“The ability of neurons to change their function, chemical profile or structure is referred to as neuroplasticity.”
Neuroplasticity includes :
- Habituation
- Learning & memory
- Cellular recovery after injury
What is Neuroplasticity? What are neurons? Understand the Framework, Principles and types of Neuroplasticity. Learn about the mechanisms and processes of neuroplasticity. Understand the applications of neuroplasticity.
“The ability of neurons to change their function, chemical profile or structure is referred to as neuroplasticity.”
Neuroplasticity includes :
- Habituation
- Learning & memory
- Cellular recovery after injury
What is Neuroplasticity? What are neurons? Understand the Framework, Principles and types of Neuroplasticity. Learn about the mechanisms and processes of neuroplasticity. Understand the applications of neuroplasticity.
It provides a brief information about Neuroplasticity to enthusiast willing to know "How we gain daily skills?" and "Changing ability of our brain according to our daily habit."
For more details on study, you can follow the references...
The neurophysiology of posture and movement. Its postural framework and CNS structures involved in the control of postural movement and postural reflexes. The influence of muscle tone on posture.
The ability of the neurons to change their function, chemical profile ( amount and types of neurotransmitters produced) or structure is referred to as neuroplasticity.
The plastic changes in neuron can occur
Physiologically according to activity and skill.
Pathologically due to injury or disease of CNS.
This presentation is detail about Volta therapy which is commonly used in paediatric neurological conditions and also for adults. this presentation explains what are the various techniques, methods of application of Volta therapy, indications, contraindications, etc.
Neurodevelopemental Therapy (Bobath approach)- Principles and EvidenceSusan Jose
Here we present a widely used neurophysiotherapeutic approch - NDT, exploring its current principles and throwing a glance at the historical development and why it is being so widely practice.
does it really have that evidance base?
Find more as you click on. Give a like if I helped you learn or clear concepts. Thankyou. Love you all. Lets learn more.
Mental imagery technique recently used as motor imagery. Theories of mental imagery developed by psychologists till date and use of this technique in the improvement of function has lot of evidences.
what is RNS and what the techniques to perform this test in the lab. Its significance in the evaluation and diagnosis of NMJ disorders like MG, LEMBS etc..
It provides a brief information about Neuroplasticity to enthusiast willing to know "How we gain daily skills?" and "Changing ability of our brain according to our daily habit."
For more details on study, you can follow the references...
The neurophysiology of posture and movement. Its postural framework and CNS structures involved in the control of postural movement and postural reflexes. The influence of muscle tone on posture.
The ability of the neurons to change their function, chemical profile ( amount and types of neurotransmitters produced) or structure is referred to as neuroplasticity.
The plastic changes in neuron can occur
Physiologically according to activity and skill.
Pathologically due to injury or disease of CNS.
This presentation is detail about Volta therapy which is commonly used in paediatric neurological conditions and also for adults. this presentation explains what are the various techniques, methods of application of Volta therapy, indications, contraindications, etc.
Neurodevelopemental Therapy (Bobath approach)- Principles and EvidenceSusan Jose
Here we present a widely used neurophysiotherapeutic approch - NDT, exploring its current principles and throwing a glance at the historical development and why it is being so widely practice.
does it really have that evidance base?
Find more as you click on. Give a like if I helped you learn or clear concepts. Thankyou. Love you all. Lets learn more.
Mental imagery technique recently used as motor imagery. Theories of mental imagery developed by psychologists till date and use of this technique in the improvement of function has lot of evidences.
what is RNS and what the techniques to perform this test in the lab. Its significance in the evaluation and diagnosis of NMJ disorders like MG, LEMBS etc..
AQA Psychology A Level Revision Cards - Biopsychology Topicaesop
revision cards for aqa psych paper 2 biopsychology topic. please excuse spelling or grammar mistakes! made entirely by me using the standard year 1/2 textbook, for reference i achieved an a* :)
How our brain functions when we are aged? In the fast changing world, many a times we heard people saying i am 60 years old and i cannot learn new skills. Is there any truth in the statement. Who is the best consultant for 'downsizing' if we do not use our resouces-It is brain by process.
Courtesy Dr. Julie Gralow1LO 1 Define neuroscience a.docxvanesaburnand
Courtesy Dr. Julie Gralow
1
LO 1 Define neuroscience and explain its contributions to our understanding of behavior.
LO 2 Label the parts of a neuron and describe an action potential.
LO 3 Illustrate how neurons communicate with each other.
LO 4 Summarize various neurotransmitters and the roles they play in human behavior.
LO 5 Recognize the connections between the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Courtesy Dr. Julie Gralow
LO 6 Evaluate pseudopsychology and its relationship to critical thinking.
LO 7 Describe how psychologists use the scientific method.
LO 8 Summarize the importance of a random sample.
LO 9 Recognize the forms of descriptive research.
LO 10 Explain how the experimental method relates to cause and effect.
LO 11 Demonstrate an understanding of research ethics.
Courtesy Dr. Julie Gralow
LO 12 Compare and contrast tools scientists use to study the brain.
LO 13 Identify the lobes of the cortex and explain their functions.
LO 14 Recognize the association areas and identify their functions.
LO 15 Distinguish the structures and functions of the limbic system.
LO 16 Distinguish the structures and functions of the brainstem and cerebellum.
Courtesy Dr. Julie Gralow
Biology and Behavior:
Studying the Last Frontier
Neuroscience
Involves study of the brain and nervous system
Biological psychology
Focuses on how the brain and other biological systems influence human behavior
Contributions
Examination of extent of experience-induced neural plasticity
Courtesy Dr. Julie Gralow
5
Biology and Behavior:
Studying the Last Frontier
Brandon Burns poses for a photo at the Marine Corps Recruit Depot in Parris Island, South Carolina in the fall of 2003. The following year, he was shot in the head by an enemy sniper in the Battle of Fallujah.
Doctors concluded that some parts of his brain were no longer viable. “They removed part of my skull and dug out the injured part of my brain,” and now, Brandon says, “one third of my brain is gone.”
What were the consequences of his injury?
Brandon Burns in the military
Courtesy Dr. Julie Gralow
Neuroscience
Contributions
Biological psychology
6
Courtesy Dr. Julie Gralow
The neuron, the basic building block of the nervous system, has three main components: (1) the cell body, which contains vital cellular structures; (2) bushy dendrites that receive messages from neighboring neurons; and (3) a long, thin axon that sends messages to other neurons through its branchlike terminal buds.
James Cavallini/Photo Researchers, Inc.
7
Can you identify the structure of a typical neuron?
Courtesy Dr. Julie Gralow
Cell body: Region of the neuron that a nucleus containing DNA, protein-producing mechanisms, and other structures that nourish the celi
Dendrites: Tiny, branchlike fibers extending from the cell body that receive messages from other neurons and send information in the direction of the cell body
Axon: Skinny tubelike structure of a neuron that extends from the cell body, and wh.
Occupational Therapy Management for Parkinson's Disease - Webinar 2024Phinoj K Abraham
In this presentation, you'll learn:
- Impact of PD on daily life: Understand how PD affects a person's occupational performance and quality of life through the WHO's ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health) model.
- Current practice gaps in OT for PD: identify areas where occupational therapy management for PD can be improved based on current research.
- Comprehensive OT interventions: Discover evidence-based occupational therapy approaches for managing PD symptoms, including "what," "when," and "how" to implement them.
- Formulating PD rehab services: Gain insights on developing comprehensive PD rehabilitation programs tailored to your specific context.
- Extensive references: Access a complete list of references cited in the presentation for further exploration.
Post Stroke Upper Extremity Rehabilitation - A Clinical PerspectivePhinoj K Abraham
Guest Speak at 3rd Annual national conference of Indian Federation of Neurorehabilitation (IFNRCON 2015) at Mumbai by Phinoj K. Abraham, Neuro Occupational Therapy on "Post Stroke Upper Extremity rehabilitation - A Clinical Perspective"
For Video: http://youtu.be/uCnwdzLtPSQ
This presentation was prepared for educating the patients with stroke and their caregivers about the role of Occupational Therapy in Parkinson's Disease. It gives a very BRIEF over view about OT in Parkinson's Disease rehabilitation
BOT New Modified Syllabus & Regulations_TN Dr. MGR Medical Universisty, Chenn...Phinoj K Abraham
Finally find out today...!!
Dear all,
Herewith I am attaching our 'BOT syllabus' (Full, neat copy..!!) (TN Dr. MGR Medical University_New Modified Regulations & Syllabus (Semester) Bachelor of Occupational Therapy (B.O.T)) I hope this may be helpful for some of us during various academic credential evaluation..!!
This presentation was prepared for educating the patients with stroke and their caregivers about the role of Occupational Therapy in stroke. It gives a very BRIEF over view about OT in stroke rehabilitation
This presentation is primarily based on an article Titled "Rehabilitation of Unilateral Spatial Neglect: New Insights from Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Imaging" by Argye E Hillis., Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006;87(12 Suppl 2):S43-9.
Aim of this presenattaion was to give an insight to my students about Rehabilitation of Unilateral Spatial neglect
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
Introduction to Neuroplasticity & its application in neuro rehabilitation
1. Mr. Phinoj K Abraham (MOTh)
Assistant Professor,
SRM College of Occupational Therapy
2. (plastos) - ‚capable of being molded’
Neuroplasticity:
‘the ability of the CNS to remodel itself’
Neuroplasticity is how we adapt to changing
conditions, learn new facts, and develop new
skills.
It is constantly occurring; the brain is always
changing
(Mark Hallet 2005)
5. Until 1970 : brain structure is relatively immutable in
adulthood.
In the 1960s,
Paul Bach-y-Rita - electrically stimulated chair with 400
vibrating stimulators for congenitally blind.
He Concluded, “We see with our brains, not with our eyes.”
Doidge, Norman (2007)
6. A tragic stroke that left his 68 year old father paralyzed
inspired Bach-y-Rita to study brain rehabilitation
His brother – a physician- rehabilitated him and he recovered
well
He believed that ‘Under conditions of interest, such as that
of competition, the resulting movement may be much more
efficiently carried out than in the dull, routine training in the
laboratory’
(Franz, 1921, pg.93)
7. David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel:
Study with kittens
The experiment involved sewing one eye shut and
recording the cortical brain maps
the portion of the kitten’s brain associated with the shut
eye was not idle, as expected. Instead, it processed visual
information from the open eye.
“… as though the brain didn’t want to waste any ‘cortical
real estate’ and had found a way to rewire itself.”
8. Jenkins & Merzenich (1987) removed monkey’s 1 Peripheral
Nerve , later found that adjacent neurons had started to
respond to the palm.
9. (Ramachandran V 1992).
“if someone were to lose their right
hand in an accident, they may then have
the feelings of a phantom limb because
the areas in the somatosensory cortex
that are near to the ones of the hand
(the arm and face) will take over (or
"remap") this cortical region that no
longer has input”
10.
11. Enhancement of existing
connections
Formation of new
connections
Very active research area; concepts areare continully being updated
A very active research area; concepts continually being updated
12. Type
1.
Mechanism
Enhancement of existing connections
A. Synapse development
B. Synapse strengthening
2.
Duration
Physiological
Biochemical
ms-1 to hours
hours to days
Formation of new connections
A. Unmasking
B. Sprouting
Physiological
Structural
minutes to days
days to months
13. 1. Enhancement of existing connections
Increased use of a synapse in existing
pathways e.g. learning a new task
Or alternative pathways following
damage
Opposite: dendrite atrophy
16. Effectiveness of a synapse can be increased for at least 3
durations:
1. Seconds and minutes
(short-term memory)
2. Hours and days
(intermediate-term memory)
3. Months and years
(long-term memory)
Such changes can take place at
three cellular locations:
1. Presynaptic terminal
2. Postsynaptic membrane
3. Postsynaptic nucleus
Kidd et al., 1992
17. Two point discrimination threshold in
pianists index finger
Ragert et al., 2004
R
L
Comparison of musicians to non-musicians
Findings were long-lasting piano practising resulted in lower spatial
discrimination thresholds in the index finger of piano players in
comparison to non-musicians.
This decrease in threshold was related to the number of hours
practised per day (>3 hours), not to the number of years they had
been playing
18. 2) Formation of new connections
Unmasking of pre-existing pathways
Sprouting of new pathways
19. Possible reasons why some synapses could
be ‘silent’
Inhibited by dominant pathways
Too little transmitter
Too few receptors
Don’t fire with other inputs
24. The release of
nerve growth
factors
stimulates
neurites or new
axons to sprout
and look for
the source of
the NGF
INJURY
Neurite induced
to sprout by
NGF
lesion
NGF
25. Injury results in
cell death
Cell is re-innervated
from alternative
stimulus
Sprouting may be a means of recovery; it may also produce
unwanted effects For example spinal cord injury patients may
experience strange sensations.
26. 1. Strengthen and develop
normal synapses
OT’st need to
2. Guide axonal sprouting
3. Facilitate unmasking of
alternative or previously
subservient pathways
27. Provide positive sensory input
i.e. “appropriate handling”
Facilitate “functional”
movement
Provide treatment at
“optimum” time
Education
29. Mirror Therapy for patients with stroke & Amputation
Ramachandran, Rogers-Ramachandran & Cobb 1995
Hypothesis
Every time the patient attempted to move the paralyzed limb, they
received sensory feedback (through vision and proprioception) that
the limb did not move.
This feedback stamped itself into the brain circuit (Hebbian Learning)
So even when the limb was no longer present, the brain had learned
that the limb (and subsequent phantom) was paralyzed.
Often a phantom limb is painful because it is felt to be stuck in an
uncomfortable or unnatural position, and the patient feels they
cannot move it.
30. Mirror Box
To retrain the brain, and thereby
eliminate the learned paralysis
The patient places the good limb into
one side, and the stump into the
other
It appears as if the phantom limb is
also moving
to unclench it from potentially
painful positions.
(Ramachandran, Rogers-Ramachandran & Cobb 1995)
31. Ex.
“Examining the Neuroscience Evidence for SensoryDriven Neuroplasticity: Implications for SensoryBased Occupational Therapy for Children and
Adolescents”
Shelly J. Lane and Roseann C. Schaaf
American Journal of Occupational Therapy
May/June 2010 vol. 64 no. 3 375-390
32. Neuroplasticity is the focus of a growing body of
research with significant implications for neuro-
rehabilitation.
Neuroplasticity - while not a concept unique to
OT - holds tremendous application for neurorehabilitation provided by OTs.
33. Bibliography
Neurological Rehabilitation – Umphred Darcy 4th edition
Physiological basis of Rehabilitation
Journals
Mirror therapy improves hand function in subacute stroke: a
randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008
Mar;89(3):393-8.
Guest Editorial - Neuroplasticity and rehabilitation assesssed from
www.rehab.research.va.gov/jour/05/42/4/pdf/hallet.pdf retrieved on 303-12
Net References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroplasticity retrieved on 3-03-12
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror_box retrieved on 3-03-12
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebbian_learning retrieved on 3-03-12
Editor's Notes
Going back to Jerzy Konorski, student of Pavlov, operant conditioningChallenge of neuroplasticity