Protist notes

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Kingdom Protista includes unicellular eukaryotic organisms that are not classified as animals, plants, or fungi. It is divided into three types: animal-like protists which are heterotrophic and include protozoans like amoebas and ciliates; plant-like protists which are photosynthetic and include algae; and fungus-like protists which are decomposers and include slime molds. Protists play important ecological roles as primary producers, decomposers, and parasites.

Kingdom Protista -Kingdom at the crossroads-

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Animal-like protists “Protozoans” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Plant-like protists ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Fungus-like protists ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Fungi get their nutrition by absorbing organic compounds from the environment. Fungi are heterotrophic: they rely solely on carbon obtained from other organisms for their metabolism and nutrition. Fungi have evolved in a way that allows many of them to use a large variety of organic substrates for growth, including simple compounds such as nitrate, ammonia, acetate, or ethanol. Their mode of nutrition defines the role of fungi in their environment. Fungi obtain nutrients in three different ways: They decompose dead organic matter. A saprotroph is an organism that obtains its nutrients from non-living organic matter, usually dead and decaying plant or animal matter, by absorbing soluble organic compounds. Saprotrophic fungi play very important roles as recyclers in ecosystem energy flow and biogeochemical cycles. Saprophytic fungi, such as shiitake (Lentinula edodes) and oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus), decompose dead plant and animal tissue by releasing enzymes from hyphal tips. In this way, they recycle organic materials back into the surrounding environment. Because of these abilities, fungi are the primary decomposers in forests. They feed on living hosts. As parasites, fungi live in or on other organisms and get their nutrients from their host. Parasitic fungi use enzymes to break down living tissue, which may cause illness in the host. Disease-causing fungi are parasitic. Recall that parasitism is a type of symbiotic relationship between organisms of different species in which one, the parasite, benefits from a close association with the other, the host, which is harmed. They live mutualistically with other organisms. Mutualistic fungi live harmlessly with other living organisms. Recall that mutualism is an interaction between individuals of two different species, in which both individuals benefit.

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Youtube video Link: https://youtu.be/7AgJpLvAv6Q Five kingdom classification -R.H. Whittaker in 1969 1. Monera— Kingdom of Prokaryotes 2. Protista— Kingdom of Unicellular Eukaryotes 3. Fungi— Kingdom of Multicellular Decomposers 4. Plantae — Kingdom of Multicellular Producers 5. Animalia — Kingdom of Multicellular Consumers Criteria for classification Complexity of cell structure- prokaryote, eukaryote Complexity of organisms- unicellular, multicellular Mode of nutrition- photo-autotrophy (in plantae), absorptive heterotrophy or saprophytic (in fungi) and ingestive heterotrophy (in animalia). Ecological Lifestyle- Producers(plants), consumers( animals), decomposers(fungi) Phylogenetic relationships- prokaryote to eukaryote, unicellular to multicellular Advantages of Five Kingdom Classification 1. Separation of prokaryotes in a separate kingdom of Monera as prokaryotes differ from all other organisms in their genetic, cellular, reproductive and physiological organization. 2. Fungi have never been related to plants. They have their own biochemical, physiological and structural organization. Separation of fungi into a separate kingdom was another advantage. Drawbacks of Five Kingdom Classification Viruses have not been included in this system of classification. Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria in structure, composition and physiology. protista has so many diversities that it is difficult to keep them together. For example, protista contain both walled and wall-less organisms, photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organisms, unicellular and filamentous or mycelial organisms. Unicellular algae are kept in kingdom Protista, whereas algae like multicelluar organisms are ketp in kingdom Plantae. But similar organisms must be put together.

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Biodiversity and Systematics Follow Atifa Ambreen: Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVTn-4KeMtXKy1h3_9JbVmw Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/atifaambreen786/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/atifa.ambreen/ https://www.instagram.com/invites/contact/?i=1qo1my1nb2qfx&utm_content=kbo8bi7 Snapchat: https://www.snapchat.com/add/atifa.ambreen Twitter: https://twitter.com/atifa_ambreen SUBSCRIBE ... . Email for inquiries: atifa.ambreen@gmail.com

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