This document provides an overview of diagnostic techniques used in virology laboratories, including direct antigen detection, rapid antigen detection assays, molecular detection methods like PCR, viral cell culture techniques, and specimen collection and transport. It discusses the diagnostic methods for specific virus families like Herpesviridae, Adenoviridae, Parvoviridae, Papovaviridae, Hepadnaviridae, Flaviviridae, Picornaviridae, and Orthomyxoviridae. Key points covered include the use of direct fluorescent antibody staining, enzyme immunoassays, viral culture characteristics and cytopathic effects, histopathology features, and serological assays for various virus identification.