DNA is the genetic material that can be transferred between species while remaining functional. It is a double helix with sequences of bases that carry genetic information through the G=C and A=T base pairing discovered by Watson and Crick. Mutations can change the DNA sequence either spontaneously or through induced mutagens and can be point mutations or frame-shifts that disrupt the genetic code stored in the DNA.

1. DNA is the genetic material

2. Transforming
Principle

3. Phage T2

4. Transfection

5. •DNA is the genetic material in
eukaryotes
•It can be transferred between different
species and yet remain functional

6. DNA is a double helix

7. Nucleic acid

8. Nucleosides

9. Sequences of bases is the form in which
genetic information is carried

10. Watson & Crick DNA double helix
•X-ray diffraction data
•Constant diameter of DNA
•G= C, A=T

11. Mutations change the sequence of
DNA

12. Mutations
•Spontaneous - Due to normal cellular operations
•Induced mutations - Due to mutagens

13. Nitrous acid
effect

14. BrdU
effect

15. Triplet code

16. Triplet code
•Genetic code
•Genetic information
•Codon

17. Frame-shift
mutations

18. Genetic code
•No overlapping
•Use fixed starting point

19. Blocked reading frames

20. mRNA

21. Gene may be longer than Prt
sequence

22. Gene may be longer than Prt
sequence

23. Eukaryotic genes are often interrupted

24. Organization of interrupted genes may
be conserved

25. Globin genes

26. Introns in Vertebrates

27. Exons in Eukaryotes

28. C-value

29. C-value

30. C-value

31. Amino acids
Proteins are dehydration polymers of amino acids
All 20 common amino acids are α-amino acids
They differ from each other in their side chains, or R groups

32. Stereoisomerism

33. Classification

34. Classification

35. Classification

36. Classification

37. Classification

39. Twenty publications that
influenced present view