Sensory integration therapy is used to help children to learn to use all their senses together. That is touch,smell,taste,sight and hearing can improve difficulties/problems in children with special need.
Hierachical theory- says that higher centers control on lower center; but when higher center damage then this inhibitory control from the higher center is loss which leads to exageration of the movt.
In normal individual, these occur a smooth, rhythmic movt. Because there is a presence of control from higher center on lower center.
NDT, BOBATH TECHNIQUE, BASIC IDEA OF BOBATH, CONCEPT OF BOBATH, NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF NDT, ICF MODEL, PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF NDT IN STROKE AND CP, AUTOMATIC AND EQUILIBRIUM REACTIONS, KEY POINTS OF CONTROL, FACILITATION, INHIBITION AND HANDLING IN NDT
This presentation is detail about Volta therapy which is commonly used in paediatric neurological conditions and also for adults. this presentation explains what are the various techniques, methods of application of Volta therapy, indications, contraindications, etc.
Sensory integration therapy is used to help children to learn to use all their senses together. That is touch,smell,taste,sight and hearing can improve difficulties/problems in children with special need.
Hierachical theory- says that higher centers control on lower center; but when higher center damage then this inhibitory control from the higher center is loss which leads to exageration of the movt.
In normal individual, these occur a smooth, rhythmic movt. Because there is a presence of control from higher center on lower center.
NDT, BOBATH TECHNIQUE, BASIC IDEA OF BOBATH, CONCEPT OF BOBATH, NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF NDT, ICF MODEL, PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF NDT IN STROKE AND CP, AUTOMATIC AND EQUILIBRIUM REACTIONS, KEY POINTS OF CONTROL, FACILITATION, INHIBITION AND HANDLING IN NDT
This presentation is detail about Volta therapy which is commonly used in paediatric neurological conditions and also for adults. this presentation explains what are the various techniques, methods of application of Volta therapy, indications, contraindications, etc.
CIMT involves constraining the unaffected limb, along with intense therapy, in order to force the use of the affected limb with intent to improve motor function.
Neurodevelopmental Therapy
Neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) is a hands-on treatment approach used by physical therapists, occupational therapists, and speech-language pathologists
Without NDT interventions, the patient likely will develop a limited set of movement patterns that he or she will apply to nearly all tasks.
Controlled use of sensory stimulus.
Specific Motor response
Normalization of muscle tone
Use of Developmental sequences.
Sensorimotor development = from lower to higher level.
Use of activity to demand a purposeful response.
Practice of sensory motor response is necessary for motor learning.
constraint induced movement therapy.pptxibtesaam huma
Constraint induced movement therapy
Dr. Quazi Ibtesaam Huma (MPT)
Dr. Suvarna Ganvir (Phd, Prof & HOD)
Dept. of Neurophysiotherapy
DVVPF’s College of Physiotherapy
Content
Introduction
History of CIMT
Components of CIMT
Population for CIMT
Advantages of CIMT
Recent advances
Introduction
History of CIMT
CIMT is based on research by Edward Taub ,his hypothesize that the non use was a learning mechanism and calls this behavior “Learned non-use”.
It was observed that patients with hemiparesis did not use their affected extremity .
Overcoming learned non use
Mechanisms of CIMT
Population for CIMT
Stroke
Traumatic Brain Injury
Spinal Cord Injury
Multiple Sclerosis
Cerebral Palsy
Brachial Plexus Injury
Advantages of CIMT
Overall greater improvement in function than traditional treatment.
Highly researched and credible treatment approach.
There are brain activity and observed gray matter reorganization in primary motor, cortices and hippocampus.
Increase social participation
Components Of CIMT
Types of CIMT
Restraining Tools for CIMT
Minimal Requirement of hand function for CIMT
Recent Advances
The EXCITE Trial: Retention of Improved Upper Extremity Function Among Stroke Survivors Receiving CI Movement Therapy.(2008)
The Extremity Constraint Induced Movement Therapy Evaluation (EXCITE) demonstrated that CIMT administered 3-9 months post-stroke, resulted in statistically significant and clinically relevant improvement in upper extremity function during the first year compared to those achieved by participants undergoing usual and customary care.
This study was the first randomized clinical trial to examine retention and improvements for the 24 month period following CIMT therapy in a subacute sample.
Study design - single masked cross-over design, with participants undergoing adaptive randomization to balance ,gender, prestroke dominant side, side of stroke, and level of paretic arm function across sites.
CIMT was delivered up to 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 2 weeks.
Subsequent evaluations were made after the two week period, and at 4, 8, and 12 months.
Because the control group was crossed over to receive CIMT after one year.
Primary outcome measures – Wolf Motor Function Test
Motor Activity Log
Secondary outcome measure - Stroke Impact Scale (SIS)
were assessed at each of these time intervals, was administered only at baseline, 4, 12, 16 and 24 month evaluations.
Result :There was no observed regression from the treatment effects observed at 12 months after treatment during the next 12 months for the primary outcome measures of WMFT and MAL.
In fact, the additional changes were in the direction of increased therapeutic effect. For the strength components of the WMFT the changes were significant (P < .05) Secondary outcome variables, including the SIS, exhibited a similar pattern.
Conclusion: Mild to moderately impaired patients who are 3-9 months post-stroke demonstrate
Retraining of motor control basing on understanding of normal movement & analysis of motor dysfunction.
Emphasis of MRP is on practice of specific activities, the training of cognitive control over muscles & movt. Components of activities & conscious elimination of unnecessary muscle activity.
In rehabilitation programme involve – real life activities included.
Introduction, principles of sensory re-education hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity, stages of training after nerve repair, uses and benefits, sensory reeducation in stroke - its principle. Actve and passive Sensory reeducation in stroke, orofacial sensory retraining
Sensory Integration : Problem & approach in cerebral palsy jitendra jain
Most of the time in children with cerebral palsy, our focus are toward management of motor problem but it has been realized that these children never have only motor problem but most of time they also have sensory processing defect and both dysfunction are correlated to each other so intervention can not be done separately so every one them require detail sensory assessment and proper technique should be utilized to correct specific sensory problem.
Vojta technique is neuromuscular approach deals with all the conditions of CNS and Musculoskeletal system.
Contents :
Introduction
Definition
What is REFLEX LOCOMOTION
Indication
Stimulating Points
Reflex locomotion
Reflex Rolling phase 1
Reflex Rolling phase 2
Reflex creeping
Effects of Vojta technique
Neurodevelopemental Therapy (Bobath approach)- Principles and EvidenceSusan Jose
Here we present a widely used neurophysiotherapeutic approch - NDT, exploring its current principles and throwing a glance at the historical development and why it is being so widely practice.
does it really have that evidance base?
Find more as you click on. Give a like if I helped you learn or clear concepts. Thankyou. Love you all. Lets learn more.
CIMT involves constraining the unaffected limb, along with intense therapy, in order to force the use of the affected limb with intent to improve motor function.
Neurodevelopmental Therapy
Neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) is a hands-on treatment approach used by physical therapists, occupational therapists, and speech-language pathologists
Without NDT interventions, the patient likely will develop a limited set of movement patterns that he or she will apply to nearly all tasks.
Controlled use of sensory stimulus.
Specific Motor response
Normalization of muscle tone
Use of Developmental sequences.
Sensorimotor development = from lower to higher level.
Use of activity to demand a purposeful response.
Practice of sensory motor response is necessary for motor learning.
constraint induced movement therapy.pptxibtesaam huma
Constraint induced movement therapy
Dr. Quazi Ibtesaam Huma (MPT)
Dr. Suvarna Ganvir (Phd, Prof & HOD)
Dept. of Neurophysiotherapy
DVVPF’s College of Physiotherapy
Content
Introduction
History of CIMT
Components of CIMT
Population for CIMT
Advantages of CIMT
Recent advances
Introduction
History of CIMT
CIMT is based on research by Edward Taub ,his hypothesize that the non use was a learning mechanism and calls this behavior “Learned non-use”.
It was observed that patients with hemiparesis did not use their affected extremity .
Overcoming learned non use
Mechanisms of CIMT
Population for CIMT
Stroke
Traumatic Brain Injury
Spinal Cord Injury
Multiple Sclerosis
Cerebral Palsy
Brachial Plexus Injury
Advantages of CIMT
Overall greater improvement in function than traditional treatment.
Highly researched and credible treatment approach.
There are brain activity and observed gray matter reorganization in primary motor, cortices and hippocampus.
Increase social participation
Components Of CIMT
Types of CIMT
Restraining Tools for CIMT
Minimal Requirement of hand function for CIMT
Recent Advances
The EXCITE Trial: Retention of Improved Upper Extremity Function Among Stroke Survivors Receiving CI Movement Therapy.(2008)
The Extremity Constraint Induced Movement Therapy Evaluation (EXCITE) demonstrated that CIMT administered 3-9 months post-stroke, resulted in statistically significant and clinically relevant improvement in upper extremity function during the first year compared to those achieved by participants undergoing usual and customary care.
This study was the first randomized clinical trial to examine retention and improvements for the 24 month period following CIMT therapy in a subacute sample.
Study design - single masked cross-over design, with participants undergoing adaptive randomization to balance ,gender, prestroke dominant side, side of stroke, and level of paretic arm function across sites.
CIMT was delivered up to 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 2 weeks.
Subsequent evaluations were made after the two week period, and at 4, 8, and 12 months.
Because the control group was crossed over to receive CIMT after one year.
Primary outcome measures – Wolf Motor Function Test
Motor Activity Log
Secondary outcome measure - Stroke Impact Scale (SIS)
were assessed at each of these time intervals, was administered only at baseline, 4, 12, 16 and 24 month evaluations.
Result :There was no observed regression from the treatment effects observed at 12 months after treatment during the next 12 months for the primary outcome measures of WMFT and MAL.
In fact, the additional changes were in the direction of increased therapeutic effect. For the strength components of the WMFT the changes were significant (P < .05) Secondary outcome variables, including the SIS, exhibited a similar pattern.
Conclusion: Mild to moderately impaired patients who are 3-9 months post-stroke demonstrate
Retraining of motor control basing on understanding of normal movement & analysis of motor dysfunction.
Emphasis of MRP is on practice of specific activities, the training of cognitive control over muscles & movt. Components of activities & conscious elimination of unnecessary muscle activity.
In rehabilitation programme involve – real life activities included.
Introduction, principles of sensory re-education hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity, stages of training after nerve repair, uses and benefits, sensory reeducation in stroke - its principle. Actve and passive Sensory reeducation in stroke, orofacial sensory retraining
Sensory Integration : Problem & approach in cerebral palsy jitendra jain
Most of the time in children with cerebral palsy, our focus are toward management of motor problem but it has been realized that these children never have only motor problem but most of time they also have sensory processing defect and both dysfunction are correlated to each other so intervention can not be done separately so every one them require detail sensory assessment and proper technique should be utilized to correct specific sensory problem.
Vojta technique is neuromuscular approach deals with all the conditions of CNS and Musculoskeletal system.
Contents :
Introduction
Definition
What is REFLEX LOCOMOTION
Indication
Stimulating Points
Reflex locomotion
Reflex Rolling phase 1
Reflex Rolling phase 2
Reflex creeping
Effects of Vojta technique
Neurodevelopemental Therapy (Bobath approach)- Principles and EvidenceSusan Jose
Here we present a widely used neurophysiotherapeutic approch - NDT, exploring its current principles and throwing a glance at the historical development and why it is being so widely practice.
does it really have that evidance base?
Find more as you click on. Give a like if I helped you learn or clear concepts. Thankyou. Love you all. Lets learn more.
What are the signs and symptoms of Sensory Processing Disorder and how can th...Butterfly Learnings
Sensory processing is how our brains use what we sense (see, hear, taste and smell) to make sense of the world. A child with Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is either very sensitive or not sensitive enough to the things around them. Children with ‘SPD’ can feel overwhelmed, stressed and anxious by their senses and go into flight or fight mode and feel in danger. They often have meltdowns - a way of them letting you know they are feeling really uncomfortable. Because their brain sees the sensory input as "not enough," sensory seekers respond to sensory stimuli with an urge to seek out more. Sensory sensitive children often respond with a fight, flight or freeze response because their brain experiences the input as *too much*.
Challenges of Sensory Processing in children with Autism.pdfArya523790
Sensory integration in children with autism refers to the way in which their nervous system receives, interprets, and responds to sensory information from the environment. Read the document to know more about challenges of sensory processing in children with Autism.
Fetal Alcohol Exposure: Time to Know, Time to Act Ontario’s Provincial Confer...BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Fetal Alcohol Exposure: Time to Know, Time to Act
Ontario’s Provincial Conference April 10-11, 2003.
Dorothy Schwab, Community Liaison Worker Interagency FAS/E Program
IIAHP Therapy Center and Learning School in Sector 35 Chandigarh. We provide Down Syndrome Treatment, Dyslexia Treatment, Autism treatment, Developmental Delay Treatment, Cerebral Palsy Treatment, Mental Retardation Treatment, Speech Therapy, Slow Learners Treatment, ADHD Treatment, and Therapies for Special Needs Children etc. We Take New Children All Year. Visit - https://www.iiahp.com/
Occupational therapists study human growth and development and a person’s interaction with the environment through daily activities.They are experts in the social, emotional, and physiological effects of illness and injury.This knowledge helps them promote skills for independent living in people with autism and other developmental disorders.Occupational therapists work as part of a team that includes parents, teachers, and other professionals.
Autism is a complex developmental condition that typically appears during early childhood and is characterised by difficulties in social interaction, communication, restricted and repetitive interests and behaviours, and sensory sensitivities. It is called a ‘developmental’ condition because symptoms of autism generally appear in the first two years of a child’s life. It is called a ‘spectrum’ disorder because it is most influenced by different combinations of genetic and environmental factors and affects people differently and to varying degrees. Each autistic person has a set of strengths and challenges that are distinct from any other autistic person and the way (s)he/she learns, thinks or solves problems can range from highly skilled to severely challenged. ASD may occur in persons across all ethnic, racial, and economic groups.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
2. Sensory integration(SI) is a neurological process
that makes sense of and organizes sensations from
one's own body and the surrounding environment.
SI is necessary in order to be able to use the body
effectively within the environment.
SI is the foundation that allows for complex learning
and behavior.
3. SI is founded on the following 7 senses:
visual, auditory, touch, smell, taste, vestibular (pull of gravity)
and proprioception (body awareness and movement).
The senses involved in SI give us information about our
external and internal environments.
Our brain takes in the information from the senses and uses it
to form a full picture of who we are, where we are, and what
is going on around us. This picture can only be formed
through the critical process of SI.
4. The normal process of SI development begins before
birth and continues throughout life as the individual
interacts with the environment.
The majority of SI development occurs before the early
teenage years.
The ability for SI to become more refined and effective
coincides with the aging process as it determines how
well motor and speech skills, and emotional stability
develop.
However, in some children SI doesn’t effectively
develop and for these individuals extensive effort and
attention are required for SI to occur, without a
guarantee of it being accomplished.
When the SI process is disordered, a variety of problems
in learning, development, or behavior become obvious.
5. Sensory integration When a child has SID their
disorder/dysfunction (SID) or response to sensory information
sensory processing disorder, is a often appears extreme and
neurological disorder that results inappropriate for the particular
from the brain's inability to situation.
integrate certain information
received from the body's sensory
systems.
Individuals with SID are unable to
respond to certain sensory
information in such a way that
allows them to appropriately plan
and organize what needs to be
done. For most individuals this
process is automatic, but
individuals with SID instead go into
primitive survival techniques of
fight or flight and/or withdrawal.
6. Sensory integration disorder can be caused
by:
› the brain not receiving messages due to a
disconnection in the neuron cells.
› Sensory messages being received
inconsistently.
› Sensory messages are received consistently,
but do not connect properly with other
sensory messages.
7. The following are some signs of sensory integration disorder:
› Over sensitivity to touch, movement, sights, or sounds
› Under reactivity to touch, movement, sights, or sounds
› Specific learning difficulties /delays in academic achievement
› Difficulty in making transitions from one situation to another
› Tendency to be easily distracted / Limited attention control
› Activity level that is unusually high or unusually low
› Social and/or emotional problems
› Difficulty learning new movements
› Delays in speech, language, or motor skills
› Physical clumsiness or apparent carelessness
› Impulsive, lacking in self-control
› Inability to unwind or calm self
› Poor self concept / body awareness
8.
9. In real life some of the previously listed symptoms can be
seen if your child avoids touching, refuses to wear certain
clothing, is a picky eater, covers his/her ears or eyes, or
conversely, craves sensations like grabbing others, prefers
hot bath water and spicy foods, and seem oblivious to
sensory cues.
Oversensitivity or undersensitivity to movement sensation?
For example: your child seeks out movement like
swinging, twirling, jumping, or avoids active games.
Unusually high or low activity level? For example: your
child may be constantly on the go, wearing out everyone
around him/her or moves slowly and tires easily, showing
little interest in the world.
Problems with motor coordination? For example: he/she
may be awkward, seemingly careless, or accident-prone.
10. SID is often associated with the following disabilities and
disorders:
› Autism spectrum
› Learning disabilities and ADHD
› Language disorders
› Behavioral disorders
› Anxiety disorders and depression
Factors that contribute to SID include: premature birth, autism
and other developmental disorders, learning disabilities,
delinquency and substance abuse due to learning disabilities,
stress-related disorders, and brain injury.
The two biggest contributing conditions are autism and
ADHD.
Some researchers question whether SID is a disorder that can be
presented as a separate diagnosis or if it is simply a symptom of
other disorders.
11. Evaluation for SID may be conducted
by a qualified occupational or physical
therapist.
During an evaluation the therapist
usually uses standardized testing as well
as observations of responses to sensory
stimulation, posture, balance, coordina
tion, and eye movements.
After the evaluation the therapist
analyzes the data and considers
information from other professionals
and the parents before making a
diagnosis and recommendations about
treatment.
Sensory integration therapy (also
known as the “sensory diet”) is the
conventional treatment used for SID
and it allows the vital sensory input and
experiences that children with SID need
to grow and learn. The sensory
integration therapy is designed to meet
the individual needs of the child’s
nervous system.
12. Sensory integration therapy began with the research and practice of A.
Jean Ayres who was an occupational therapist who had advanced
training in neuroscience and educational psychology.
Ayres was interested in the relationship between children’s sensory
systems, the processing of sensation, learning and motor difficulties.
The term sensory integration was made popular by Ayres.
The Southern California Sensory Integration Tests (SCSIT) was developed
by Ayres as a means to assess the components of sensory integration
and guide treatment. The Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT) is the
revised edition of the SCSIT and is known as the “gold standard,” most
thorough and well-researched means for assessing sensory integration
skills and deficits
Ayres developed theories about typical patterns of disability based on
results from her testing and observations of children. Based on her
research Ayres created methods of treatment for specific patterns of
disability using what she called enhanced sensory experiences. Ayres
methods and therapies later came to be known as sensory integration
therapy.
13. Most children are able to learn to combine their senses without being aware
of it. However, some children with SID are not able to combine their senses
effectively and because of this they have a difficult time making sense of
their environment. For children with SID, a form of occupational therapy
called sensory integration therapy can be used to help.
Sensory integration therapy is designed to stimulate and challenge the
senses. Sensory integration therapy is sometimes conducted in a special
room that is designed to interact and challenge all the senses at once,
however sensory integration therapy techniques can be used in any setting
to activate one or more senses.
Sensory integration therapy is founded on the assumption that the child
being treated is either understimulated or overstimulated by the
environment. Therefore, therapy aims to increase the ability of the brain to
process various sensory information and allow the child to function better in
their daily environment and daily activities.
Research suggests that sensory information received from the environment is
critical in such a way that interactions between the child and the
environment shape the brain and influence learning. Additionally, research
suggests that in response to sensory input from the environment the brain
can change, and rich sensory experiences can stimulate change in the
brain.
14. Sensory integration therapy is founded on four
principles:
The child must be able to successfully meet the
challenges that are presented through playful
activities (Just Right Challenge).
The child adapts her behavior with new and
useful strategies in response to the challenges
presented (Adaptive response).
The child will want to participate because the
activities are fun (Active Engagement).
The child's preferences are used to initiate
therapeutic experiences within the session
(Child Directed).
15.
16. Sensory integration therapy is designed in such a way that
makes the child want to run, play and explore.
During sensory integration therapy the child works with an
occupational therapist, and sometimes other peers, in
order to perform activities that combine sensory input with
motion, such as:
› Swinging in a hammock (movement through space);
› Dancing to music(sound);
› Playing in boxes filled with beans (touch);
› Crawling through tunnels (touch and movement through space);
› Hitting swinging balls (eye-hand coordination);
› Spinning on a chair (balance and vision); and
› Balancing on a beam (balance).
› In every activity the child is guided through it in a way that is
stimulating and challenging. The focus is to combine appropriate
movements with the input the child is getting from their different
senses.
17. For a video showing some sensory
integration therapy techniques use the
link below:
› http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=02JlnqU
hXeU
18.
19. Research on the effectiveness of sensory
integration is limited and inconclusive.
In the literature on sensory integration
therapy, there is a lot of controversy about the
effectiveness of sensory integration therapy.
About half of the literature concludes that
there are no benefits associated with the use
sensory integration therapy and the other half
find significant results.
Much of this controversy could be due to the
fact that there are very few well-designed
studies to gain evidence from.
20. Sensory integration therapy is not harmful, but some children
may be uncomfortable with some forms of sensory therapy used
and so the occupational therapy should be observant and
ready to remove any exercises that prove to be an issue.
Since sensory integration therapy is not harmful, even though the
jury is still out on the effectiveness, it is commonly used and many
experts swear by it.
Some suggest that sensory integration therapy is more useful for
younger children or that it may only be effective on some
children and not others, because of this they suggest the
therapy should be discontinued if effects are not apparent
during a specified time frame or if the child has a negative
reaction.
In many instances sensory integration therapy has made a
difference in the life of the child by allowing for decreased
sensitivities to touch and other stimuli and by better preparing
the child to play, learn and interact with people and the
environment.
21. Although the research is inconclusive in regards to the
effectiveness of sensory integration therapy, it is a
common technique used to treat children with autism
spectrum, learning disabilities, ADHD, language
disorders, behavioral disorders, anxiety disorders and
depression.
Many occupational therapists and families of children
with sensory integration difficulties do testify towards the
effectiveness of sensory integration and could tell many
success stories.
There are many children who have benefited from the
services of sensory integration therapy and the
effectiveness may rely less on the specific disorder the
child has, but instead have more to do with individual
differences within the children it is used with.
22. There is a great deal of information related to
sensory integration, sensory integration
disorders, and sensory integration therapy
online and in the research.
In order to keep this presentation a
manageable manner, many things have been
left out. If you would like more elaborate and
detailed information you can use the resources
listed in the references or refer to a multitude of
scholarly articles.
I hope this presentation has presented a good
and useful base of knowledge.