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Algae
An Overview
Characteristics
• Range in size from microscopic to single
  celled organisms to large seaweed
• Autotrophic
• Form the reproductive structures –
  gametangia or gamete chambers
• Aquatic and have flagella at some point in
  life
• Often contain pyrenoids, organelles that
  synthesis and store starch
STRUCTURE
• Thallus (haploid)
• Four types of algae
  – Unicellular
  – Colonial
  – Filamentous
  – multicellular
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF ALGAE
CLASSIFICATION OF ALGAE
• SEVEN PHYLUM BASED ON
 – COLOR
 – TYPE OF CHLOROPHYLL
 – FOOD-STORAGE SUBSTANCE
 – CELL WALL COMPOSITION
REPRODUCTION
MOST REPRODUCE BOTH
 SEXUALLY AND ASEXUALLY
  – Most sexual reproduction is
    triggered by environmental stress
  – Asexual Reproduction
      • Mitosis
   – Sexual Reproduction
      •   Meiosis
      •   Zoospores
      •   Plus and minus gametes
      •   Zygospore
Reproduction in Multicellular Algae
• Oedogonium reproduction
  – Antheridium-release
    flagellated sperm that swim to        oogonium
    the oogonium
  – Oogonium-houses the zygote
    which is a diploid spore
     • The spore undergoes meiosis
       and produces 4 haploid
       zoospores. One of the four cells
       becomes a rootlike holdfast the
       others divide and become a new
       filament.
holdfast
Spirogyra reproduce sexually by
          conjugation
Ulva Reproduces by Alternation of
           Generations
• Two distinct
  multicellular phases-
  one is haploid and the
  other is diploid
  – Gametophyte is
    haploid
  – Sporophyte is diploid
Phylum Chlorophyta
• Green algae
• 7000 diverse species
• Biologist reason that green algae give rise
  to land plants.
• Both green algae and land plants have
  chlorophyll a and B as well as carotenoids
  and store food as starch
• Both have walls made of cellulose
Phylum Phaeophyta
• 1500 species of Brown
  algae
• Mostly marine and include
  seaweed and kelp
• All are multicellular and large
  (often reaching lengths of
  147 feet)
• Individual alga may grow to a
  length of 100m with a
  holdfast, stipe and blade
• Used in cosmetics and most
  ice creams
Phylum Rhodophyta
• 4000 species of RED Algae
• Most are marine
• Smaller than brown algae and are often
  found at a depth of 200 meters.
• Contain chlorophyll a and C as well as
  phycobilins which are important in
  absorbing light that can penetrate deep
  into the water
• Have cells coated in carageenan which is
  used in cosmetics, gelatin capsules and
  some cheeses
Phylum Euglenophyta
           • 1000 species of
             Euglenoids
           • Have both plantlike
             and animal-like
             characteristics
           • Fresh water
Other Phylum Representatives



Diatoms – used in detergents,   Dinoflagellates – red tides
paint removers, toothpaste


                                Golden algae


                                                  Important in the
                                                  formation of
                                                  petroleum
                                                  products
Funguslike Protist




  Cellular Slime molds
Plasmodial Slime Molds
Water Molds

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Algae: An Overview of Characteristics, Structure, Identification, Classification, and Reproduction

  • 2. Characteristics • Range in size from microscopic to single celled organisms to large seaweed • Autotrophic • Form the reproductive structures – gametangia or gamete chambers • Aquatic and have flagella at some point in life • Often contain pyrenoids, organelles that synthesis and store starch
  • 3. STRUCTURE • Thallus (haploid) • Four types of algae – Unicellular – Colonial – Filamentous – multicellular
  • 4. IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF ALGAE
  • 5. CLASSIFICATION OF ALGAE • SEVEN PHYLUM BASED ON – COLOR – TYPE OF CHLOROPHYLL – FOOD-STORAGE SUBSTANCE – CELL WALL COMPOSITION
  • 6. REPRODUCTION MOST REPRODUCE BOTH SEXUALLY AND ASEXUALLY – Most sexual reproduction is triggered by environmental stress – Asexual Reproduction • Mitosis – Sexual Reproduction • Meiosis • Zoospores • Plus and minus gametes • Zygospore
  • 7. Reproduction in Multicellular Algae • Oedogonium reproduction – Antheridium-release flagellated sperm that swim to oogonium the oogonium – Oogonium-houses the zygote which is a diploid spore • The spore undergoes meiosis and produces 4 haploid zoospores. One of the four cells becomes a rootlike holdfast the others divide and become a new filament.
  • 10. Ulva Reproduces by Alternation of Generations • Two distinct multicellular phases- one is haploid and the other is diploid – Gametophyte is haploid – Sporophyte is diploid
  • 11. Phylum Chlorophyta • Green algae • 7000 diverse species • Biologist reason that green algae give rise to land plants. • Both green algae and land plants have chlorophyll a and B as well as carotenoids and store food as starch • Both have walls made of cellulose
  • 12. Phylum Phaeophyta • 1500 species of Brown algae • Mostly marine and include seaweed and kelp • All are multicellular and large (often reaching lengths of 147 feet) • Individual alga may grow to a length of 100m with a holdfast, stipe and blade • Used in cosmetics and most ice creams
  • 13. Phylum Rhodophyta • 4000 species of RED Algae • Most are marine • Smaller than brown algae and are often found at a depth of 200 meters. • Contain chlorophyll a and C as well as phycobilins which are important in absorbing light that can penetrate deep into the water • Have cells coated in carageenan which is used in cosmetics, gelatin capsules and some cheeses
  • 14. Phylum Euglenophyta • 1000 species of Euglenoids • Have both plantlike and animal-like characteristics • Fresh water
  • 15. Other Phylum Representatives Diatoms – used in detergents, Dinoflagellates – red tides paint removers, toothpaste Golden algae Important in the formation of petroleum products
  • 16. Funguslike Protist Cellular Slime molds