The document discusses the manufacturing process of tires. It begins with an introduction to tires, their history, and main types. It then describes the 8 main steps of tire manufacturing in detail: 1) mixing materials, 2) extruding the tread, 3) weaving plies, 4) preparing the bead core, 5) building process, 6) vulcanization, 7) trimming, and 8) final inspection. Factors that affect tire lifespan are also reviewed such as rotation, pressure, conditions, and age. The conclusion stresses that tires should be replaced within 5-6 years or 10,000-80,000 miles due to safety concerns.

1. Naveen Sihag
B.Tech(CS)

2.  What is a tire
 History
 Types of tires
 Manufacturing of tire
 Factors affecting lifespan of tires
 Conclusion
 References

3.  Tire: A hoop that covers a wheel;
 Protective covering that increases the
lifetime of a wheel.
 “Automobile tires are usually made of
rubber and filled with compressed air“.

4.  The first tires were made in 1800’s but it was
just rubber over wheel.
 In 1845 RW Thomson invented the air filled
tires.
 In 1888 John Dunlop reinvented the
pneumatic tires.
 It was first used in 1895 in automobiles.

5.  Basically there are 3 types of tires :--
 Bias Ply tires
 Radial tires and
 Bias Belted tires.

6.  The manufacturing of a tire can be broadly divided into 8
different steps which include
1. Mixing the materials
2. Extruding the tread
3. Weaving the plies
4. Preparing the bead core
5. Building process
6. Vulcanisation
7. Trimming
8. Final inspection

7. 1. Mixing the materials Mixing the materials
* Natural and synthetic rubber are combined
with carbon black, sulphur and chemical
products
*The resulting blend is called the "master
batch", which is formed into rubber sheets, and
cooled.
. Extruding the tread
2 Extruding the tread
*Heat is applied to the rubber
*It is put through extruders machines.
*It is then cooled and cut to specific tyre lengths.

8. 3. Weaving the plies Weaving the plies
*Spinning cords such as rayon, nylon, steel and
polyester undergo a process called “calendering”.
*The sheets are then cut at the proper angle into
specific widths and lengths
4. Preparing the bead core Preparing the bead core
* The bead core is formed by aligning.
* Plated steel wires are coated with rubber.
* It is wound on a coil to form bead rings.

9. 5. Building process
Building process
The building process involves two stages.
Stage 1:
* The inner liner, body plies and sidewalls are placed on
the building drum.
* The correctly-positioned beads rings are then
attached, results in automatic wrapping of the
ply edges around the bead core, and the
simultaneously movement of the sidewalls into
position.
Stage 2:
* Tyre is shaped by inflating the rubber and applying . Vulcanisation
side tread rubber, two steel belts and a cap ply to
achieve a "green" tyre.
6. Vulcanisation
* “Green” tyre is placed in a curing press for a certain
period (10-15 minutes) .
* Once heat and pressure is applied to tyre, it is then
removed from mould having achieved its final size, shape
and tread pattern.

10. 7. Trimming
Trimming
Excess rubber from the curing process is removed,
and the tyre is trimmed to order.
8. Final inspection
Final inspection
Each tyre is visually and electronically inspected for
balance, quality and uniformity. This final check
ensures consistent and reliable performance.

11.  Tire Rotation and Alignment
 Tire Pressures
 Driving Conditions
 Tire compound
 Calendar Age vs. Mileage

12.  A tire should not be used for more than
5-6 years.
 The life span of tire ranges from 10,000 to
80,000 miles.
 Even a minor error in manufacturing
tires can take some one’s life.