2.6 ethernet ieee 802.32.6 ethernet ieee 802.32.6 ethernet ieee 802.3

1. Communication
Networks
Ethernet
– IEEE 802.3

2. Overview of Module - 2
• Framing
• What is Framing
• Types of Framing
• Methods for identifying the
boundaries
• Flow Control
• What is flow control
• Types of flow control
• Access Control
• What is access control
• Types of access control
• Ethernet – IEEE 802.3
• Evolution of Ethernet
• Frame Format of Ethernet
• Access Control for Ethernet
• Performance Evaluation of Ethernet
• WLAN – IEEE 802.11
• Architecture
• Bluetooth
• WIFI
• Zigbee
• 6LowPan
• Network Layer Services
• IPv4
• Packet switching
• Network Layer Protocols
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3. In this session:
EVOLUTION FRAME FORMAT
ADDRESSING ACCESS METHOD EFFICIENCY
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4. Ethernet – Evolution
• The Ethernet LAN was developed in the 1970s by Robert Metcalfe
and David Boggs. Since then, it has gone through four generations:
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5. Evolution of Ethernet – Standard Ethernet
• Entry level ethernet.
• Operated at data rate of 10Mbps
• Defined the frame format
• Use 48 bit addressing
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6. Evolution of Ethernet – Fast Ethernet
• Upgrade the data rate to 100 Mbps.
• Make it compatible with Standard
Ethernet.
• Keep the same 48-bit address.
• Keep the same frame format.
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7. Evolution of Ethernet – Gigabit Ethernet
• Upgrade the data rate to 1 Gbps.
• Make it compatible with Standard or Fast Ethernet.
• Use the same 48-bit address.
• Use the same frame format.
• Keep the same minimum and maximum frame
lengths.
• Support auto negotiation as defined in Fast Ethernet.
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8. Evolution of Ethernet – 10 Gigabit Ethernet
• upgrading the data rate to 10 Gbps,
• keeping the same frame size and format,
• allowing the interconnection of LANs, MANs, and WAN
possible.
• This data rate is possible only with fiber-optic technology
at this time.
• The standard defines two types of physical layers: LAN
PHY and WAN PHY.
• The first is designed to support existing LANs; the
second actually defines a WAN with links connected
through SONET OC-192.

9. Fiber optic Ethernet

10. Ethernet Frame Format
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11. PREAMBLE:
• 7 BYTES containing alternate 0’s and 1’s
• This alerts the receiving system about the
incoming frame and helps in synchronization
• This is added at physical layer. Not a part of
frame.
SFD (Start Frame Delimiter):
• This segment is 1 byte long.
• This indicates the start of the frame.
• The last 2 bits (11) alerts the receiver that the
next field is destination address.
Destination Address (DA):
• It is of 6 bytes.
• Contains the physical address of the
destination host or stations.
Source Address (SA):
• It is of 6 bytes.
• Contains the physical address of the Source host
or stations.
Length or Type:
• Used for 2 purpose
• Ethernet (Type) – To define the upper layer
protocol.
• IEEE (Length) – To specify the number of bytes in
the data field.
Data & Padding:
• It can be a minimum size from 46 bytes to
maximum of 1500 bytes.
• It carries data encapsulated from the upper
layer
Cyclic Redundancy Check :
• This field contains Error Detection Information.

12. Ethernet - Addressing
• Already Discussed in previous sections
• Ethernet uses MAC Address. Refer to Physical Addressing topic we
studied already
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13. Ethernet – Access Mechanism - CSMA CD
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14. Efficiency of Standard Ethernet
• The efficiency of the Ethernet is defined as the ratio of the time used by a
station to send data to the time the medium is occupied by this station.
The practical efficiency of standard Ethernet has been measured to be
Efficiency = 1 / (1 + 6.4 * a)
• in which the parameter “a” is the number of frames that can fit on the
medium.
• It can be calculated as a = (propagation delay)/(transmission delay).
• Note that as the value of parameter a decreases, the efficiency increases.
• This means that if the length of the media is shorter or the frame size longer,
the efficiency increases.
• In the ideal case, a = 0 and the efficiency is 1.
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15. Session Summary
Ethernet Concepts
• Evolution of Ethernet
• Standard Ethernet and their variations
• Fast Ethernet and their variations
• Gigabit Ethernet and their variations
• 10 Gigabit Ethernet and their variations
• Frame Format of Ethernet
• Access Control for Ethernet – [CSMA – CD]
• Performance Evaluation of Ethernet

16. References:
• Behrouz A. Forouzan, ―Data communication and Networking, Fifth
Edition, Tata McGraw – Hill, 2013
• Larry L. Peterson, Bruce S. Davie, ―Computer Networks: A Systems
Approach, Fifth Edition, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2011.
• Few online References (Will be Mentioned in the description Section)
Thank You…