Basic information on the Graphics displayed on the Ventilators. Prepared to educate about the graphics to train the professionals who work with Ventilators.
Basic information on the Graphics displayed on the Ventilators. Prepared to educate about the graphics to train the professionals who work with Ventilators.
An excellent tool to treat refractory hypoxia. Target audience are ICU junior physicians and Respiratory Therapists. It will take away the fear of "What is APRV?" from your hearts and you will feel ready to give it a try.
Patient ventilator interactions during mechanical ventilationDr.Mahmoud Abbas
Patient Ventilator Interaction during Mechanical Ventilation lecture presented by Dr.Lluis Blanch at Pulmonary Critical Care Egypt Meeting and Exhibition, January 2014. www.pccmegypt.com
Presentation of Dr. Dean Hess at 10th Pulmonary Medicine Update Course, Cairo, Egypt. Pulmonary Medicine Update Course is organized by Scribe : www.scribeofegypt.com
An excellent tool to treat refractory hypoxia. Target audience are ICU junior physicians and Respiratory Therapists. It will take away the fear of "What is APRV?" from your hearts and you will feel ready to give it a try.
Patient ventilator interactions during mechanical ventilationDr.Mahmoud Abbas
Patient Ventilator Interaction during Mechanical Ventilation lecture presented by Dr.Lluis Blanch at Pulmonary Critical Care Egypt Meeting and Exhibition, January 2014. www.pccmegypt.com
Presentation of Dr. Dean Hess at 10th Pulmonary Medicine Update Course, Cairo, Egypt. Pulmonary Medicine Update Course is organized by Scribe : www.scribeofegypt.com
This is a presentation covers the basics aspects of dual mode of mechanical ventilations. these modes that use the pressure control and volume control ventilation at the same time.
Created by:
Rob Chatburn, RRT RRT-NPS, FAARC
Research Manager – Respiratory Therapy
Cleveland Clinic
Associate Professor
Case Western Reserve University
Presentation of Dr.Lluis Blanch at Pulmonary Critical Care Egypt 2014 , January2014, the leading critical care conference and medical exhibition in Egypt.www.pccmegypt.com
High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is a type of mechanical ventilation that uses a constant distending pressure (mean airway pressure [MAP]) with pressure variations oscillating around the MAP at very high rates (up to 900 cycles per minute). This creates small tidal volumes, often less than the dead space.
Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is the use of breathing support administered through a face mask or nasal mask. Learn more about NIV in this presentation by Dr Somnath Longani, consultant Anaesthesiologist & Intensivist, Midland Healthcare & Research Center, lucknow
https://midlandhealthcare.org/
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
2. POINTS OF DISCUSSION
Triggered Modes of Ventilation
Volume Support (VS)
Proportional Assist Ventilation (PAV or PPS)
Hybrid Modes of Ventilation
Volume Assured Pressure Support
Pressure Regulated Volume Control (PRVC)
Auto mode: VS and PRVC
Adaptive Support Ventilation: ASV
Bi-level Ventilation (APRV and Bi-vent)
Mandatory Minute Ventilation (MMV)
3. NEW MODES OF VENTILATION
DUAL-CONTROLLED MODES
TypeType Manufacturer;Manufacturer;
ventilatorventilator
NameName
Dual control within a breathDual control within a breath VIASYS Healthcare; BirdVIASYS Healthcare; Bird
8400Sti and Tbird8400Sti and Tbird
VIASYS Healthcare; Bear 1000VIASYS Healthcare; Bear 1000
Volume-assured pressureVolume-assured pressure
supportsupport
Pressure augmentationPressure augmentation
Dual control breath to breath:Dual control breath to breath:
Pressure-limited flow-cycledPressure-limited flow-cycled
ventilationventilation
Siemens; servo 300Siemens; servo 300
Cardiopulmonary corporation;Cardiopulmonary corporation;
VenturiVenturi
Volume supportVolume support
Variable pressure supportVariable pressure support
Dual control breath to breath:Dual control breath to breath:
Pressure-limited time-cycledPressure-limited time-cycled
ventilationventilation
Siemens; servo 300Siemens; servo 300
Hamilton; GalileoHamilton; Galileo
Drager; Evita 4Drager; Evita 4
Cardiopulmonary corporation;Cardiopulmonary corporation;
VenturiVenturi
Pressure-regulated volumePressure-regulated volume
controlcontrol
Adaptive pressure ventilationAdaptive pressure ventilation
AutoflowAutoflow
Variable pressure controlVariable pressure control
Dual control breath to breath:Dual control breath to breath:
SIMVSIMV
Hamilton; GalileoHamilton; Galileo Adaptive support ventilationAdaptive support ventilation
4. DUAL CONTROL BREATH-TO-BREATH
PRESSURE-LIMITED FLOW-CYCLED VENTILATION
VOLUME SUPPORT
Control Trigger Limit Target Cycle
Pressure Patient Pressure Volume Flow
Pressure Limited Flow Cycled Ventilation
5. VS (VOLUME SUPPORT)
(1), VS test breath (5 cm H2O); (2), pressure is increased slowly until target volume is achieved; (3),
maximum available pressure is 5 cm H2O below upper pressure limit; (4), VT higher than set VT
delivered results in lower pressure; (5), patient can trigger breath; (6) if apnea alarm is detected,
ventilator switches to PRVC
1 2 3 4 5 6
Pressure
Upper Pressure limit
5 cm H2O
Flow
Apnea
5 cm H2O
Constant exp. Flow
6. Volume from
Ventilator=
Set tidal volume
Pressure limit
Based on VT/C
Cycle off
Calculate
compliance
Calculate new
Pressure limit
no
yes
yes
no
Control logic for volume support mode of the servo 300
Trigger
Flow= 5% of
Peak flow
7. DUAL CONTROL BREATH TO BREATH:
PROPORTIONAL ASSIST VENTILATION(PAS)/PROPORTIONAL PRESSURE
SUPPORT (PPS)
Control Trigger Limit Target Cycle
Pressure Patient Pressure Volume Flow
Pressure Limited Flow Cycled Ventilation
8. PROPORTIONAL ASSIST
VENTILATION (PAV)
Pressure
Flow
Time
Time
Rregulates the pressure output of the ventilator moment by moment in
accord with the patient’s demands for flow and volume.
Thus, when the patient wants more, (s)he gets more help; when less, (s)he
gets less. The timing and power synchrony are therefore nearly optimal—at
least in concept.
Changing pressure support based on patient’s efforts
9. PROPORTIONAL ASSIST
AMPLIFIES MUSCULAR EFFORT
Muscular effort (Pmus) and
airway pressure assistance
(Paw) are better matched for
Proportional Assist (PAV)
than for Pressure Support
(PSV).
10.
11. PAV (PROPORTIONAL ASSIST
VENTILATION)
Indications
Patients who have WOB
problems associated with
worsening lung
characteristics
Asynchronous patients who
are stable and have an
inspiratory effort
Ventilator-dependent
patients with COPD
12. PAV (PROPORTIONAL ASSIST
VENTILATION)
Patient must have an adequate
spontaneous respiratory drive
Variable VT and/or PIP
Correct determination of CL and Raw
is essential (difficult). Both under and
over estimates of CL and Raw during
ventilator setup may significantly
impair proper patient-ventilator
interaction, which may cause
excessive assist (“Runaway”) – the
pressure output from the ventilator
can exceed the pressure needed to
overcome the system impedance (CL
and Raw)
Air leak could cause excessive assist
or automatic cycling
Trigger effort may increase with auto-
PEEP
The patient controls the
ventilatory variables ( I, PIP,
TI, TE, VT)
Trends the changes of
ventilatory effort over time
When used with CPAP,
inspiratory muscle work is
near that of a normal subject
and may decrease or prevent
muscle atrophy
Lowers airway pressure
Disadvantages Advanyages
13. DUAL CONTROL WITHIN A
BREATH
VOLUME-ASSURED PRESSURE SUPPORT
Control Trigger Limit Target Cycle
Dual
Pressure/
Volume
Patient Pressure Volume Flow or
volume
Volume Assured Pressure Support Ventilation
15. Pressure at
Pressure support
delivered VT
≥ set VT
flow=
25% peak
Cycle off
inspiration
Insp flow
> Set flow
PAW <PSV
setting
delivered VT
= set VT
Switch to flow control
at peak flow setting
Trigger
yes
no
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
yes
Control logic for volume-assured pressure-support mode
yes
16. DUAL CONTROL BREATH-TO-BREATH
PRESSURE REGULATED VOLUME CONTROL
Control Trigger Limit Target Cycle
Volume Patient or
Time
Pressure Lowest
pressure
for set
volume
Time
Pressure-limited Time-cycled Ventilation
17. PRVC (PRESSURE REGULATED VOLUME
CONTROL)
PRVC. (1), Test breath (5 cm H2
O); (2) pressure is increased to deliver set volume; (3), maximum
available pressure; (4), breath delivered at preset E
, at preset f, and during preset TI
; (5), when VT
corresponds to set value, pressure remains constant; (6), if preset volume increases, pressure
decreases; the ventilator continually monitors and adapts to the patient’s needs
1 2 3 4 5 6
Upper Pressure Limit
5 cm H2OPressure
Floe
Time
Time
19. Volume from
Ventilator=
Set tidal volume
Time= set
Inspiratory time
Pressure limit
Based on VT/CTrigger Cycle off
Calculate
compliance
Calculate new
Pressure limit
no
yes
yes
no
Control logic for pressure-regulated volume control and autoflow
20. PRVC (PRESSURE REGULATED
VOLUME CONTROL)
Varying mean airway
pressure
May cause or worsen auto-
PEEP
When patient demand is
increased, pressure level may
diminish when support is
needed
May be tolerated poorly in
awake non-sedated patients
A sudden increase in
respiratory rate and demand
may result in a decrease in
ventilator support
Maintains a minimum PIP
Guaranteed VT
Patient has very little WOB
requirement
Allows patient control of
respiratory rate Decelerating
flow waveform for improved
gas distribution
Breath by breath analysis
Disadvantages and Risks Afvantages
21. PRVC (PRESSURE REGULATED
VOLUME CONTROL)
Indications
Patient who require the lowest possible pressure and a
guaranteed consistent VT
ALI/ARDS
Patient with the possibility of CL or Raw changes
22. AUTOMODE
Mandatory Spontaneous
PRVC VS
Ventilator triggered, pressure
controlled and time cycled;
the pressure is adjusted to
maintain the set tidal volume
Patient triggered, pressure
limited, and flow cycled.
Apnea for 12 seconds Two consecutive breaths
24. ASV (ADAPTIVE SUPPORT
VENTILATION)
A dual control mode that uses pressure
ventilation (both PC and PSV) to maintain a set
minimum E (volume target) using the least
required settings for minimal WOB depending on
the patient’s condition and effort
It automatically adapts to patient demand by
increasing or decreasing support, depending on the
patient’s elastic and resistive loads
25. ASV (ADAPTIVE SUPPORT
VENTILATION)
The clinician enters the patient’s IBW, which allows the
ventilator’s algorithm to choose a required E. The ventilator
then delivers 100 mL/min/kg.
A series of test breaths measures the system C, resistance and
auto-PEEP
If no spontaneous effort occurs, the ventilator determines the
appropriate respiratory rate, VT, and pressure limit delivered for
the mandatory breaths
I:E ratio and TI of the mandatory breaths are continually being
“optimized” by the ventilator to prevent auto-PEEP
If the patient begins having spontaneous breaths, the number of
mandatory breaths decrease and the ventilator switches to PS at
the same pressure level
Pressure limits for both mandatory and spontaneous breaths are
always being automatically adjusted to meet the E target
26.
27. ASV (ADAPTIVE SUPPORT
VENTILATION)
Indications
Full or partial ventilatory support
Patients requiring a lowest possible PIP and a guaranteed
VT
ALI/ARDS
Patients not breathing spontaneously and not triggering the
ventilator
Patient with the possibility of work land changes (CL and
Raw)
Facilitates weaning
28. ASV (ADAPTIVE SUPPORT
VENTILATION)
Inability to recognize and
adjust to changes in alveolar
VD
Possible respiratory muscle
atrophy
Varying mean airway
pressure
In patients with COPD, a
longer TE may be required
A sudden increase in
respiratory rate and demand
may result in a decrease in
ventilator support
Guaranteed VT and VR
Minimal patient WOB
Ventilator adapts to the
patient
Weaning is done
automatically and
continuously
Variable Vm to meet patient
demand
Decelerating flow waveform
for improved gas distribution
Breath by breath analysis
Disadvantages and Risks Advantages
29. MMV (MANDATORY MINUTE
VENTILATION)
AKA: Minimum Minute Ventilation or Augmented minute
ventilation
Operator sets a minimum E which usually is 70% - 90% of
patient’s current E. The ventilator provides whatever
part of the E that the patient is unable to accomplish.
This accomplished by increasing the breath rate or the
preset pressure.
It is a form of PSV where the PS level is not set, but rather
variable according to the patient’s need
30. MMV (MANDATORY MINUTE
VENTILATION)
Indications
Any patient who is spontaneously and is deemed ready to
wean
Patients with unstable ventilatory drive
31. MMV (MANDATORY MINUTE
VENTILATION)
An adequate E may not equal
sufficient A (e.g., rapid shallow
breathing)
The high rate alarm must be set
low enough to alert clinician of
rapid shallow breathing
Variable mean airway pressure
An inadequate set E
(>spontaneous E) can lead to
inadequate support and patient
fatigue
An excessive set E
(>spontaneous E) with no
spontaneous breathing can lead
to total support
Full to partial ventilatory
support
Allows spontaneous
ventilation with safety net
Patient’s E remains stable
Prevents hypoventilation
Disadvantages Advantages
40. APRV (AIRWAY PRESSURE
RELEASE VENTILATION)
Indications
Partial to full ventilatory support
Patients with ALI/ARDS
Patients with refractory hypoxemia
due to collapsed alveoli
Patients with massive atelectasis
May use with mild or no lung disease
41. APRV (AIRWAY PRESSURE RELEASE
VENTILATION)
Variable VT
Could be harmful to patients
with high expiratory
resistance (i.e., COPD or
asthma)
Auto-PEEP is usually present
Caution should be used with
hemodynamically unstable
patients
Asynchrony can occur is
spontaneous breaths are out
of sync with release time
Requires the presence of an
“active exhalation valve”
Allows inverse ratio ventilation
(IRV) with or without
spontaneous breathing (less need
for sedation or paralysis)
Improves patient-ventilator
synchrony if spontaneous
breathing is present
Improves mean airway pressure
Improves oxygenation by
stabilizing collapsed alveoli
Allows patients to breath
spontaneously while continuing
lung recruitment
Lowers PIP
May decrease physiologic
deadspace
Disadvantages and Risks Advantages