Algae are a diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that are either protists or primitive aquatic plants. They vary greatly in size and structure from single-celled to multicellular forms over 70 meters long. While similar to plants in some ways like possessing chlorophyll and cell walls, algae differ in lacking true roots, stems, leaves and vascular tissue. They are classified into seven phyla based on pigments, food storage and cell wall composition, with the Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, and Rhodophyta being the major groups of green, brown, and red algae respectively. Algae play important ecological roles as primary producers and oxygen generators in many aquatic ecosystems.
Algae are chlorophyll bearing autotrophic bodies with thalloid plant body. Thallus may be unicellular to multicellular, microscopic or macroscopic in structure.
About 20,000 species.
Eukaryotic cell and contain all the membrane bound organelles.
Thallus is green due to the presence of green pigment chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll is contained in chloroplast.
Pyrenoids embedded in chloroplast.
Cytoplasm contains vacuoles.
Motile cell of primitive forms contains eye spot or stigma.
Reserve carbohydrates are in the form of starch.
Cell wall invariably contains cellulose.
Produce motile reproductive bodies generally with two or four flagella.
Most are aquatic but some are subarial.
Several species of ulvales and siphonales are marine.
Some strains of chlorella are thermophilic.
Species of chlamydomonas and some chlorococcales occur in snow.
Coloechaete nitellarum is endophytic.
Cephaleuros is parasitic – cause ‘red rust of tea’.
Live epizoically on or endozoically within the bodies of lower animals – chlorella is found in hydra; chlorella beneath the scales of fish; characium on the antennae of mosquito.
Green algae in assosciation with the fungi constitute lichens.
Evolution and Economic Importance of BacillariophytaMUsmanZaki
THIS SLIDE IS ABOUT Evolution and Economic Importance of Bacillariophyta. “ Bacillariophyta are unicellular organisms that are important components of phytoplanktons as primary sources of food zooplanktons in both marine and fresh water habitats.”
Algae are chlorophyll bearing autotrophic bodies with thalloid plant body. Thallus may be unicellular to multicellular, microscopic or macroscopic in structure.
About 20,000 species.
Eukaryotic cell and contain all the membrane bound organelles.
Thallus is green due to the presence of green pigment chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll is contained in chloroplast.
Pyrenoids embedded in chloroplast.
Cytoplasm contains vacuoles.
Motile cell of primitive forms contains eye spot or stigma.
Reserve carbohydrates are in the form of starch.
Cell wall invariably contains cellulose.
Produce motile reproductive bodies generally with two or four flagella.
Most are aquatic but some are subarial.
Several species of ulvales and siphonales are marine.
Some strains of chlorella are thermophilic.
Species of chlamydomonas and some chlorococcales occur in snow.
Coloechaete nitellarum is endophytic.
Cephaleuros is parasitic – cause ‘red rust of tea’.
Live epizoically on or endozoically within the bodies of lower animals – chlorella is found in hydra; chlorella beneath the scales of fish; characium on the antennae of mosquito.
Green algae in assosciation with the fungi constitute lichens.
Evolution and Economic Importance of BacillariophytaMUsmanZaki
THIS SLIDE IS ABOUT Evolution and Economic Importance of Bacillariophyta. “ Bacillariophyta are unicellular organisms that are important components of phytoplanktons as primary sources of food zooplanktons in both marine and fresh water habitats.”
Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, (SGBAU)
BOTANY
B.Sc. I (Sem- I)
Diversity & Applications of Microbes and Cryptogams
Unit-VI
Application of Microbes and Cryptogams
6.1. Economic Importance of Algae with special reference to Food
(Algae as a Food)
By
Avinash Darsimbe
Assistant Professor
Department of Botany
Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati
Role of bacteria in Industry and MedicineRitaSomPaul
It describes positive and negative roles of bacteria in Industry and Medicine. It is a part of Microbiology syllabus in Botany (Hons) as per CBCS system
Microalgae as biofertilizers are major enhancing soil fertility and quality. Microalgae can create plant growth hormones, Polysaccharides, antibacterial chemicals and other metabolites.
Algae are a diverse group of aquatic organisms that have the ability to conduct photosynthesis. Certain algae are familiar to most people; for instance, seaweeds (such as kelp or phytoplankton), pond scum or the algal blooms in lakes.
This ppt has been made by Xanthophyceae also known as yellow green algae. It occupies second position in algae classification by F.E Fritsch. It is classified into four orders. It contain xanthophyll in large amount that gives it yellow colour, hence it is commonly know as yellow green algae.
The term "algae" covers many different organisms capable of producing oxygen through photosynthesis (the process of harvesting light energy from the sun to generate carbohydrates).
Algae are a diverse group of aquatic organisms that have the ability to conduct photosynthesis. Certain algae are familiar to most people; for instance, seaweeds (such as kelp or phytoplankton), pond scum or the algal blooms in lakes. However, there exists a vast and varied world of algae that are not only helpful to us, but are critical to our existence.
By
Avinash Darsimbe
Assistant Professor
Department of Botany
Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati
B.Sc. I (Sem- I)
BOTANY
Diversity & Applications of Microbes and Cryptogams
Unit-VI
Application of Microbes and Cryptogams
6.1. Harmful aspects of Algae
Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, (SGBAU)
BOTANY
B.Sc. I (Sem- I)
Diversity & Applications of Microbes and Cryptogams
Unit-VI
Application of Microbes and Cryptogams
6.1. Economic Importance of Algae with special reference to Food
(Algae as a Food)
By
Avinash Darsimbe
Assistant Professor
Department of Botany
Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati
Role of bacteria in Industry and MedicineRitaSomPaul
It describes positive and negative roles of bacteria in Industry and Medicine. It is a part of Microbiology syllabus in Botany (Hons) as per CBCS system
Microalgae as biofertilizers are major enhancing soil fertility and quality. Microalgae can create plant growth hormones, Polysaccharides, antibacterial chemicals and other metabolites.
Algae are a diverse group of aquatic organisms that have the ability to conduct photosynthesis. Certain algae are familiar to most people; for instance, seaweeds (such as kelp or phytoplankton), pond scum or the algal blooms in lakes.
This ppt has been made by Xanthophyceae also known as yellow green algae. It occupies second position in algae classification by F.E Fritsch. It is classified into four orders. It contain xanthophyll in large amount that gives it yellow colour, hence it is commonly know as yellow green algae.
The term "algae" covers many different organisms capable of producing oxygen through photosynthesis (the process of harvesting light energy from the sun to generate carbohydrates).
Algae are a diverse group of aquatic organisms that have the ability to conduct photosynthesis. Certain algae are familiar to most people; for instance, seaweeds (such as kelp or phytoplankton), pond scum or the algal blooms in lakes. However, there exists a vast and varied world of algae that are not only helpful to us, but are critical to our existence.
By
Avinash Darsimbe
Assistant Professor
Department of Botany
Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati
B.Sc. I (Sem- I)
BOTANY
Diversity & Applications of Microbes and Cryptogams
Unit-VI
Application of Microbes and Cryptogams
6.1. Harmful aspects of Algae
It is a wonderfull ppt for the deleterious impact of algae. There are no such type of ppt. It is prepare by myself by the help for books and research papers.
Biochemical components of three marine macroalgae (Padina pavonica, Ulva lact...Innspub Net
Green macroalgae Ulva lactuca, brown macroalgae Taonia atomaria and Padina pavonica are spread in the Turkish Levantine Sea. There is limited information about antioxidant activities and fatty acid composition of these species from Levantine Sea. In this study was to determine and compare antioxidant activities, vitamin and fatty acid (FA) composition of U. lactuca, T. atomaria and P. pavonica. The analysis was made with HPLC and GC device. g. Then, the results were analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed; palmitic acid (C16:0) as the most abundant saturate fatty acid (21-41%). The green algae was rich palmitic acid (C16:0) (41.68%). Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were major components (39.81–42.89%). The total MUFA content for U. lactuca was 40.63%, P. pavonica 42.89% and for T. atomaria 38.81%. Oleic acid (C18:1 n-9) was the most abundant MUFA in all the species analyzed. Eicosapentaenoic acid ( C20:5 n-3) and arahidonic acid (C20:4 n-6) were found in significant levels in T. atomaria. P. pavonica and T. atomaria showed similar amounts of C18 and C20 PUFAs contents. In T. atomaria eicosopentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n3) accounted 4.78% of total fatty acids. PUFA/SFA ratio in T. atomaria was 1.10%, U. lactuca; 0.26% and for P. pavonica 0.68%.The total phenolic contents ranged from 0.96 to 2.22 mg gallic acid equivalents per 1 g of dry macroalgae material. Phenolic content of the water extract of T. atomaria (2.22 mg GAE /g) was higher than that of the water extract of P. pavonica and U. lactuca. It has been thought that the amount of α-tocoferol was higher than the other lipophilic vitamins in all the three species tested. In Conclusion; these species can be used as food and in food industry.
Continuous Monitoring of Harmful Algal Blooms | YSIXylem Inc.
Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) are a real problem for source water managers. Understanding what this problem is, being aware of when the problem exists and then being able to act on the problem before it is unmanageable is critical to the health of our water bodies.
DR. Stephanie Smith, YSI Product Manager, is an expert on the issue, and here she shares some of her extensive knowledge regarding HABs, and some tips for how to proactively manage them. This is her presentation given at American Water Works Association.
This was my powerpoint presentation when asked to present the habitat and occurrence of algae. I put pictures of the different algae per habitat including the species and genus,
This slide contains all the basic information about classes and divisions of Algae with proper representation of perfect examples with their pictures in the slide. Also included the slide of Algal Blooms and their adverse effects.
Structure, Types and its Applications of Algae.
Plant Biotechnology.
Overview on Algae.
By Mohammed Valikarimwala
FY BSc Biotechnology,
Fergusson College,
Pune.
Cyanobacteria (blue‐green algae)
Dinoflagellates
Euglenoids
Brown, Golden‐brown, and Yellow‐brown Algae
Glaucophytes
Red Algae
Green Algae
Algal Culturing
use of algae
Study of plant kingdom made easy. Students often find this chapter difficult to understand as they cannot relate to plants very well (especially because they don't play outdoors or observe nature around them). For a student of Biology it is important to develop an interest and be able to relate to plants as well as we do to animals. I have worked hard to make this ppt as interesting as I could. I hope it will provide some help to students and other fellow teachers who wish to make their class interesting and interactive.
Phylum Bacillariophyta, Xanthophyta & Chrysophyta Fasama H. Kollie
Bacillariophyta is a phylum of the kingdom Protista, consisting of mostly unicellular aquatic algae commonly referred to as Diatoms.
Xanthophytes are the yellow-green algae whereas Chrysophytes are the golden-brown algae.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
3. Algal Characteristics
• Vary in size from
nanoplankton (< 2 µm
cyanobacteria ) to Giant kelps
(> 70 m long). Possess a cell
wall.
• Contain pigments
• chlorophylls a, and many
often have another
chlorophyll, like b, c, or d
and accessory red, blue
and brown photosynthetic
pigments
4. Algae - What are they?
• Primitive plants
• No true roots, only attachment
structures (Holdfasts)
• Produce spores (not seeds)–
motile or non-motile
• Most have sexual and asexual
reproduction
• Non-vascular, do not possess
an internal transport system.
5. Algae vs. ‘REAL’
plants
Similarities and differences:
• Both are photoautotrophic
• Similar metabolic functions to higher
plants eg. photosynthesis
• different anatomical structures,
reproductive structures.
• different reproduction.
• No true roots, stems leaves.
• Non-vascular, therefore nutrient
uptake over surface. And wastes
washed away from surface by
aquatic environment
6. Classification - a few Algal Phyla
• Cyanophyta: Blue-green or Cyanobacteria.
Prokaryotic. Marine, FW and terrestrial.
• Pyrrophyta, Chrysophyta, Euglenophyta: Marine
and FW phytoplankton – Photosynthetic Protists.
KINGDOM PLANTAE:
• Rhodophyta: Red algae. Mostly marine.
• Phaeophyta: Brown algae. Mostly marine.
• Chlorophyta: Green algae. Marine, FW and
terrestrial.
7. The role of these pigments is to absorb light
- In water the problem is that red and violet wavelengths do not
penetrate the vertical column very well. So Chlorophylls do not
work well at greater depths. Algae that inhabit greater depths do so
with the help of accessory pigments, these algae take on a variety of
colours.
8. -Chlorophyta – Contain
Chlorophyll a + b. So green
wavelengths reflect. They store
their products of photosynthesis
as starch.
- Phaeophyta – Contain
Chlorophylls a + c as well as an
accessory pigment Fucoxanthin.
So yellow and brown
wavelengths reflect. Store food
as starch and as oil.
Rhodophyta - Contain
Chlorophyll a + (d) as well as
accessory pigment Phycobillins.
These phycobillins are
specialized for absorbing blue
light, which allows them to
inhabit the deepest depths.
9. Where do Algae live?
Marine habitats:
• seaweeds, phytoplankton
Freshwater habitats:
• streams, rivers, lakes
and ponds
Terrestrial habitats:
• stone walls, tree bark,
leaves, in lichens, on
snow
13. How do algae function?
Photoautotrophs: 6C02 + 6H20
C6H1206 + O2
• use carbon, light, and water
• produce chemical energy
(carbohydrates) and produce O2 as
a by-product.
• Basic storage products:
carbohydrates as starch or
converted to fats as oil
• Require nutrients: N, P and
minerals.
14. Why are ALGAE important?
Ecological importance of algae
a) Production of Oxygen as ‘by-
product’ of photosynthesis:
• All aerobic heterotrophic
organisms require O2,
• e.g. fungi and animals need O2, to
run cellular respiration to stay alive
b) Production of biomass:
• autotrophic organisms
- represent the base of the food
chain/web,
particularly in aquatic
environments.
15. Algal diversity
• Algae ARE NOT a single phylogenetic
grouping, but give rise to several independent
evolutionary lines. Our focus is on
“CHLOROPHYTA” as it is believed to give rise
to the terrestrial plants.
• Very diverse, very well adapted to certain
environments,
• Range from unicellular, colonial
multicellular
• e.g. marine, freshwater, terrestrial;
• often extreme habitats
• CHLOROPHYTES share Similarities to
true plants – Same two chlorophylls a
and b, Store products of photosynthesis
as starch, cell wall primarily made of
cellulose.
18. Algal colonies
e.g. Chlorophyta: Volvox (Order Volvocales)
- 500-5000 cells per colony.
- Colonies spherical up to 1.5 mm diameter.
- Individual cells surrounded by a mucilaginous sphere
- marine and freshwater
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8O4OolGcPg
22. Why are algae important?
• Primary producers, basis of food webs,
“FORESTS/GRASSES OF THE SEA”
• Pioneer Species: on rocky shores, mudflats,
hot springs, lichen communities, 'snow algae'
• O2 production and carbon fixation in aquatic
habitats.
• Rare autotrophic organisms in extreme
habitats.
23. Examples of ecological importance
• Red tides, other algal blooms
• Hot springs
• Kelp forests
• Rocky shore ecology
• Aquaculture
27. Uses of Seaweeds
• Present
• Food
• Hydrocolloids and some
chemical substances
• Fertilizers
• Potential
• Source of
energy/compost by
digestion
• Waste-water treatment
28. Algae as human food
• Annual value is about US$6 billion
• Main market and production area is Asia
• “Mariculture” has become very important
• Main high-value species are ‘Nori’, ‘Kombu’ and
‘Wakame’ (Porphyra, Laminaria and Undaria)
• Mainly used as a subsidiary food: adding relish, taste
and 'feel' to food
• European and North American market presently very
small but has potential
29. CLASSIFICATION OF ALGAE
• SEVEN PHYLUM BASED ON
• COLOR
• TYPE OF CHLOROPHYLL
• FOOD-STORAGE SUBSTANCE
• CELL WALL COMPOSITION
30. Phylum Chlorophyta
• Green algae
• 7000 diverse species
• Biologist reason that green algae give
rise to land plants.
• Both green algae and land plants have
chlorophyll a and B as well as
carotenoids and store food as starch
• Both have walls made of cellulose
31. Phylum Phaeophyta
• 1500 species of Brown
algae
• Mostly marine and include
seaweed and kelp
• All are multicellular and large
(often reaching lengths of
147 feet)
• Individual alga may grow to a
length of 100m with a
holdfast, stipe and blade
• Used in cosmetics and most
ice creams
32. Phylum Rhodophyta
• 4000 species of RED Algae
• Most are marine
• Smaller than brown algae and are often
found at a depth of 200 meters.
• Contain chlorophyll a and C as well as
phycobilins which are important in
absorbing light that can penetrate deep
into the water
• Have cells coated in carageenan which is
used in cosmetics, gelatin capsules and
some cheeses
33. Phylum Euglenophyta
• 1000 species of
Euglenoids
• Have both plantlike
and animal-like
characteristics
• Fresh water
34. Other Phylum
Representatives
Diatoms – used in detergents,
paint removers, toothpaste
Dinoflagellates – red tides
Important in the
formation of
petroleum
products
Golden algae