Algae are either plants or protists that live in or near water. They lack specialized root, stem, and leaf structures and must live in water to obtain nutrients and oxygen and remove waste through diffusion rather than an internal transport system. Adaptations for living in water include being thin enough not to dry out and having simpler reproductive cycles where gametes can swim to fertilize each other. Their divisions are categorized based on their pigments.

1. ALGAE PLANT OR PROTIST?

2. CHLOROPHYTA – green algae Unicellular ->colonial->multicellular

4. General Characteristics of Algae Photosynthesize (chlorophyll a) Cell walls No specialized root/stem/leaf structures Non-vascular Must live in or near water

5. WHY must algae live in/near water? Don’t have an internal system of tubes to move water and materials from one part to another NON VASCULAR SO WHAT ? ? Cells must be able to get oxygen, CO2, nutrients and get rid of wastes HOW ? ?

6. Cells must live in water to be constantly bathed with the nutrients they need and to get rid of the wastes they don’t need.

7. c

8. WHAT ADAPTIONS HAVE THEY MADE TO LIVE IN WATER? Won’t dry out, therefore many are very thin ex. ulva 2 cells thick Unlike desert plants - - - no cuticle or waxy covering No support structures Water supports them Simpler reproductive cycle Easier in water because the gametes can swim  Lack of light Evolve different chlorophylls and accessory pigments

9. ULVA - Sea Lettuce

13. Dead man’s fingers

14. Wavelengths of light

15. DIVISIONS OF ALGAE Brown - Phaeophyta Chlorophyll a + c + fucoxanthin Red – Rhodophyta Chlorophyll a + d Green – Chlorophyta Chlorophyll a + b

17. EVOLUTION OF PLANTS Unicellular – Chlamydomonas (eyespot) Colonial – Gonium, Volvox (communication, specialized reproductive cells) Multicellular – Ulva (holdfast)

18. ALTERNATION OF GENERATION

19. IMPORTANCE OF ALGAE Food source Home / shelter Oxygen Medicine – treat ulcers, high blood pressure Manufacturing of food Ice cream, candy bars, pickle relishes, salad dressing, chip dips, pancake syrups, egg nogs, canned chow mein, toothpaste, adhesive, hand lotion, finger paints, cake batter, pie fillers, doughnut glazes, agar

20. Algae products

21. ECOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH SEWAGE…untreated sewage released into streams and ponds can cause algal blooms

22. How does sewage cause this? Sewage contains substances that plants can use as nutrients…acts as fertilizer for the algae to grow

23. Challenge is to find ways to treat sewage that is safe for the water…