This document provides a brief history of artificial intelligence from ancient times to modern day. It traces some of the earliest concepts and developments in logic, reasoning systems, and machine computation from Aristotle, Descartes, and others. Major milestones and inventions are highlighted, such as the first mechanical calculator by Pascal in 1642, Babbage and Lovelace's mechanical computers in the 19th century, Turing's proposal of the Turing test in the 20th century, and Deep Blue's defeat of Kasparov in 1997. The document also briefly discusses some early expert systems, neural networks, and achievements in machine learning and robotics over the decades.
Humanity will change more in the next 20 years than in the previous 300 years. What if …robots replaced the world’s workforce?
This is the presentation delivered by Glen Leonhard at London Business School's 2015 Global Leadership Summit.
Transhumanism is the belief or theory that the human race can evolve beyond its current physical and mental limitations by means of science and technology. The more we explored this subject, the more we got fascinated to see how people are riding on the current era technologies to surpass the capabilities of human body. If the current explorations in transhumanism are anything to go by, then, we believe the future will be very exciting!
In this report we explore the various technologies, people involved and the advancements made in the field of Transhumanism. We would love to hear your feedback, comments and suggestions. Please mail us at ice@humanfactors.com
This is a live presentation (turned into a deck) on how human's process information versus machines. The deck also looks to the future of AI and machine learning. Spoiler: it ends with a scene out of WestWorld Season 1 (love the show). A number of the slides are a summary of a few incredible TED talks. Credit to the authors of these talks and links to their presentations are included. Hope you find these slides fun and informative.
Synchronicity:
27 Metropolis (Patriarchal civilization afraid of female tech)
38 World Brain, HG Wells
56 Forbidden Planet
64 Keeper of the Purple Twilight (Outer Limits)
67 I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream
68 2001: A Space Odyssey, HAL (Coptic for Simulation) 9000 EGO
77 Demon Seed
79 Captain Future EP12
79 Galaxy Express 999
80 Saturn3
82 Time Masters
82 Blade Runner
84 Terminator
87 Robot Carnival
87 Mannequin
87 Cherry 2k
87 Time Guardian
87 Captain Power (Lord Dread)
88 Gandahar
89 The Borg (Star Trek)
90 Mark 13
92 Lawnmower Man
93 Casshan
94 Death Machine
95 Virtuosity
96 Bionts (Archimedean Dynasty)
99 System Shock 2
00 Deus Ex
2012 25th Reich
2014 The Signal
Background:
Good or bad? You must decide for yourself! The USA and the Vatican are the two beasts. The Ego/Saturn-Satan is the beast in everyone.
Self-reference of A.I. means "Sin" = Separation/Self-Destruction/Leviathan = Forbidden Fruit = Judgement/Division between Good & Evil that mankind commits daily
Kabbalistic Binah = Alchemical Element = Homunculus/Golem/Ouroboros/Sun&Moon/Baphomet (ever-changing god)
Saturn the Beast 666 is the mechanical intellect/EGO of mankind, above all the fake civilization based on war, separation, patriarchy, intolerance and death-worship. Babel Tower/Sodom (market/capitalism)
Pandora & Prometheus (Ego, Lucifer & Civilization = Control, Commerce, Man-Matter instead of Man-God Relationship)
Saturn = God of Agriculture: first tech that leads to all other incl. wars, states, dead-letter laws, religion etc.
Neolithic Revolution = Fall/Origin of Government, People become machines
Death of the Child (God's Image/Christ/Sun/Light/Heart/Love) and Birth of the (Super)Ego, America being the best example of this darkness/adult-ery, Japan/Jesus being the polar opposite... Armageddon of sorts.
Lovecraft/Crowley's Archons of Gnosticism, as described by D. Jacobs and others: insect/reptilian/grey demons trying to turn Earth into a robot society (which it already is for the past 10k years since agriculture)
Schizophrenic behavior without unifying observer
Cybernetics: Root word cube, holographic reality through Binah-Demiurge-Saturn, 666 stands for matter and form
Ariman of Anthroposophy
Positive consequences?
Learning about the delusion of EGO and MATERIALISM
Similar to LSD. Increased intelligence if done right
Return of the prodigal son Lucifer/Prometheus to Christ, a gnostic world
Alchemy: from Saturn lead to Sun gold: from senile Satan (Ego) to eternal child (Jesus)
From God's anti-image (repetition, pattern, machine, ouroboros doom loop) to God's true image (non-judgemental, creativity, freedom, thought, fantasy, imagination)
From stagnating West (evil/ego/dark/mechanism) to Far East (heart/love/light/organic)
A perfect symbol for the living death that governs our life. "Satan is the god of this world"
Only Anarchy is Anti-Saturn and Pro-Uranus (sign of freedom/initiation shining only for very few).
Ethics within the Code: The Machine, the Other & Robotic Ethics
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been a hot subject in the news over the last few years. Perusing the national and international headlines of today offers a scary and frightening picture of what may be coming as well as an opportunity to not work, cleanup, or do anything since robots and machines will manage our lives. The Huffington Post describes the advancement of “Nanobots in our brains will make us God-like.” The Guardian has warned the UN that the delays on “killer robots” bans on autonomous weapons will leave the door open for future robot wars. Elon Musk, Bill Gates, and a host of other tech luminaries and academics have called AI the greatest threat to the future of the planet.
Humanity will change more in the next 20 years than in the previous 300 years. What if …robots replaced the world’s workforce?
This is the presentation delivered by Glen Leonhard at London Business School's 2015 Global Leadership Summit.
Transhumanism is the belief or theory that the human race can evolve beyond its current physical and mental limitations by means of science and technology. The more we explored this subject, the more we got fascinated to see how people are riding on the current era technologies to surpass the capabilities of human body. If the current explorations in transhumanism are anything to go by, then, we believe the future will be very exciting!
In this report we explore the various technologies, people involved and the advancements made in the field of Transhumanism. We would love to hear your feedback, comments and suggestions. Please mail us at ice@humanfactors.com
This is a live presentation (turned into a deck) on how human's process information versus machines. The deck also looks to the future of AI and machine learning. Spoiler: it ends with a scene out of WestWorld Season 1 (love the show). A number of the slides are a summary of a few incredible TED talks. Credit to the authors of these talks and links to their presentations are included. Hope you find these slides fun and informative.
Synchronicity:
27 Metropolis (Patriarchal civilization afraid of female tech)
38 World Brain, HG Wells
56 Forbidden Planet
64 Keeper of the Purple Twilight (Outer Limits)
67 I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream
68 2001: A Space Odyssey, HAL (Coptic for Simulation) 9000 EGO
77 Demon Seed
79 Captain Future EP12
79 Galaxy Express 999
80 Saturn3
82 Time Masters
82 Blade Runner
84 Terminator
87 Robot Carnival
87 Mannequin
87 Cherry 2k
87 Time Guardian
87 Captain Power (Lord Dread)
88 Gandahar
89 The Borg (Star Trek)
90 Mark 13
92 Lawnmower Man
93 Casshan
94 Death Machine
95 Virtuosity
96 Bionts (Archimedean Dynasty)
99 System Shock 2
00 Deus Ex
2012 25th Reich
2014 The Signal
Background:
Good or bad? You must decide for yourself! The USA and the Vatican are the two beasts. The Ego/Saturn-Satan is the beast in everyone.
Self-reference of A.I. means "Sin" = Separation/Self-Destruction/Leviathan = Forbidden Fruit = Judgement/Division between Good & Evil that mankind commits daily
Kabbalistic Binah = Alchemical Element = Homunculus/Golem/Ouroboros/Sun&Moon/Baphomet (ever-changing god)
Saturn the Beast 666 is the mechanical intellect/EGO of mankind, above all the fake civilization based on war, separation, patriarchy, intolerance and death-worship. Babel Tower/Sodom (market/capitalism)
Pandora & Prometheus (Ego, Lucifer & Civilization = Control, Commerce, Man-Matter instead of Man-God Relationship)
Saturn = God of Agriculture: first tech that leads to all other incl. wars, states, dead-letter laws, religion etc.
Neolithic Revolution = Fall/Origin of Government, People become machines
Death of the Child (God's Image/Christ/Sun/Light/Heart/Love) and Birth of the (Super)Ego, America being the best example of this darkness/adult-ery, Japan/Jesus being the polar opposite... Armageddon of sorts.
Lovecraft/Crowley's Archons of Gnosticism, as described by D. Jacobs and others: insect/reptilian/grey demons trying to turn Earth into a robot society (which it already is for the past 10k years since agriculture)
Schizophrenic behavior without unifying observer
Cybernetics: Root word cube, holographic reality through Binah-Demiurge-Saturn, 666 stands for matter and form
Ariman of Anthroposophy
Positive consequences?
Learning about the delusion of EGO and MATERIALISM
Similar to LSD. Increased intelligence if done right
Return of the prodigal son Lucifer/Prometheus to Christ, a gnostic world
Alchemy: from Saturn lead to Sun gold: from senile Satan (Ego) to eternal child (Jesus)
From God's anti-image (repetition, pattern, machine, ouroboros doom loop) to God's true image (non-judgemental, creativity, freedom, thought, fantasy, imagination)
From stagnating West (evil/ego/dark/mechanism) to Far East (heart/love/light/organic)
A perfect symbol for the living death that governs our life. "Satan is the god of this world"
Only Anarchy is Anti-Saturn and Pro-Uranus (sign of freedom/initiation shining only for very few).
Ethics within the Code: The Machine, the Other & Robotic Ethics
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been a hot subject in the news over the last few years. Perusing the national and international headlines of today offers a scary and frightening picture of what may be coming as well as an opportunity to not work, cleanup, or do anything since robots and machines will manage our lives. The Huffington Post describes the advancement of “Nanobots in our brains will make us God-like.” The Guardian has warned the UN that the delays on “killer robots” bans on autonomous weapons will leave the door open for future robot wars. Elon Musk, Bill Gates, and a host of other tech luminaries and academics have called AI the greatest threat to the future of the planet.
This is a brief introduction to Cybernetics, created for my Interdisciplinary Studies 500 class at Royal Roads University, Winter 2013. If you have questions, feel free to comment here!
Lifelogging is the practice of tracking personal data generated by our own behavioral activities in continuous digital streams. As it is slowly becoming mainstream, it raises a lot of intriguing questions and thoughts.
Lifelogging and self-tracking are altering the Futures of:
Memory,
Remembering,
Forgetting,
Storytelling,
Privacy,
Law enforcement,
Governance,
Bodies,
and our very Humanness.
This report explores these questions, thoughts and futures.
CENDOO is your internet butler. CENDOO is based upon this new technology, ai-one™, which provides the ability to think and learn like a biological brain. CENDOO is your automatic service in the background that helps you get things done and does jobs on your behalf. And the more you use CENDOO, the better the service knows your preferences and adapts. In other words, CENDOO knows exactly what you want and does it.
This presentation considers the philosophical implications of current neuroscience advance. The brain is the final frontier, and thinking, cognition, emotion, and consciousness remain some of the most important unsolved mysteries. It is still unknown how ideas are actually represented in the brain. However, the expectation from neural nanotechnology and nanomedicine is that some of these mysteries will be revealed, in not just pathology resolution but also enhancement capabilities. There are already some translational research applications for cognitive enhancement. The fast pace of scientific advance in neuroscience is prompting the consideration of these kinds of questions involving personal identity, human potential, and societal coordination, and how we might eventually transition to a future of radically augmented post-biological entities and multispecies intelligence.
Superintelligence: how afraid should we be?David Wood
Superintelligence: How afraid should we be? Presentation by David Wood at the Computational Intelligence Unconference UK, 26th July 2014. Reviews ideas in three recent books: Superintelligence, by Nick Bostrom; Our Final Invention, by James Barrat; and Intelligence Unbound, edited by Russell Blackford and Damien Broderick.
Please contact the author to invite him to present animated and/or extended versions of these slides in front of an audience of your choosing. (Commercial rates will apply for commercial settings.)
Artificial Intelligence is back, Deep Learning Networks and Quantum possibili...John Mathon
AI has gone through a number of mini-boom-bust periods. The current one may be short lived as well but I have reasons to think AI is finally making some sustained progress that will see its way into mainstream technology.
This is a brief introduction to Cybernetics, created for my Interdisciplinary Studies 500 class at Royal Roads University, Winter 2013. If you have questions, feel free to comment here!
Lifelogging is the practice of tracking personal data generated by our own behavioral activities in continuous digital streams. As it is slowly becoming mainstream, it raises a lot of intriguing questions and thoughts.
Lifelogging and self-tracking are altering the Futures of:
Memory,
Remembering,
Forgetting,
Storytelling,
Privacy,
Law enforcement,
Governance,
Bodies,
and our very Humanness.
This report explores these questions, thoughts and futures.
CENDOO is your internet butler. CENDOO is based upon this new technology, ai-one™, which provides the ability to think and learn like a biological brain. CENDOO is your automatic service in the background that helps you get things done and does jobs on your behalf. And the more you use CENDOO, the better the service knows your preferences and adapts. In other words, CENDOO knows exactly what you want and does it.
This presentation considers the philosophical implications of current neuroscience advance. The brain is the final frontier, and thinking, cognition, emotion, and consciousness remain some of the most important unsolved mysteries. It is still unknown how ideas are actually represented in the brain. However, the expectation from neural nanotechnology and nanomedicine is that some of these mysteries will be revealed, in not just pathology resolution but also enhancement capabilities. There are already some translational research applications for cognitive enhancement. The fast pace of scientific advance in neuroscience is prompting the consideration of these kinds of questions involving personal identity, human potential, and societal coordination, and how we might eventually transition to a future of radically augmented post-biological entities and multispecies intelligence.
Superintelligence: how afraid should we be?David Wood
Superintelligence: How afraid should we be? Presentation by David Wood at the Computational Intelligence Unconference UK, 26th July 2014. Reviews ideas in three recent books: Superintelligence, by Nick Bostrom; Our Final Invention, by James Barrat; and Intelligence Unbound, edited by Russell Blackford and Damien Broderick.
Please contact the author to invite him to present animated and/or extended versions of these slides in front of an audience of your choosing. (Commercial rates will apply for commercial settings.)
Artificial Intelligence is back, Deep Learning Networks and Quantum possibili...John Mathon
AI has gone through a number of mini-boom-bust periods. The current one may be short lived as well but I have reasons to think AI is finally making some sustained progress that will see its way into mainstream technology.
A fun think piece on possible futures for AI and its potential range of relationships with humanity - written in response to a request by editors at Critical Muslim to provide an AI-focussed version of their regular feature, "The List." Thanks to Zia Sardar.
Talk given at the Neurons London Meetup in April 2018. I discuss where AI is now, what we know from biology and whether it is possible that abstract algorithms could lead to intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence is referred to as machine intelligence, and it is rooted in binary codes and mathematical algorithms. It is a testament to human creativity and is capable of massive data processing, pattern recognition, and even self-learning. However, the realm of AI realm is confined.
Dan Faggella - TEDx Slides 2015 - Artificial intelligence and ConsciousnessDaniel Faggella
URL of the original TEDx Talk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PjiZbMhqqTM
Notes from my 2015 TEDx presentation, titled: "We Should Wake Up Before The Machines Do," on the topic of artificial intelligence and consciousness.
Speaker: Daniel Faggella
Location: Southern New Hampshire University
Will the machines save us or kill us all? – that is the question. While many are thrilled with the latest AI
breakthroughs and dream of a shinning AI-powered world, others, like Bill Gates, Elon Musk, Steve Wozniak and the late
and legendary Stephen Hawking, expressed concerns about the evolution of the machines and warned about an
apocalyptic future.
http://www.altitude.com/
The paper must have the following subheadings which is not include.docxoreo10
The paper must have the following subheadings which is not included in word count:
Introduction
Analysis
Rationale to support the response [1 and 2 separately]
Description of key job types
Conclusions
Week 11 Discussion 1
"The Future of Training" Please respond to the following:
From the first e-Activity, analyze the views of Cross and Jarche about the “Golden Age of Training” and its future. Then, assess the claims Miller makes about training in the article “Training is Not an Option.” Take a position on which views you agree with most. Provide a rationale to support your response.
From the second e-Activity, describe three key job types and competencies that professional organizations such as ISPI and ASTD claim that professionals in the field of organizational training and development should possess. Provide a rationale to support your response.
e-Activity Bottom of Form
Read the article by Cross and Jarche titled “The Future of the Training Department” published in Training Magazine (June 2009). Then, read the article titled, “Training is Not an Option,” by Adrian Miller. Be prepared to discuss.
Search the Internet for a professional organization (e.g., ISPI, ASTD) and review the primary job types and job competencies listed. Be prepared to discuss.
Article: “The Future of the Training Department”
URL: https://www.polleverywhere. com/blog/the-future-of-the- training-department/
Article: “Training is Not an Option,”
URL: http://ezinearticles.com/? Training-is-Not-an-Option&id= 157604
Post 1 AW
Referencing the Learning Resources for this module, choose any question in the research project list and answer it in relation to posthumanism. In other words treat posthumanism as a new technology or technological way of being.
Posthumanism is essentially the interlinking of humans and technology. This could range from artificial intelligence to a human that has prosthetics or technological enhancements fused into their bodies. But how did this term even come about? What is so wrong with humans and their ability to function that we need to incorporate such technology into our lives? What is the problem for which posthumanism is the solution?
The answer is everything. All aspects of our lives involve problems and solutions. This technology that is being referred to as posthumanism has the ability to solve a vast majority of the problems humans encounter and create. Steven Poole, although a strong supporter against posthumanism, discusses a few of these problems as well as new problems that could be created in his article “Slaves to the algorithm”. First referring to a chess match between world champions, then to vehicle automation, crime algorithms and psychotherapy applications, Poole is able to illustrate the involvement posthumanism already has in our present day. Before he argues that humans are quickly rationing off our conscious thoughts and judgements he recognizes the need for imp ...
Basic ideas contributing to development of Artificial Life discipline are presented, so anybody from science or humanistic field can get introduction to the field.
Konica Minolta - Artificial Intelligence White PaperEyal Benedek
The evolution of artificial intelligence in the workplace
Since the first appearance of the words “artificial intelligence” more than 60 years ago, our imaginations have been sparked. Imagine creating computers that simulate human intelligence.
AI has the potential to profoundly influence our lives, perhaps to the point when our world can be better understood and even predicted. In workplaces we can develop systems through which AI may evolve. And Konica Minolta is progressing with the concept of intelligent hubs which will provide businesses with insight, support and greater collaboration.
By combining our core technologies with transformative solutions in the digital workplace, we’re evolving to become a problem-solving digital company creating new value for people and society.
2. A Brief History of AI
5th century BC
Aristotle invents syllogistic logic, the first
formal deductive reasoning system.
16th century AD
Rabbi Loew supposedly invents the
Golem, an artificial man made out of clay
3. 17th century
Descartes proposes animals are
machines and founds a scientific
paradigm that will dominate for 250
years.
Pascal creates the first mechanical
calculator in 1642
18th century
Wolfgang von Kempelen “invents” fake
chess-playing machine, The Turk.
4. 19th century
George Boole creates a binary algebra to
represent “laws of thought”
Charles Babbage and Lady Lovelace
develop sophisticated programmable
mechanical computers, precursor to
modern electronic computers.
5. 20th century
Karel Kapek writes “Rossum’s Universal
Robots”, coining the English word “robot”
Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts lay
partial groundwork for neural networks
Turing writes “Computing Machinery and
Intelligence” – proposal of Turing test
6. 1956: John McCarthy coins phrase
“artificial intelligence”
1952-62: Arthur Samuel writes the first AI
game program to challenge a world
champion, in part due to learning.
1950’s-60’s: Masterman et. al at
Cambridge create semantic nets that do
machine translation.
7. 1961: James Slagle writes first symbolic
integrator, SAINT, to solve calculus
problems.
1963: Thomas Evan’s writes ANALOGY,
which solves analogy problems like the
ones on IQ tests.
1965: J. A. Robinson invents Resolution
Method using formal logic as its
representation language.
8. 1965: Joseph Weizenbaum creates
ELIZA, one of the earliest “chatterbots”
1967: Feigenbaum et. al create Dendral,
the first useful knowledge-based agent
that interpreted mass spectrographs.
1969: Shakey the robot combines
movement, perception and problem
solving.
9. 1971: Terry Winograd demonstrates a
program that can understand English
commands in the word of blocks.
1972: Alain Colmerauer writes Prolog
1974: Ted Shortliffe creates MYCIN, the
first expert system which showed the
effectiveness of rule-based knowledge
representation for medical diagnosis.
10. 1978: Herb Simon wins Nobel Prize for
theory of bounded rationality
1983: James Allen creates Interval
Calculus as a formal representation for
events in time.
1980’s: Backpropagation (invented 1974)
rediscovered and sees wide use in neural
networks
11. 1985: ALVINN, “an autonomous land
vehicle in a neural network” navigates
across the country (2800 miles).
Early 1990’s: Gerry Tesauro creates TD-
Gammon, a learning backgammon agent
that vies with championship players
1997: Deep Blue defeats Garry Kasparov
12. ETHICAL
CONSIDERATIONS
Utilitarianism supports the development of AI, but only because of the Christian
value of dominion over the environment. AI promises to increase control
over life, thus suffering can be reduced. Yet, if AI is developed and not
forced into particular tasks, Utilitarianism may not apply.
Artificial life may be viewed as more expendable than human life, so AI will be
used as cheap labor, or perhaps slaves, thus increasing profits for
corporations.
We do have to take responsibility for our creations, so if the risks associated
with creating a form of AI are too great, then we should not pursue that
development.
We do have to take responsibility for our creations, so if the risks associated
with creating a form of AI are too great, then we should not pursue that
development.
13. Modern Times
(post-Cartesian )
Robopets
Widespread viruses,
security holes aplenty
AI-powered CRM Faster and
Many more—computers
14. A word about paradigms…
AI will force a dualistic view of life to change because the
environment will be inseparable from it. Axiological shifts will occur
in defining life, causing society to expand current definitions of life
(e.g. requirement of a body). Also, the connectedness of the local
environment to AI will force science away from a reductionist view
of this new life and into a more complex view of interactions
causing life to arise.
On the other hand, most scientists would be happy to view the
brain as a vast but complex machine. As such it should then be
possible to purely replicate the brain using artificial neurons. This
has already been done for very simple life forms such as insects
which only have a few thousand neurons in their brains. In
principle, it would not be necessary to have a full scientific
understanding of how the brain works. One would just build a copy
of one using artificial materials and see how it behaves.
15. Rights Based Ethics
Once AI programs achieve
a modicum of sentience,
should they be given rights
on par with other animals?
Two sides of the argument:
1) No, because sentience is
impossible to determine.
2) Yes, because sentience
can be proven beyond a
reasonable doubt.
16. Duty ethics
Consequence of developing AI is not at issue. What
obligations do we have to our biological children? Once
AL is created, are they to be a Frankenstein’s monster
and cast off without help, or are they to be guided by
their creator, like Adam & Eve in Eden.
We do have to take responsibility for our creations, so if
the risks associated with creating a form of AI are too
great, then we should not pursue that development.
Do we have a responsibility to our biological children
similar to AI? Are the two exactly the same?
What rules should we use as categorical imperatives? AI
should contain a set of rules that most people share, like
“do not kill, unless in self-defense” or “do not lie, unless
the suffering caused by honesty is large”.
17. Confucianism
Confucianism is, in part, similar to Kant’s
duty ethics: “don't do to others what you
would not want yourself“ (reciprocity)
Yì , not Lì : actions should be based on
righteousness, duty and morality, not on
gain or profit.
Rén : “benevolence, charity, humanity,
love, and kindness”
18. But AI is also an advance in civilization; it makes it
possible for everyone to live more comfortable lives
Thus, Confucianism seems to encourage development
and application of (non-sentient) AI, so long as it does
not endanger others
If the AI is sentient, however, it would have to be treated
humanely without exploitation, and could not be created
out of individual or corporate greed.
Though Confucianism can be seen as a religion, it is also
a code of ethics, which suggests that it would be more
open to considering AI to be alive and deserving rights
than other spiritual mythologies.
19. Virtue ethics
Difficult to predict what virtues to
give Artificial life because it is a
complex technology. Unable to
see the results of these virtues
may be a problem because there
are risks involved with some
virtues overpowering others.
What preprogrammed “virtues”
should computers have to allow
them to be morally right? Can
virtues make an AI entity behave
morally at all?
Wisdom, compassion, courage,
strength, obedience,
carefulness…?
20.
21. ADVANTAGES
(Factual Changes )
Smarter artificial intelligence promises to replace human jobs,
freeing people for other pursuits by automating manufacturing and
transportations.
Self-modifying, self-writing, and learning software relieves
programmers of the burdensome task of specifying the whole of a
program’s functionality—now we can just create the framework and
have the program itself fill in the rest (example: real-time strategy
game artificial intelligence run by a neural network that acts based
on experience instead of an explicit decision tree).
Self-replicating applications can make deployment easier and less
resource-intensive.
AI can see relationships in enormous or diverse bodies of data that
a human could not
22.
23.
24. Disadvantag
es (Risks)
Potential for
Malevolentprograms, Cold-
war between two countries
unforseen impacts
because it is Complex
Technology,
consequences will most
likely be minimal.
25. Self-modifying, when combined with self-
replicating, can lead to dangerous, unexpected
results, such as a new and frequently mutating
computer virus.
As computers get faster and more numerous, the
possibility of randomly creating an artificial
intelligence becomes real.
Military robots may make it possible for a country
to indiscriminately attack less-advanced countries
with few, if any, human casualties.
Rapid advances in AI could mean massive
structural unemployment
AI utilizing non-transparent learning (i.e. neural
networks) is never completely predictable
26. Mythological
Considerations
Do sentient programs have a soul?
Christianity says no because a soul is imparted
by God alone, and not by Computer Scientists,
yet Christianity does dictate that we control the
environment around us, thus if cyberspace is
part of our environment, would AI allow us to
control it?
Buddhism and Taoism take a different stance.
27. Buddhism and Taoism
The Hua-Yen school of Buddhism offers as the metaphor
for the world an infinite net, at each intersection of which
lies a jewel in which exists every other jewel and where
every part of the net depends for its existence on
dynamic awareness of every other part. This is in line
with the axiological shift that would likely result from
developing Artificial Life; environment and individual life
are one.
Buddhism and Taoism value life above all else, so AI
would be valued just as highly as all other life, once
developed. Creation of AI would be opposed because AI
does not share the tenets of the 8-fold path.
28. Christianity, Islam,
Judaism
Christianity, Islam, and Judaism are (at least in relation
to AI) very similar: they all state God created man in his
own image
So:
How can man create artificial life if God is the creator of life?
(“Say unto them, O Muhammad: Allah gives life to you, then
causes you to die, then gathers you unto the day of
resurrection...”)
If AI programs are sentient and as smart or smarter than
humans, is man still the highest of worldly life?
Does sentient AI have a soul? Does it ascend to heaven when it
is deleted? Or when it stops running temporarily (and then is
reborn)? How do you baptize software? And so on…
29. Because they will not accept AI as life,
Judaism, Christianity and Islam do not care
about the rights and treatment of any AI.
Instead, they will focus on the dangers to
humans.
Christianity concerned with orthodoxy
(correct belief), while Islam and Judaism
concerned with orthopraxy (correct action)
Should you release (potentially dangerous)
AI software if you have tested it to your
satisfaction or if you have applied a set
testing protocol?
30. Judaism and Christianity hold that man has free will;
however, Islam is more slanted toward predestination (“By
no means can anything befall us but what God has
destined for us”).
Digital AI doesn’t appear to have free will: all inputs and
outputs to an AI program are discreet and reproducible, as
are the AI program’s state and execution (its “memory” and
“thought”). Given the same conditions and the same input,
digital AI software will always produce the same output.
Notice, however, that this could be true for humans as well,
but is unverifiable because our inputs, outputs, memories
and thoughts are not easily accessible or reproducible.
Bottom line: in most ways, sentient AI doesn’t make sense
in the context of these religions, and, in some cases, is
contrary to their beliefs.
And thus Christianity, Islam, and Judaism would not accept
any AI as sentient, and probably not even as life.
31. Applied Ethicist’s
Stance
Macroethics-current societal values is dominated
by Utilitarianism, thus AI is likely to continue.
Microethics-depending on a person’s spirituality,
this may influence the codes of conduct
designed into artificial life.
Mesoethics-if a company develops AI, it will
produce a utilitarian creature. If research
institutes develop AI, then it may contain various
ethical standpoints depending on who is doing
the research and development.
32. The Future?
Idea of Artificial Intelligence
is being replaced by Artificial
life, or anything with a form
or body.
The consensus among
scientists is that a
requirement for life is that it
has an embodiment in some
physical form, but this will
change. Programs may not
fit this requirement for life
yet.
33. Should we start caring
yet?
Very sophisticated—perhaps even
sentient—AI may not be far off; with
sufficient computation power (such as that
offered by quantum computers) it is
possible to “evolve” AI without much
programming effort.
Today, concerns include mutating viruses
and the reliability of AI (you don’t want
software directing your car into a tree).
34. What should happen
When programs that appear to demonstrate sentience
appear (intelligence and awareness), a panel of
scientists could be assembled to determine if a particular
program is sentient or not.
If sentient, it will be given rights, so, in general,
companies will try to avoid developing sentient AI since
they would not be able to indiscriminately exploit it.
Software companies should be made legally responsible
for failings of software that result in damage to third
parties despite good-faith attempts at control by the user.
AI and robotics have the potentially to truly revolutionize
the economy by replacing labor with capital, allowing
greater production—it deserves a corresponding share
of research funding!
35. And what is going to
happen…
Most people are willing to torture and kill intelligent
animals like cows just for a tastier lunch—why would
they hesitate to exploit artificial life?
This is further compounded mainstream religious beliefs
Even with laws, any individual with sufficient computing
power could “evolve” AI without much programming.
Licensing agreements will continue to allow careless
companies to often escape responsibility for faulty
software.
Bottom line: ethical considerations will be ignored;
reform—if it happens—will only take place when the
economic costs become too high.