Magnesium is an essential mineral involved in hundreds of biochemical reactions in the body. It is obtained through foods like green leafy vegetables, nuts, and legumes. Magnesium acts as a cofactor for enzymes involved in energy metabolism and helps relax muscles. Deficiency can cause symptoms like fatigue, weakness, and muscle cramps initially and more severe issues like abnormal heart rhythms if deficiency worsens. Maintaining adequate magnesium levels through diet and supplementation is important for overall health and well-being.

1. Metabolism of magnesium
and it’s disorder
Submitted by
ABDUL MUHEEM
M.PHARMA 2ND SEM.
(PHARMACEUTICS)
JAMIA HAMDARD

2. Content –
• Introduction
• Sources
• Diet intake
• Biochemical functions
• Action of Mg
• Transport of Mg
• Disorders
• References

3. Introduction
• Inorganic elemental atoms that are essential nutrients.
• Not changed by digestion or metabolism.
• The adult body contains about 20gm Mg ,70% of which
is found in bones in combination with Ca &
phosphorous.
• Soft tissue magnesium functions as a cofactor of many
enzymes involved in energy metabolism, protein
synthesis, RNA and DNA synthesis.
• Magnesium is an essential mineral used for hundreds
of biochemical reactions, making it crucial for health.

4. • All minerals are interconnected with each other.

5. Sources –
• Green leafy vegetables
• Seafood
• Legumes
• Nuts
• Dairy products
• Chocolate
• Brown rice
• Whole grains.

6. • Bioavailability influenced by: Calcium, Phosphorous.
• Even the magnesium inside whole grains and fresh
vegetables has been declining steadily in recent years
because of depletion of minerals in our soils, making
magnesium supplementation necessary for most people.

7. The modern diet, with an overabundance of refined
grains, processed foods and sugars, contains very little
magnesium.

8. Diet intake-
• ADULT MEN (19 to 30) 400mg
• 31 yrs. and older 420mg
• ADULT WOMEN (19 to 30) 310mg
• 31 yrs. and older 320mg

10. Biochemical functions of Mg-
• Magnesium is the most critical mineral required for
electrical stability of every cell in the body.
• Mg is required for the formation of bones & teeth.

11. • Mg serves as a cofactor for several enzymes
requiring ATP eq- glucokinase ,
phosphofructokinase, hexokinase.

12. Magnesium is considered the “anti-stress” mineral. It
is a natural tranquilizer that functions to relax skeletal
muscles as well as the smooth muscles of blood
vessels and the gastrointestinal tract

13. Action of magnesium –
• Initially much of this magnesium is readily
exchangeable with serum and therefore
represents a moderately accessible magnesium
store which can be drawn on in times of
deficiency.
• Neutralizes negatively charged ions
• Energy metabolism

14. • In plants, magnesium is necessary for synthesis of
chlorophyll and photosynthesis.

15. • Nerve & muscle function

16. Transport of Mg-
• Magnesium ions (Mg2+) in cellular biology
are usually in almost all senses opposite to
Ca2+ ions, because they are bivalent too, but
have greater electronegativity and thus hold
on to water molecules stronger, preventing
passage through the channel (even though
magnesium is smaller). Thus Mg2+ ions block
Ca2+ channels (NMDA channels) for example,
etc.

17. • Thus Mg2+ ions block Ca2+ channels (NMDA
channels) for example, etc.

18. Symptoms of Mg Deficiency –

19. Signs of severe magnesium deficiency include:
Extreme thirst
Extreme hunger
Frequent urination
Sores or bruises that heal slowly
Dry, itchy skin
Unexplained weight loss
Blurry vision that changes from day to day
Unusual tiredness or drowsiness
Tingling or numbness in the hands or feet
Frequent or recurring skin, gum, bladder or vaginal yeast
infections

20. • first symptoms of deficiency can be subtle – as
most magnesium is stored in the tissues, leg
cramps, foot pain, or muscle ‘twitches’ can be
the first sign.

21. • Magnesium deficiency will disturb sleep and
background stress levels.
• Other early signs of deficiency include loss of
appetite, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and weakness.

22. • Magnesium deficiency worsens, numbness, tingling,
seizures, personality changes, abnormal heart
rhythms, and coronary spasms can occur at resulted
lead to death

23. • Persons only slightly deficient in magnesium become
irritable, highly-strung, and sensitive to noise, hyper-
excitable, apprehensive and belligerent.
• A magnesium deficiency can affect virtually every
system of the body.

24. • Symptoms or signs of the cardiovascular system include
palpitations, heart arrhythmias, and angina due to
spasms of the coronary arteries, high blood pressure and
mitral valve prolapse.
• Anxiety and panic attacks are addressed by magnesium by
keeping adrenal stress hormones under control so it really
helps in dealing with stressful emergencies.

25. • Magnesium deficiency is a common factor associated
with insulin resistance.

26. • Magnesium deficiency is also associated with low
levels of potassium in the blood (hypokalemia).

27. Possible manifestations of magnesium deficiency:
Low energy Fatigue
Weakness Confusion
Nervousness Anxiousness
Irritability Seizures (and tantrums)
Poor digestion PMS and hormonal imbalances
Inability to sleep Muscle tension, spasm/cramps
Calcification of organs Weakening of the bones
Abnormal heart rhythm

28. References –
• Therapeutic use of Mg in anesthesiology, intensive
care and emer med: a review ,Laurent Dubé, Jean-
Claude, Can J intensive care 2003
• Review of functions of calcium, phosphorus and
magnesium, Shashank Joshi, JAPI Aug 2008
• Magnesium and the anaesthetist,David
Gambling,Laird Birmingham; Can J Anaesth 1988 /
35: 6 / pp644-54.
• Biochemistry by U.Satyanarayana,U.Chakrapani,third
edition ,arunabha sen books & allied(p) ltd.

29. • Thanks for your attention!