این ارائه در کارگاه تخصصی تقلید و آپراکسی سرنخ هایی برای مداخلات مبتنی بر شواهد توسط دکتر هاشم فرهنگ دوست تدریس شده است.
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This ppt describes various movement disorders found commonly in elderly persons. It also describes hyper and hypokinetic disorder categorization with cause and pathophysiology of movement disorders.
Due to damage of the CNS or PNS or both. There is some involvement of the basic motor processes used in speech and this results in a movement disorder...
This ppt describes various movement disorders found commonly in elderly persons. It also describes hyper and hypokinetic disorder categorization with cause and pathophysiology of movement disorders.
Due to damage of the CNS or PNS or both. There is some involvement of the basic motor processes used in speech and this results in a movement disorder...
Human brain understanding the complex structureAnupama Saha
The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, along with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system. The brain consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem as well as the cerebellum. It controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sense organs and making decisions as to the instructions sent to the rest of the body. The brain is contained in, and guarded by, the skull bones of the head.
The cerebrum is the largest of the human brain. It is divided into two cerebral hemispheres. The cerebral cortex is an outer layer of grey matter, covering the core of the white matter. Each hemisphere is conventionally divided into four lobes – the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. Within each lobe, cortical areas are associated with specific functions, such as the sensory, motor and association regions. Although the left and right hemispheres are broadly similar in shape and performance, some functions are related to one side, like language within the left and visual-spatial ability on the right. The hemispheres are connected by the corpus callosum.
The brainstem consists of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. The cerebellum is connected to the brainstem by pairs of tracts. Underneath the cerebral cortex are several important structures, including the thalamus, the epithalamus, the pineal gland, the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the subthalamus; the limbic structures, including the amygdala as well as the hippocampus; the claustrum, various nuclei of the basal ganglia; the basal forebrain structures, and the three circumventricular organs. The cells of the brain include neurons and supportive glial cells. There are more than 86 billion neurons within the brain. Brain activity is possible by the interconnections of neurons and their release of neurotransmitters in response to nerve impulses. Neurons connect to form neural pathways, neural circuits, and elaborate network systems. The whole circuitry is driven by the method of neurotransmission.
The study of the anatomy of the brain is neuroanatomy, while the study of its function is neuroscience. Numerous techniques are used to study the brain. Medical imaging technologies like functional neuroimaging, and electroencephalography (EEG) recordings are important in studying the brain. The medical history of people with a brain injury has provided insight into the function of each part of the brain.
این پاورپوینت در اولین کارگاه از سیر تا پیاز اوتیسم توسط دکتر هاشم فرهنگ دوست ارائه شده است.
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این پاورپوینت در کارگاه توانبخشی هوش دکتر میثم محمدی ارائه شده است. برای مشاهده فایلهای بیشتر در این زمینه، به وب سایت فروردین مراجعه کنید.
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این پاورپوینت در کارگاه توانبخشی هوش دکتر محمدی ارائه شده است.
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این پاورپوینت در کارگاه توانبخشی هوش توسط دکتر میثم محمدی ارائه شده است. برای مطالعه مطالب بیشتر در این زمینه به وب سایت فروردین مراجعه کنید.
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این پاورپوینت در کارگاه رویکرد ادراکی حرکتی در کودکان مبتلا به فلج مغزی توسط دکتر ابراهیم پیشیاره ارائه شده است.
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این پاورپوینت در کارگاه رویکرد ادراکی حرکتی در کودکان مبتلا به فلج مغزی توسط دکتر پیشیاره ارائه شده است. برای مشاهده مطالب بیشتر در این زمینه به وب سایت فروردین مراجعه نمایید.
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این پاورپوینت در کارگاه ارزیابی و توانبخشی مشکلات راه رفتن در کودکان فلج مغزی توسط دکتر محمد خیاط زاده ارائه شده است.
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این پاورپوینت در کارگاه ارزیابی و توانبخشی مشکلات راه رفتن در کودکان مبتلا به فلج مغزی توسط دکتر محمد خیاط زاده ارائه شده است.
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این پاورپوینت توسط دکتر محمد خیاط زاده در کارگاه ارزیابی و توانبخشی مشکلات راه رفتن در کودکان مبتلا به فلج مغزی ارائه شده است.
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این پاورپوینت در کارگاه عملی ارزیابی و توانبخشی مشکلات راه رفتن در کودکان فلج مغزی دکتر خیاط زاده ارائه شده است. برای مطالعه مطالب بیشتر در این زمینه به وب سایت فروردین مراجعه کنید.
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این پاورپوینت در کارگاه مداخلات ادراکی حرکتی در کودکان با فلج مغزی توسط دکتر جانمحمدی ارائه شده است.
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این پاورپوینت در کارگاه معاینات عصبی در توانبخشی کودکان توسط دکتر محمدی ارائه شده است.
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این پاورپوینت در کارگاه معاینات عصبی در توانبخشی کودکان توسط دکتر میثم محمدی ارائه شده است.
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این پاورپوینت در کارگاه ارزیابی و توانبخشی کودکان مبتلا به فلج مغزی توسط کاردرمانگر مهدی بیغم ارائه شده است.
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این فایل متنی توسط دکتر میثم محمدی در کارگاه تخصصی آگاهی، توجه، عصب شناسی و توانبخشی ارائه شده است.
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این پاورپوینت در کارگاه تخصصی توانبخشی شناختی در اختلالات یادگیری توسط دکتر هاشم فرهنگ دوست ارائه شده است.
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این پاورپوینت در کارگاه تخصصی رویکرد جدید بوبات در توانبخشی کودکان مبتلا به فلج مغزی ارائه شده است.
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این پاورپوینت در کارگاه تخصصی آگاهی، توجه، عصب شناسی و توانبخشی توسط دکتر میثم محمدی، دکترای کاردرمانی تدریس شده است. برای مشاهده مطالب بیشتر در این زمینه به وب سایت فروردین مراجعه نمایید.
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این پاورپوینت توسط دکتر محمدی در کارگاه آگاهی، توجه، عصب شناسی و توانبخشی ارائه شده است.
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این پاورپوینت در کارگاه تخصصی آگاهی، توجه، عصب شناسی و توانبخشی توسط دکتر میثم محمدی ارائه شده است.
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More from Farvardin Neuro-Cognitive Training Group (20)
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
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Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
2. Apraxia: A Disorder of Motor Control
apraxia can be defined as a disturbance of the
mental control of deliberate motor actions
Apraxia is a disturbance of goal-directed motor
behavior characterized by an inability to perform
previously learned movements in the absence of
weakness or sensory defects
Intact perception, attention, coordination,
motivation, and comprehension
3. Clinical manifestations of Apraxia
limb or the mouth and face
may be unable to move with
◦ imitation
◦ verbal command
◦ or both
often associated with deficits of more complex movements
◦ gestures,
◦ pantomime,
◦ sequential movement
4. Clinical manifestations of Apraxia
There may be failure
◦ to perform a movement in response to an object
◦ failure to handle an object correctly
Motor errors vary in severity, ranging from
◦ inability to generate any appropriate movement
◦ mild clumsiness in generating a complex movement
5. In the late nineteenth century three syndromes
characterized by wrong or awkward actions in spite
of preserved motor strength and coordination:
◦ mind-palsy,
◦ asymbolia,
◦ apraxia
7. Parietal cortex
parietal cortex plays a key role in the
◦ visual guidance of motor behavior
◦ spatial perception
◦ cognition
◦ understanding where objects are relative to each other
Parietal cortex developed the capacity to represent
◦ where things are relative to the body to guide actions such as
grasping,
◦ and then developed the ability to represent where things are
relative to each other without reference to the body
8. injury to the parietal cortex
first category are impairments of
◦ body awareness,
◦ motor control,
◦ visual guidance of motor behavior
These deficits result from damage to dorsal parts of the parietal
cortex close to and connected with the somatosensory cortex
Asomatognosia(deny the existence of the arm or leg contralateral to the lesion)
Apraxia
optic ataxia(difficulty reaching for an object in the peripheral visual field as when
reaching for a coffee cup while readli1gthe newspaper)
9.
10. injury to the parietal cortex
second category are impairments of
◦ spatial perception
◦ cognition
These deficits result from damage to ventral parts of
parietal cortex close to and connected with the
visual cortex
hemi spatial neglect
constructional apraxia
11.
12.
13. Mind-palsy
The concept of mind-palsy was based on an
associationist model of brain organization
mind-blindness, mind-deafness, and mind-
numbness
By analogy, a loss of motor memories should result
in “mind-palsy
14. Asymbolia
Finkelnburg concluded that the term “aphasia” was ill-
chosen
“a pathological disturbance of function where the
ability to understand or express concepts by means of
learned signs is partially or completely abolished.”
Motor asymbolia
◦ selective asymbolia affecting memory images of motor
actions
15. Apraxia
First time German linguist Chaim Steinthal
distinguished apraxia from asymbolia ( 1871 )
aphasia, is not a unitary disorder but a combination of
preserved and disturbed verbal and non-verbal
capabilities
an aphasic composer who wrote notes awkwardly,
placing the head of quarter-notes to the right instead
of the left side of the stem
16. Apraxia
This apraxia is an obvious amplification of aphasia
In another direction aphasia extends to a general
inability to comprehend sign, asemia.
17.
18. Classification of apraxia
selective damage gives rise to three syndromes: (1)
posterior parieto-occipitial lesions interfere with
generation of the movement formula and cause “the
localizable component” of ideational apraxia;
(2) inability to transform the movement formula into
motor innervations is the core of ideo-kinetic apraxia;
(3) loss of kinetic memory results in limb-kinetic apraxia
19. Classification of apraxia
Ideational apraxia
◦ gross misuse of single tools and objects
◦ patient grasped scissors correctly but tried first to brush and then to
write with them
◦ Another patient used a piece of bread for wiping his eyes
◦ knowledge about the correct use of objects
◦ Recognition of the pragmatic significance of objects can be lost
although recognition of other aspects of the object is preserved.
ideo-motor apraxia
Ideational apraxia is a disorder of the mind
ideo-motor apraxia of the body
20. ideo-motor apraxia
They produced hesitant, awkward, and spatially
wrong movements when asked to produce
◦ emblematic gestures (e.g., beckoning, making a military
salute)
◦ Pantomimes of tool use (e.g., demonstrating the use of
scissors)
◦ to touch distinct body parts (e.g., putting the index on the
nose).
◦ Use of objects was somewhat clumsy but with few
exceptions ultimately successful
21. Classifing cation of apraxia
Limb-kinetic apraxia
◦ We find a slowing and stiffness of movements,
◦ a difficulty of isolated movements
◦ a tendency to synergistic and associated movements
◦ a particularly severe loss of fine graded and structured movements
◦ The simultaneous as well as the sequential coordination of single
movements is disturbed
◦ The higher the demands on innervatory combinations, the more severe
are the deficits of manual skills
◦ By contrast, actions like clapping hands, praying, catching a fly, which
are less finely tuned, are successful
22.
23.
24. Callosal apraxia
He had no aphasia
but was completely unable to write, to copy letters, or
to compose words from anagram letters with the left
hand
The left hand was skillful for everyday actions like
buttoning, eating, or drinking from a glass,
but committed gross errors when confronted with less
routine tasks
25. Callosal apraxia
when a pince-nez was handed to him, he:
◦ brought it to the mouth,
◦ sticked out the tongue and tried to put the pince-nez on
the rolled up tongue
Given a matchbox and asked to light a match,
◦ he brought the box to the mouth,
◦ took out two matches with the tongue,
◦ put one of them on the table,
◦ and kept the other in the mouth as if it were a cigar (
Liepmann & Maas, 1907 , p. 217).
26. Callosal apraxia
Post-mortem examination displayed two lesions
◦ One was in the brainstem
◦ Other destroyed the anterior and middle portion of the
corpus callosum
Liepmann referred
◦ the paresis of the right limbs to the brainstem focus
◦ reasoned that agraphia and apraxia of the left hand were
due to calossal disconnection depriving the right-sided
motor cortex from its connections to the left hemisphere
29. Liepmann’s model of apraxia included three
domains of actions:
◦ use of tools and objects,
◦ performance of communicative gestures,
◦ imitation of gestures
30.
31. Imitation and mirror neurons
the route from visual perception to motor
replication of gestures can be direct
it bypasses recognition of the meaning of the
gesture
“mirror neurons
◦ active when the monkey sees another monkey or a
human perform an action and when it performs the
same actions.
32. Imitation and mirror neurons
the putative human direct route accommodates novel
and meaningless gestures,
mirror neurons in monkey react only to biologically
meaningful and familiar actions
33. Clinical tests for apraxia
simple verbal commands such as “look upward” or
“close the eyes.” Commands for whole-body
movements such as “stand up” or “turn around”
examine limb, buccofacial, andaxial body
movements separately
34. Clinical tests for apraxia
Imitation of familiar movements or gestures across
these same body segments
Imitation of meaningless gestures
generate transitive movements, i.e., the
manipulation of objects
◦ “show me how you brush your hair,”
◦ “how you blow out a candle,”
◦ “pretend to throw a ball.”
35. Ten hand postures used for testing imitation of meaningless
gestures
37. Ten foot postures used for testing imitation of meaningless
gestures
38.
39.
40.
41. Speech apraxia
difficulty with phoneme sequencing,
inconsistent errors,
groping for sounds,
Difficulty imitating oral movements,
Difficulty imitating sounds and words,
atypical stress and intonation patterns
CAS is estimated to occur in approximately one to
two children per thousand (ASHA, 2015).