P
4
3
2
The document discusses properties of polynomials with multiple roots. It first proves that if a polynomial P(x) has a root x = a of multiplicity m, then the derivative of P(x), P'(x), will have a root x = a of multiplicity m-1. It then provides an example of solving a cubic equation given it has a double root. Finally, it examines a quartic polynomial and shows that its root α cannot be 0, 1, or -1, and that 1/
Semi - Detailed Lesson Plan about Rectangular Coordinate System. There is a lot of activities here. Try to send me a message so that I could send you a worksheet.
References are from Google.com.
Mathematics 9 Lesson 1-C: Roots and Coefficients of Quadratic EquationsJuan Miguel Palero
This powerpoint presentation discusses or talks about the topic or lesson Roots and Coefficients of Quadratic Equations. It also discusses and explains the rules, steps and examples of Roots and Coefficients of Quadratic Equations
Semi - Detailed Lesson Plan about Rectangular Coordinate System. There is a lot of activities here. Try to send me a message so that I could send you a worksheet.
References are from Google.com.
Mathematics 9 Lesson 1-C: Roots and Coefficients of Quadratic EquationsJuan Miguel Palero
This powerpoint presentation discusses or talks about the topic or lesson Roots and Coefficients of Quadratic Equations. It also discusses and explains the rules, steps and examples of Roots and Coefficients of Quadratic Equations
JEE Mathematics/ Lakshmikanta Satapathy/ Theory of Probability part 9 which explains Random variables , its probability distribution, Mean of a random variable and Variance of a random variable
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
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We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
2. Multiple Roots
If P(x), has a root, x = a, of multiplicity m,
then P’(x) has a root, x = a, of multiplicity m - 1
3. Multiple Roots
If P(x), has a root, x = a, of multiplicity m,
then P’(x) has a root, x = a, of multiplicity m - 1
Proof:
P x x a Q x
m
(m > 1, x = a is not a root of Q(x))
4. Multiple Roots
If P(x), has a root, x = a, of multiplicity m,
then P’(x) has a root, x = a, of multiplicity m - 1
Proof:
P x x a Q x
m
(m > 1, x = a is not a root of Q(x))
P x x a Q x Q x m x a
1
m 1
x a x a Q x mQ x
m
m 1
5. Multiple Roots
If P(x), has a root, x = a, of multiplicity m,
then P’(x) has a root, x = a, of multiplicity m - 1
Proof:
P x x a Q x
m
(m > 1, x = a is not a root of Q(x))
P x x a Q x Q x m x a
1
m 1
x a x a Q x mQ x
m1
x a R x
(where x = a is not a root of R(x))
m
m 1
6. Multiple Roots
If P(x), has a root, x = a, of multiplicity m,
then P’(x) has a root, x = a, of multiplicity m - 1
Proof:
P x x a Q x
m
(m > 1, x = a is not a root of Q(x))
P x x a Q x Q x m x a
1
m 1
x a x a Q x mQ x
m1
x a R x
(where x = a is not a root of R(x))
m
m 1
P’(x) has a root, x = a, of multiplicity m - 1
7. e.g. (i) Solve the equation x 3 4 x 2 3 x 18 0 , given that it has a
double root
8. e.g. (i) Solve the equation x 3 4 x 2 3 x 18 0 , given that it has a
double root
P x x 3 4 x 2 3 x 18
P x 3 x 2 8 x 3
9. e.g. (i) Solve the equation x 3 4 x 2 3 x 18 0 , given that it has a
double root
P x x 3 4 x 2 3 x 18
P x 3 x 2 8 x 3
3 x 1 x 3
1
x or x 3
double root is
3
10. e.g. (i) Solve the equation x 3 4 x 2 3 x 18 0 , given that it has a
double root
P x x 3 4 x 2 3 x 18
P x 3 x 2 8 x 3
3 x 1 x 3
1
x or x 3
double root is
3
NOT POSSIBLE
As (3x + 1) is not a factor
11. e.g. (i) Solve the equation x 3 4 x 2 3 x 18 0 , given that it has a
double root
P x x 3 4 x 2 3 x 18
P x 3 x 2 8 x 3
3 x 1 x 3
1
x or x 3
double root is
3
NOT POSSIBLE
As (3x + 1) is not a factor
x 3 4 x 2 3 x 18 0
x 32 x 2 0
12. e.g. (i) Solve the equation x 3 4 x 2 3 x 18 0 , given that it has a
double root
P x x 3 4 x 2 3 x 18
P x 3 x 2 8 x 3
3 x 1 x 3
1
x or x 3
double root is
3
NOT POSSIBLE
As (3x + 1) is not a factor
x 3 4 x 2 3 x 18 0
x 32 x 2 0
x 2 or x 3
13. (ii) (1991)
Let x be a root of the quartic polynomial;
P x x 4 Ax 3 Bx 2 Ax 1
where 2 B 2 4 A2
a) show that cannot be 0, 1 or -1
14. (ii) (1991)
Let x be a root of the quartic polynomial;
P x x 4 Ax 3 Bx 2 Ax 1
where 2 B 2 4 A2
a) show that cannot be 0, 1 or -1
P0 1 0, 0
15. (ii) (1991)
Let x be a root of the quartic polynomial;
P x x 4 Ax 3 Bx 2 Ax 1
where 2 B 2 4 A2
a) show that cannot be 0, 1 or -1
P0 1 0, 0
P1 1 A B A 1
2A B 2
16. (ii) (1991)
Let x be a root of the quartic polynomial;
P x x 4 Ax 3 Bx 2 Ax 1
where 2 B 2 4 A2
a) show that cannot be 0, 1 or -1
P0 1 0, 0
P1 1 A B A 1
2A B 2
P 1 1 A B A 1
2 A B 2
17. (ii) (1991)
Let x be a root of the quartic polynomial;
P x x 4 Ax 3 Bx 2 Ax 1
where 2 B 2 4 A2
a) show that cannot be 0, 1 or -1
P0 1 0, 0
P1 1 A B A 1
2A B 2
BUT
2 B 2 4 A2
P 1 1 A B A 1
2 A B 2
18. (ii) (1991)
Let x be a root of the quartic polynomial;
P x x 4 Ax 3 Bx 2 Ax 1
where 2 B 2 4 A2
a) show that cannot be 0, 1 or -1
P0 1 0, 0
P1 1 A B A 1
2A B 2
BUT
2 B 2 4 A2
2 B 2 A
2A B 2 0
P 1 1 A B A 1
2 A B 2
19. (ii) (1991)
Let x be a root of the quartic polynomial;
P x x 4 Ax 3 Bx 2 Ax 1
where 2 B 2 4 A2
a) show that cannot be 0, 1 or -1
P0 1 0, 0
P1 1 A B A 1
2A B 2
BUT
2 B 2 4 A2
2 B 2 A
2A B 2 0
P1 0, P 1 0
hence 1
P 1 1 A B A 1
2 A B 2
22. b) Show that
1
is a root
1 1 A B A 1
P
4
3
2
1 A B 2 A 3 4
4
23. b) Show that
1
is a root
1 1 A B A 1
P
4
3
2
1 A B 2 A 3 4
P
4
4
24. b) Show that
1
is a root
1 1 A B A 1
P
4
3
2
1 A B 2 A 3 4
P
4
4
0
4
0
( P 0 as is a root)
25. b) Show that
1
is a root
1 1 A B A 1
P
4
3
2
1 A B 2 A 3 4
P
4
4
0
4
0
1
is a root of P x
( P 0 as is a root)
26. c) Deduce that if is a multiple root, then its multiplicity is 2 and
4 B 8 A2
27. c) Deduce that if is a multiple root, then its multiplicity is 2 and
4 B 8 A2
1
If is a double root of P x , then so is , which accounts for 4 roots
28. c) Deduce that if is a multiple root, then its multiplicity is 2 and
4 B 8 A2
1
If is a double root of P x , then so is , which accounts for 4 roots
However P(x) is a quartic which has a maximum of 4 roots
29. c) Deduce that if is a multiple root, then its multiplicity is 2 and
4 B 8 A2
1
If is a double root of P x , then so is , which accounts for 4 roots
However P(x) is a quartic which has a maximum of 4 roots
Thus no roots can have a multiplicity > 2
30. c) Deduce that if is a multiple root, then its multiplicity is 2 and
4 B 8 A2
1
If is a double root of P x , then so is , which accounts for 4 roots
However P(x) is a quartic which has a maximum of 4 roots
Thus no roots can have a multiplicity > 2
P x 4 x 3 Ax 2 Bx A
3
2
let the roots be ,
1
and
31. c) Deduce that if is a multiple root, then its multiplicity is 2 and
4 B 8 A2
1
If is a double root of P x , then so is , which accounts for 4 roots
However P(x) is a quartic which has a maximum of 4 roots
Thus no roots can have a multiplicity > 2
P x 4 x 3 Ax 2 Bx A
1
3
A
4
1
1 B
2
1
A
4
3
2
let the roots be ,
1
sum of roots (1)
(2)
(3)
and