
68
12
% <65
μg/dL
52. Mean change in plasma zinc concentration (μg/dL)
following 15 days of zinc supplementation or
fortification* among Senegalese men
-3.0
-2.0
-1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
Changeinplasmazincconc(mg/dL)
Control Zinc supplement Mod-Zn-fort High-Zn-fort
Data from Aaron GJ et al, unpublished.
* Zinc supplementation: 7.5 mg/d as ZnSO4;
Zinc fortification (wheat bread): 7.5 mg/d or 15 mg/d as ZnO
53. The roles of zinc transporters in maintaining
intracellular zinc concentration
[Zn]
ZnT family of
transporters
[Zn]
ZIP family of
transporters
[Zn]
[Zn]
Zn Zn
Zn
Zn
Zn
Zn
[Zn]
55. Estimation of zinc absorption
Based on model by Miller LV et al model (J Nutr,
2007), which uses physiological assumptions
(saturation kinetics) and empirical data from 32
data sets*
Dietary zinc and phytate are two dietary factors
that affect total absorbed zinc (TAZ)
Model fit, r2 = 0.86
*Revised model parameters as per Hambidge et al, FASEB J, 2008
57. Global prevalence of zinc deficiency
• Little information available based on biomarkers of zinc status
• Current estimates based of prevalence of child stunting
• Assessments should be added to all planned nutritional status
surveys in countries with an elevated risk of zinc deficiency!
< 20 %
20-30 %
30-40%
> 40 %st unt cat 1 2 3 4 9
58. Supplementation recommended for…
Treatment of diarrhea - twice age-specific RDA/day (10-20
mg) X 10-14 day, distributed with ORS
Components needed for scaling up – tablet production,
communication, training, formative research, evaluation,
(financing)
60. Conclusions
• Consistent, moderately large increase in
serum zinc concentration
• Decreased incidence of diarrhea
• Decreased incidence of pneumonia
• Decreased mortality among LBW infants,
older children
61. 0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
TAZ(mg)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
TAZ(mg)
Effect of zinc fortification
on total absorbed zinc (TAZ)
Hansen, 2001Lopez de Romaña, 2005
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
TAZ(mg)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
TAZ(mg)
Sandström, 1980
Refined wheat
Sandström, 1980
Whole wheat
0.4 3.6 1.3 3.5
1.2 30 3 9Level of zinc fort.
(mg/1-2 servings)
Level of zinc fort.
(mg/1-2 servings)
Increased total zinc absorption when foods
are supplemented with zinc
62. FAZ and TAZ, by amount of zinc intake
from meals containing fortified foods
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Zinc intake at breakfast and lunch (mg)
Absorbedzinc(mg)
y = 0.45 + 0.148x - 0.0056x2
( )( )
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Zinc intake at breakfast and lunch (mg)
Fractionalabsorptionofzinc
y = 0.50 - 0.079x + 0.0042x2
( )
López de Romaña et al. Am J Clin Nutr, 2005
63. Factors affecting serum zinc concentration
• Serum zinc concentration vary by
– Age group
– Sex
– Time of day of blood collection
– Fasting status
– Presence of inflammation
Use respective cutoff