This document discusses modulation formats including minimum shift keying (MSK) and Gaussian MSK. It provides details on MSK such as it having a modulation index of 0.5, which makes the signals orthogonal and easier to separate at the receiver. MSK provides benefits like constant envelope, good spectral efficiency, and better bit error rate performance compared to frequency shift keying. The document also contains equations for MSK, diagrams of MSK transmission and reception, and information on the power spectral density of MSK and how it compares to Gaussian MSK.

1. MODULATION
FORMATS
- Minimum Shift Keying
- Gaussian MSK

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3. MSK is known to be special type of Continuous Phase FSK
 The peak frequency deviation is ¼ the Bit Rate. In other
words, modulation index is kept at 0.5 to make the signals
orthogonal to each other.
 Orthogonality make the signal more Uncorrelated so that
easy to separate at the receiver end.
Kfsk= (2Δf)/Rb
Δf – Peak Frequency Deviation
Rb – Bit Rate
 Provides constant envelope
 Good Spectral Efficiency
 Good BER performance
 MSK is also called Fast FSK, Because the Frequency shift is
only Half that of used in FSK
Minimum Shift Keying - MSK

4. Equations of MSK

7. Transmission of MSK

8. Proof of Transmission

9. MSK modulation

10. MSK Receiver

11. MSK reception

12. Power Spectral Density of MSK

13. PSD of MSK

14. Simple GMSK generation

15. GMSK spectral shaping