Water jet cutting is a versatile and precise cutting process that uses a high-pressure stream of water, with or without an abrasive material, to cut materials. It can cut almost any material and produces no heat-affected zone. There are two main types - pure water jets which are used for softer materials, and abrasive water jets which use abrasives mixed with water to cut harder materials. The process involves forcing water or a water-abrasive mixture through a nozzle at extremely high pressure to cut materials. It has many advantages over other cutting methods like lasers or EDM such as being safer, faster, and producing less heat and burrs.
Water jet cutting is a machining method that uses a high-pressure stream of water, sometimes with an abrasive material added, to cut materials. It is a non-thermal process so there is no heat affected zone on the material. Water jet cutting can cut a variety of materials either with just water or by mixing in an abrasive material for harder substrates. It has advantages over other cutting methods in that it produces no heat, fumes or burrs and can cut many material types, but has limitations in cutting speed for some harder materials.
The document discusses abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM). It begins by explaining that AWJM uses a high pressure water jet mixed with abrasive particles to cut materials. It then discusses the history and development of AWJM, the types of water jets (pure water jet and abrasive water jet), how AWJM works, its applications in cutting a wide variety of materials, advantages like lack of heat affected zones and ability to cut complex shapes, and comparisons to other machining methods. The document provides examples of materials cut with AWJM and concludes by discussing trends in using more environmentally friendly methods like cryogenic abrasive jet machining.
Electron beam machining (EBM) utilizes a focused beam of high-velocity electrons to perform high-speed drilling and cutting. It works by melting and rapidly vaporizing material through intense heating caused by bombarding electrons. The process requires vacuum and uses a cathode, magnetic lenses, and other equipment to generate and focus the electron beam. EBM can drill small, high aspect ratio holes in almost any material without mechanical forces. It has high material removal rates but also high equipment costs and non-productive pump down times. Applications include drilling, sheet perforation, and circuit pattern generation.
Micro-drilling Using Step-forward MethodWaqas Ahmed
1. The document discusses micro-drilling using a step-forward feeding method to address issues with conventional micro-drilling such as tool breakage.
2. An experiment was conducted using different micro-drill diameters and step numbers to drill holes in steel workpieces with and without cutting oil.
3. The results showed that using step-forward feeding and cutting oil reduced cutting forces, burr formation, and tool damage compared to conventional micro-drilling without cutting oil.
The document discusses abrasive jet machining, which uses a high-velocity stream of abrasive particles carried by compressed air or gas to erode material through micro-cutting and brittle fracture. It describes the process, components, process parameters like abrasives, carrier gas, and nozzle used. Applications include cutting brittle materials like glass, ceramics, and silicon. Key advantages are cool cutting of heat-sensitive materials and high surface finish quality.
The document discusses abrasive water jet machining (AWJM), which is a non-traditional machining process that uses the mechanical energy of high-pressure water and abrasive particles to remove material. It defines AWJM and describes the entrained and suspended types of AWJM systems, explaining how high-pressure water and abrasives are used to erode materials. Applications of AWJM include cutting of soft materials, textiles, leather, frozen foods, and uses in surgery and mass immunization.
Abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) is a non-traditional machining process that uses a high-pressure stream of water mixed with abrasive particles to erode materials. It works by converting the kinetic energy of the water-abrasive jet into high pressure upon impacting the workpiece surface, removing material when the pressure exceeds the part's strength. The document discusses the AWJM process, including its mechanism of localized erosion, key parameters like water pressure and abrasive flow rate, applications in cutting a wide range of materials, advantages like flexibility and lack of heat, and limitations for hard or thick materials.
Water jet cutting is a versatile and precise cutting process that uses a high-pressure stream of water, with or without an abrasive material, to cut materials. It can cut almost any material and produces no heat-affected zone. There are two main types - pure water jets which are used for softer materials, and abrasive water jets which use abrasives mixed with water to cut harder materials. The process involves forcing water or a water-abrasive mixture through a nozzle at extremely high pressure to cut materials. It has many advantages over other cutting methods like lasers or EDM such as being safer, faster, and producing less heat and burrs.
Water jet cutting is a machining method that uses a high-pressure stream of water, sometimes with an abrasive material added, to cut materials. It is a non-thermal process so there is no heat affected zone on the material. Water jet cutting can cut a variety of materials either with just water or by mixing in an abrasive material for harder substrates. It has advantages over other cutting methods in that it produces no heat, fumes or burrs and can cut many material types, but has limitations in cutting speed for some harder materials.
The document discusses abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM). It begins by explaining that AWJM uses a high pressure water jet mixed with abrasive particles to cut materials. It then discusses the history and development of AWJM, the types of water jets (pure water jet and abrasive water jet), how AWJM works, its applications in cutting a wide variety of materials, advantages like lack of heat affected zones and ability to cut complex shapes, and comparisons to other machining methods. The document provides examples of materials cut with AWJM and concludes by discussing trends in using more environmentally friendly methods like cryogenic abrasive jet machining.
Electron beam machining (EBM) utilizes a focused beam of high-velocity electrons to perform high-speed drilling and cutting. It works by melting and rapidly vaporizing material through intense heating caused by bombarding electrons. The process requires vacuum and uses a cathode, magnetic lenses, and other equipment to generate and focus the electron beam. EBM can drill small, high aspect ratio holes in almost any material without mechanical forces. It has high material removal rates but also high equipment costs and non-productive pump down times. Applications include drilling, sheet perforation, and circuit pattern generation.
Micro-drilling Using Step-forward MethodWaqas Ahmed
1. The document discusses micro-drilling using a step-forward feeding method to address issues with conventional micro-drilling such as tool breakage.
2. An experiment was conducted using different micro-drill diameters and step numbers to drill holes in steel workpieces with and without cutting oil.
3. The results showed that using step-forward feeding and cutting oil reduced cutting forces, burr formation, and tool damage compared to conventional micro-drilling without cutting oil.
The document discusses abrasive jet machining, which uses a high-velocity stream of abrasive particles carried by compressed air or gas to erode material through micro-cutting and brittle fracture. It describes the process, components, process parameters like abrasives, carrier gas, and nozzle used. Applications include cutting brittle materials like glass, ceramics, and silicon. Key advantages are cool cutting of heat-sensitive materials and high surface finish quality.
The document discusses abrasive water jet machining (AWJM), which is a non-traditional machining process that uses the mechanical energy of high-pressure water and abrasive particles to remove material. It defines AWJM and describes the entrained and suspended types of AWJM systems, explaining how high-pressure water and abrasives are used to erode materials. Applications of AWJM include cutting of soft materials, textiles, leather, frozen foods, and uses in surgery and mass immunization.
Abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) is a non-traditional machining process that uses a high-pressure stream of water mixed with abrasive particles to erode materials. It works by converting the kinetic energy of the water-abrasive jet into high pressure upon impacting the workpiece surface, removing material when the pressure exceeds the part's strength. The document discusses the AWJM process, including its mechanism of localized erosion, key parameters like water pressure and abrasive flow rate, applications in cutting a wide range of materials, advantages like flexibility and lack of heat, and limitations for hard or thick materials.
Electro Stream Drilling (ESD) is an electrochemical machining process that uses a high velocity stream of negatively charged acidic electrolyte to drill small diameter holes. It can drill holes between 0.127-0.89 mm using a voltage of 150-850 V. Unlike conventional electrochemical drilling, debris dissolved in the acidic electrolyte prevents clogging. ESD can drill deep and accurate holes through either dwell drilling or penetration drilling methods and offers advantages like high aspect ratio holes, low surface roughness, and no burrs or residual stresses. However, it has high initial costs and is limited to electrically conductive materials.
Water jet machining is a non-traditional machining process that uses high-pressure water jets to cut soft materials without direct contact between the tool and workpiece. It involves pumping water into an intensifier to pressurize it up to 400 MPa before passing through a nozzle, where it gains tremendous kinetic energy and is able to cut the workpiece. Only soft materials can be cut using this eco-friendly process, which provides high precision cutting without heat damage and automatically cleans the surface.
Water jet machining and Abrasive water jet machiningHassan Alrefaey
This document provides an overview of water jet machining (WJM) and abrasive water jet machining (AWJM). It discusses the working principles, history, types of systems and components. Key points covered include: WJM uses high-pressure water only while AWJM mixes abrasives with water to cut harder materials; applications include cutting various soft materials for WJM and metals, glass for AWJM; factors like pressure, abrasives, stand-off distance affect performance; and limitations include high costs and inability to cut very hard materials like diamonds.
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a non-traditional machining process where material is removed from a conductive workpiece through controlled anodic dissolution. During ECM, electrolytic reactions occur between the tool (cathode) and workpiece (anode) in an electrolyte like NaCl solution. Positively charged metal ions from the workpiece dissolve into the electrolyte, while hydrogen gas forms on the tool. The dissolved metal precipitates as sludge. ECM provides excellent surface finish and stress-free surfaces due to atomic-level material removal. The material removal rate depends on process parameters like current, electrolyte composition, and material properties based on Faraday's laws of electrolysis.
Non-traditional manufacturing processes is defined as a group of processes that remove excess material by various techniques involving mechanical, thermal, electrical or chemical energy or combinations of these energies
Explosive forming is a metal shaping technique that uses an explosive charge to generate high forming pressures. There are two main methods - the stand off method places a metal plate over a die and positions an explosive above the plate, while the contact method places the explosive in direct contact with the workpiece. The rapid conversion of the explosive to gas produces a shock wave with pressures up to several million psi that can form metal sheets into complex shapes in a single operation, making it suitable for aerospace applications requiring large or low-quantity customized parts.
Plasma arc machining (PAM) uses a high-temperature plasma jet to melt and remove material. It works by ionizing gas into a plasma state over 50,000°C and directing it as a high-velocity stream onto the workpiece. PAM can machine hard metals with good accuracy and at a fast rate. It finds applications in tube mills, welding of specialty alloys, and nuclear systems. While expensive initially, PAM provides precision control. Variations include conventional, air, and dual-flow plasma arc cutting.
This document provides an overview of advanced nano finishing processes. It describes abrasive flow machining, chemo mechanical polishing, magnetic abrasive finishing, magneto rheological finishing, and magneto rheological abrasive flow finishing. For each process, it outlines the basic principles, construction and working, process parameters, advantages, limitations, and applications. Abrasive flow machining uses a semisolid abrasive media to remove small amounts of material from surfaces. Chemo mechanical polishing combines chemical etching and abrasive polishing, while magnetic abrasive finishing uses magnetic particles to form an abrasive brush for finishing. Magneto rheological finishing takes advantage of smart fluids that change viscosity in magnetic fields for precision mach
Water jet machining uses a high pressure stream of water, sometimes with an abrasive additive, to cut materials. Key aspects of the process include a water jet that travels at speeds of 540-1400 m/s to erode material from the workpiece surface. Parameters like pressure, abrasive grain size, and speed affect the performance and quality of cuts. Water jet machining provides advantages like flexibility, environmental friendliness, and stress-free cuts of many materials without heat or debris. However, initial costs can be high and material removal rates are low.
Chemical and photo-chemical machining are non-traditional machining processes that use chemicals to remove material from a workpiece. Chemical machining involves protecting areas of the workpiece with maskants and then immersing or spraying the workpiece with chemical etchants to dissolve the exposed material. Photochemical machining uses photographic techniques to apply a light-sensitive mask before etching. Electrochemical machining applies a voltage between the workpiece and tool to create a controlled chemical dissolution of material. These processes can precisely machine complex shapes without mechanical forces.
This document discusses the theory and mechanics of metal cutting. It begins by defining metal cutting as removing unwanted material from a workpiece through cutting, abrasion, or non-traditional processes. It then covers the basics of orthogonal and oblique metal cutting, tool geometry including rake and relief angles, and different types of chips that can form. The document also discusses important considerations for metal cutting like cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and tool materials commonly used including high-speed steel, cemented carbides, and ceramics.
Water jet machining uses a high-pressure jet of water to cut materials. Key components include an intensifier that increases water pressure to 3800 bar, an accumulator that maintains uniform pressure, and a sapphire nozzle that forms the jet. It can cut a variety of materials with few limitations and without heat or tool wear. Advantages are flexibility, accuracy, minimal kerf and burrs, and no heat affected zones.
Electric discharge machining (EDM) is a machining process that uses electrical sparks to erode metals. It works by maintaining a precise gap between an electrode tool and a metal workpiece submerged in a dielectric fluid. Repeated electrical sparks are generated to melt and vaporize small amounts of metal from both the tool and workpiece, allowing complex and hard-to-machine shapes to be produced. EDM can machine metals regardless of hardness and without mechanical force, giving it advantages over traditional machining methods for difficult-to-cut materials.
The document discusses various types of grinding processes including conventional grinding, micro grinding, ultra precision grinding, and piezoelectric nano grinding. Conventional grinding includes surface grinding, cylindrical grinding, internal grinding, and centerless grinding. Micro grinding uses a nickel coated ceramic tool with microscale diamond particles to machine at the nanoscale. Ultra precision grinding can achieve mirror finishes with dimensional accuracy of a few micrometers and surface roughness of 5nm. Piezoelectric nano grinding uses the piezoelectric effect to remove small fragments of material from a substrate for applications such as biomedical devices.
The document discusses selective laser sintering (SLS), a rapid prototyping technology that uses a laser to fuse powdered material into a 3D object. SLS works by scanning cross-sections from a CAD file onto a powder bed, fusing the material with a laser. This process is repeated layer-by-layer until the object is complete. SLS offers advantages like high accuracy, flexibility in materials used, and the ability to produce complex parts without supports. Some disadvantages are higher costs and potentially weaker parts compared to traditional manufacturing. The document provides details on the SLS process, parameters, materials used, defects that can occur, and applications.
Ultrasonic machining (USM) is a mechanical process that uses high frequency vibrations and an abrasive slurry to erode fine holes and cavities in hard or brittle materials. It is well-suited for machining brittle materials like glass, ceramics, and semiconductors. The material removal occurs through abrasion by the particles in the slurry, with no thermal or chemical changes to the workpiece. USM produces intricate shapes and profiles with good surface finish and integrity.
Please refer this file just as reference material. More concentration should on class room work and text book methodology.
Thermal aspects of Machining, Tool materials, Tool wear Cutting fluids and Machinability.
The document provides information about the history and working of water jet cutters. It discusses how water jet cutting originated in the 1950s and evolved over time with improvements to nozzle design, addition of abrasives, and development of high pressure pumps and motion control systems. The key developments include using abrasives to cut hard materials in the 1930s, reliable high pressure pumps in the 1960s, precise motion control in the 1990s, and modern water jet cutters that can switch between pure water and abrasive water jets. It then explains the basic working of water jet cutters, including how water is pressurized up to 50,000 psi using intensifier pumps and exits the nozzle or mixing tube at very high speeds to cut materials
Water jet machining uses a high-pressure stream of water to cut materials. It is a cold cutting process that produces no heat-affected zones. The water jet travels at supersonic speeds and erodes material when the local pressure exceeds the material's strength. Key components include a hydraulic pump to pressurize water, an intensifier to further pressurize it, and a nozzle to direct the jet. It can cut a variety of materials and offers advantages over other cutting methods like reduced burrs, flexibility of cutting complex shapes, and not producing heat or fumes. However, it is not suitable for high-volume production.
Electro Stream Drilling (ESD) is an electrochemical machining process that uses a high velocity stream of negatively charged acidic electrolyte to drill small diameter holes. It can drill holes between 0.127-0.89 mm using a voltage of 150-850 V. Unlike conventional electrochemical drilling, debris dissolved in the acidic electrolyte prevents clogging. ESD can drill deep and accurate holes through either dwell drilling or penetration drilling methods and offers advantages like high aspect ratio holes, low surface roughness, and no burrs or residual stresses. However, it has high initial costs and is limited to electrically conductive materials.
Water jet machining is a non-traditional machining process that uses high-pressure water jets to cut soft materials without direct contact between the tool and workpiece. It involves pumping water into an intensifier to pressurize it up to 400 MPa before passing through a nozzle, where it gains tremendous kinetic energy and is able to cut the workpiece. Only soft materials can be cut using this eco-friendly process, which provides high precision cutting without heat damage and automatically cleans the surface.
Water jet machining and Abrasive water jet machiningHassan Alrefaey
This document provides an overview of water jet machining (WJM) and abrasive water jet machining (AWJM). It discusses the working principles, history, types of systems and components. Key points covered include: WJM uses high-pressure water only while AWJM mixes abrasives with water to cut harder materials; applications include cutting various soft materials for WJM and metals, glass for AWJM; factors like pressure, abrasives, stand-off distance affect performance; and limitations include high costs and inability to cut very hard materials like diamonds.
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a non-traditional machining process where material is removed from a conductive workpiece through controlled anodic dissolution. During ECM, electrolytic reactions occur between the tool (cathode) and workpiece (anode) in an electrolyte like NaCl solution. Positively charged metal ions from the workpiece dissolve into the electrolyte, while hydrogen gas forms on the tool. The dissolved metal precipitates as sludge. ECM provides excellent surface finish and stress-free surfaces due to atomic-level material removal. The material removal rate depends on process parameters like current, electrolyte composition, and material properties based on Faraday's laws of electrolysis.
Non-traditional manufacturing processes is defined as a group of processes that remove excess material by various techniques involving mechanical, thermal, electrical or chemical energy or combinations of these energies
Explosive forming is a metal shaping technique that uses an explosive charge to generate high forming pressures. There are two main methods - the stand off method places a metal plate over a die and positions an explosive above the plate, while the contact method places the explosive in direct contact with the workpiece. The rapid conversion of the explosive to gas produces a shock wave with pressures up to several million psi that can form metal sheets into complex shapes in a single operation, making it suitable for aerospace applications requiring large or low-quantity customized parts.
Plasma arc machining (PAM) uses a high-temperature plasma jet to melt and remove material. It works by ionizing gas into a plasma state over 50,000°C and directing it as a high-velocity stream onto the workpiece. PAM can machine hard metals with good accuracy and at a fast rate. It finds applications in tube mills, welding of specialty alloys, and nuclear systems. While expensive initially, PAM provides precision control. Variations include conventional, air, and dual-flow plasma arc cutting.
This document provides an overview of advanced nano finishing processes. It describes abrasive flow machining, chemo mechanical polishing, magnetic abrasive finishing, magneto rheological finishing, and magneto rheological abrasive flow finishing. For each process, it outlines the basic principles, construction and working, process parameters, advantages, limitations, and applications. Abrasive flow machining uses a semisolid abrasive media to remove small amounts of material from surfaces. Chemo mechanical polishing combines chemical etching and abrasive polishing, while magnetic abrasive finishing uses magnetic particles to form an abrasive brush for finishing. Magneto rheological finishing takes advantage of smart fluids that change viscosity in magnetic fields for precision mach
Water jet machining uses a high pressure stream of water, sometimes with an abrasive additive, to cut materials. Key aspects of the process include a water jet that travels at speeds of 540-1400 m/s to erode material from the workpiece surface. Parameters like pressure, abrasive grain size, and speed affect the performance and quality of cuts. Water jet machining provides advantages like flexibility, environmental friendliness, and stress-free cuts of many materials without heat or debris. However, initial costs can be high and material removal rates are low.
Chemical and photo-chemical machining are non-traditional machining processes that use chemicals to remove material from a workpiece. Chemical machining involves protecting areas of the workpiece with maskants and then immersing or spraying the workpiece with chemical etchants to dissolve the exposed material. Photochemical machining uses photographic techniques to apply a light-sensitive mask before etching. Electrochemical machining applies a voltage between the workpiece and tool to create a controlled chemical dissolution of material. These processes can precisely machine complex shapes without mechanical forces.
This document discusses the theory and mechanics of metal cutting. It begins by defining metal cutting as removing unwanted material from a workpiece through cutting, abrasion, or non-traditional processes. It then covers the basics of orthogonal and oblique metal cutting, tool geometry including rake and relief angles, and different types of chips that can form. The document also discusses important considerations for metal cutting like cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and tool materials commonly used including high-speed steel, cemented carbides, and ceramics.
Water jet machining uses a high-pressure jet of water to cut materials. Key components include an intensifier that increases water pressure to 3800 bar, an accumulator that maintains uniform pressure, and a sapphire nozzle that forms the jet. It can cut a variety of materials with few limitations and without heat or tool wear. Advantages are flexibility, accuracy, minimal kerf and burrs, and no heat affected zones.
Electric discharge machining (EDM) is a machining process that uses electrical sparks to erode metals. It works by maintaining a precise gap between an electrode tool and a metal workpiece submerged in a dielectric fluid. Repeated electrical sparks are generated to melt and vaporize small amounts of metal from both the tool and workpiece, allowing complex and hard-to-machine shapes to be produced. EDM can machine metals regardless of hardness and without mechanical force, giving it advantages over traditional machining methods for difficult-to-cut materials.
The document discusses various types of grinding processes including conventional grinding, micro grinding, ultra precision grinding, and piezoelectric nano grinding. Conventional grinding includes surface grinding, cylindrical grinding, internal grinding, and centerless grinding. Micro grinding uses a nickel coated ceramic tool with microscale diamond particles to machine at the nanoscale. Ultra precision grinding can achieve mirror finishes with dimensional accuracy of a few micrometers and surface roughness of 5nm. Piezoelectric nano grinding uses the piezoelectric effect to remove small fragments of material from a substrate for applications such as biomedical devices.
The document discusses selective laser sintering (SLS), a rapid prototyping technology that uses a laser to fuse powdered material into a 3D object. SLS works by scanning cross-sections from a CAD file onto a powder bed, fusing the material with a laser. This process is repeated layer-by-layer until the object is complete. SLS offers advantages like high accuracy, flexibility in materials used, and the ability to produce complex parts without supports. Some disadvantages are higher costs and potentially weaker parts compared to traditional manufacturing. The document provides details on the SLS process, parameters, materials used, defects that can occur, and applications.
Ultrasonic machining (USM) is a mechanical process that uses high frequency vibrations and an abrasive slurry to erode fine holes and cavities in hard or brittle materials. It is well-suited for machining brittle materials like glass, ceramics, and semiconductors. The material removal occurs through abrasion by the particles in the slurry, with no thermal or chemical changes to the workpiece. USM produces intricate shapes and profiles with good surface finish and integrity.
Please refer this file just as reference material. More concentration should on class room work and text book methodology.
Thermal aspects of Machining, Tool materials, Tool wear Cutting fluids and Machinability.
The document provides information about the history and working of water jet cutters. It discusses how water jet cutting originated in the 1950s and evolved over time with improvements to nozzle design, addition of abrasives, and development of high pressure pumps and motion control systems. The key developments include using abrasives to cut hard materials in the 1930s, reliable high pressure pumps in the 1960s, precise motion control in the 1990s, and modern water jet cutters that can switch between pure water and abrasive water jets. It then explains the basic working of water jet cutters, including how water is pressurized up to 50,000 psi using intensifier pumps and exits the nozzle or mixing tube at very high speeds to cut materials
Water jet machining uses a high-pressure stream of water to cut materials. It is a cold cutting process that produces no heat-affected zones. The water jet travels at supersonic speeds and erodes material when the local pressure exceeds the material's strength. Key components include a hydraulic pump to pressurize water, an intensifier to further pressurize it, and a nozzle to direct the jet. It can cut a variety of materials and offers advantages over other cutting methods like reduced burrs, flexibility of cutting complex shapes, and not producing heat or fumes. However, it is not suitable for high-volume production.
The document discusses water jet machining, which uses high-pressure water to cut materials. It works by eroding material using a water jet with a small diameter nozzle operating at velocities over 900m/s. The main components are an intensifier, accumulator, oil pump, water jet nozzle, and XYZ motion controller. Water jet machining can cut a variety of materials without heat or burrs and is commonly used in industries like shoe and printed circuit board manufacturing. It has advantages over lasers such as being safer, requiring simpler maintenance, and able to cut heat-sensitive materials.
Abrasive water jet machining uses a high-pressure water stream to accelerate abrasive particles to cut through materials. It works by mixing abrasive particles into the water jet as it exits the nozzle. The coherent abrasive water jet can then cut hard materials through two mechanisms - erosion at shallow impact angles and deformation wear at deeper angles into the cut. Key process parameters that influence the cut include water pressure, abrasive flow rate, particle size, traverse speed, and stand-off distance from the workpiece. Abrasive water jet machining combines the capabilities of waterjet machining and abrasive jet machining to cut a wide range of materials with a narrow kerf even at great depths.
Abrasive jet machining uses a high-pressure stream of abrasive particles suspended in a liquid to erode material from a workpiece. It involves a pump, mixing tube, nozzle, and motion system to direct the abrasive jet. Key components include an abrasive delivery system to store and feed abrasive, a control system to vary the feed rate, and a precision motion table. The process provides fast setup, requires no start holes, uses a single tool, and generates no heat in the workpiece. However, removal rates are low and accuracy can decrease with deeper cuts.
Abrasive jet machining uses a high-pressure stream of abrasive particles carried by gas or water to erode material from a workpiece. Key components include an abrasive delivery system, control system, pump, nozzle, and motion system. It can precisely cut hard materials like ceramics and glass. While removal rates are slower than other machining methods, AJM requires no start holes and generates minimal heat or vibration in the workpiece.
Abrasive jet machining is an unconventional machining process that uses a high-velocity stream of abrasive particles suspended in a gas to remove material through erosion. It can machine hard and brittle materials that cannot be cut through conventional processes. The process involves mixing abrasive particles with a pressurized gas and passing them through a nozzle to erode away the workpiece material. It provides advantages like ability to machine heat-sensitive materials without damaging them and capability to cut intricate holes, but has low material removal rates and accuracy issues due to stray cutting.
Water jet cutting uses a high-pressure jet of water, or water with an abrasive added, to cut materials. It is a non-thermal process that causes no heat damage. The document discusses the principles of water jet cutting, the types of water jets, how it works, its applications and advantages over other cutting methods like having no heat-affected zones and being able to cut almost any material.
Water jet cutting uses a high-pressure jet of water, or water with an abrasive added, to cut materials. It is a non-thermal process that causes no heat damage and can cut almost any material. In abrasive water jet cutting, abrasive particles are mixed into the water jet, allowing it to cut harder materials. Water jet cutting produces no heat-affected zones, burrs, or other thermal effects, and it can cut very intricate shapes with precision. It is used in industries like aerospace, automotive, and stone cutting.
Water jet Machining / Abrasive Water jet Machningmohit99033
Abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) is a non-traditional machining process that uses a high-pressure stream of water mixed with abrasive particles to cut materials. It involves pumping water at very high pressures through a nozzle to accelerate the water and abrasive particles to high speeds. As the abrasive water jet impacts the workpiece, the concentrated mechanical energy of the particles removes material through erosion. AWJM can cut a wide variety of materials, produces very little heat or waste, and leaves a smooth finish. However, it has high costs and cannot accurately machine very thick parts.
Waterjet cutting is used in a variety of applications for food cutting, including pizza, cakes, meats, fish, candy bars and all types of frozen food. USDA approved pure water cutting offers the greatest value by water jet cutting with using multiple cutting heads in a sanitary environment. For more information: http://www.kmtwaterjet.com/food.aspx
Waterjet cutting technology uses high-pressure water to cut almost any material efficiently while maintaining low costs. It pressurizes water up to 60,000 psi and forces it through a diamond tip to cut materials. Waterjet offers flexibility in manufacturing and more cutting options compared to other methods. It generates no heat or harmful particles, results in a small kerf width and little wasted material, and can quickly cut prototype parts or be automated for production.
The following presentation contains facts about how abrasives are used in water jet cutting. It also provides information about the largest garnet abrasive manufacturers and exporters in India, like VV Mineral. They are the first private ilmenite exporters of India. VV Minerals India has a huge market share in Europe, Middle East, East Asia, Australia and USA. They are based in Tamil Nadu and the company is owned by Mr. S. Vaikundarajan.
The document discusses abrasive water jet machining (AWJM). It was developed in 1974 to clean metal prior to surface treatment. AWJM involves pumping water at high pressures of 200-400 MPa and passing it through a small orifice to create a high-velocity water jet. Abrasive particles are added to the water jet in the mixing chamber, becoming entrained and accelerating to cut materials 10 times faster than conventional machining of composites. Common abrasives used include silicon carbides and sand.
The document discusses non-conventional machining processes, specifically various types of jet machining. It describes abrasive jet machining where abrasives are mixed with water to cut materials. Airbrasive jet machining uses high pressure air and powder to cut. Fluid jet machining uses high pressure liquid through a nozzle. Water is most common but other fluids can be used. Jet machining has advantages like burrless cuts, omnidirectional cutting, and no heat affected zones. It is suitable for brittle materials, composites, and producing long tapered walls in deep cuts.
The document discusses different braking systems used in railway vehicles. It begins by explaining that brakes are critical for stopping and controlling the speed of trains by converting their kinetic energy into heat. There are four main types of braking systems: pneumatic, electrodynamic, mechanical, and electromagnetic. Pneumatic braking uses air pressure and includes vacuum and compressed air systems. Electrodynamic braking uses traction motors to brake trains, while mechanical brakes use friction directly on the wheels. Electromagnetic braking is particularly important for high-speed trains where it provides efficient braking through magnets. The document explores these different systems in further detail and concludes that electromagnetic braking is the most efficient method for high-speed trains.
Fedtech is a custom and contract manufacturer specializing in waterjet and laser cutting services. They have over 50 years of combined sales experience and provide friendly and efficient customer service. Fedtech uses laser cutting and waterjet cutting to process a variety of materials, and has 12 waterjet work cells, 3 laser work cells, and 50,000 square feet of production space. They ensure quality through ISO 9001:2000 certification and inspection equipment.
The document discusses abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM). It begins by explaining that AWJM uses a high pressure water jet mixed with abrasive particles to cut materials. It then provides details on the history and development of AWJM, the types of materials it can cut, its advantages over other machining methods like its lack of heat affected zones, and some limitations. The document also discusses the process and variables involved in AWJM as well as common applications. It concludes by noting AWJM is a growing technology that provides environmentally friendly machining.
The document discusses abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM). It begins by explaining that AWJM uses a high pressure water jet mixed with abrasive particles to cut materials. It then provides details on the history and development of AWJM, the types of materials it can cut, its advantages over other machining methods like its lack of heat affected zones, and some limitations. The document also discusses the process and variables involved in AWJM as well as common applications. It concludes by noting AWJM is a growing technology that provides environmentally friendly machining.
Abrassive Water-Jet Machining by Himanshu VaidHimanshu Vaid
Waterjet cutting is a versatile machining process that uses a high-pressure stream of water, or water with an abrasive added, to cut materials. It can cut both soft materials like cardboard as well as hard materials like steel. Waterjet cutting produces no heat affected zone and leaves a smooth, burr-free edge. It is suitable for cutting a wide range of materials and shapes quickly and with high precision. The main limitations are slower cutting of very hard materials and potential loss of accuracy for thick parts.
*Fastest growing machining process
*One of the most versatile machining processes
*Compliments other technologies such as milling, laser, EDM, plasma and routers
*True cold cutting process – no HAZ, mechanical stresses or operator and environmental hazards
*Not limited to machining – food industry applications
This presentation discusses waterjet machining. It is a versatile machining process that uses high-pressure water or water mixed with abrasives to cut materials. Waterjet machining is useful for both soft materials cut with plain water jets and hard materials cut with abrasive water jets. It has advantages over other cutting techniques in that it produces no heat affected zone, can cut a wide range of materials, and is environmentally friendly. The presentation provides details on the history, mechanisms, applications and capabilities of waterjet machining.
Used to cut much harder materials
Water is not used directly to cut material as in Pure, instead water is used to accelerate abrasive particles which do the cutting
Abrasive jet machining uses abrasive particles suspended in a gas or liquid to machine materials through erosion. Key points include:
- Abrasive particles like aluminum oxide or silicon carbide are accelerated to high velocities and directed at a workpiece to erode away material.
- Process parameters like abrasive size and flow rate influence the material removal rate, with larger abrasives providing higher removal.
- Applications include cutting, cleaning, etching, and polishing of brittle materials like ceramics, concrete, and composites that are difficult to machine with traditional methods.
- While allowing machining of hard materials, abrasive jet machining has low material removal rates and issues with stray cutting
Abrasive jet machining uses abrasive particles suspended in a gas or liquid to machine materials. It can cut harder materials like ceramics and composites faster than conventional machining. The abrasive particles impact the workpiece at high velocities of 150-300 m/s, removing material through brittle fracture. Larger abrasive grain sizes and higher flow rates increase the material removal rate. Common abrasives include aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, and magnesium carbonate.
Flow waterjet machines are used to cut reflective materials, such as stainless steel, polished brass, conductive materials, heat resisting, and heat sensitive materials can be cut with little or no discoloration, and no heat affected zones. They can also cut composites, stone, tile, glass, food products.
The document discusses machining and cutting of composite materials. It addresses the challenges of machining composites, including heat buildup, tool wear, and delamination. It describes common machining operations like cutting, drilling, grinding and waterjet/laser cutting. For drilling specifically, it notes the use of tungsten carbide or diamond coated tools and how fiber orientation affects delamination. Positive rake angles on tools are preferred to reduce pressure and heat when machining composites.
The document discusses abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM), a non-conventional machining process. It provides a brief history of AWJM, describing how abrasives were added to waterjets in the 1970s to allow cutting of harder materials. The key components of an AWJM system are described, including water reservoirs, intensifier pumps to generate ultra-high water pressures, multi-axis motion systems, and abrasive-fed nozzles. Advantages are clean cutting with minimal heat impact and ability to cut a wide range of materials efficiently. Disadvantages include high operating costs for hard materials and inability to cut very thick parts. The document outlines applications and provides comparisons to other non-conventional machining methods.
One of the widely used industrial cutting process described in brief for the beginners. Water jet cutting process is a industrial tool capable of cutting wide variety of materials using very high pressure of a mixture of water and abrasive material. They are often used during fabrication of machine parts.
Waterjet technology is basically the flow of water to the pump which then reaches pressures up to 100,000 psi and through high pressure tubing and out to the cutting head. There are two types of water jet cutting.
This document discusses water jet cutting technology. It describes how water jets work by using high-pressure water or water with abrasive particles to cut materials. Water jets can cut with precision and versatility across many materials without generating heat. They have grown in popularity for applications in architecture, aerospace, manufacturing, automotive and electronics due to their safety, lack of mechanical stress on materials, and environmental friendliness. While generally effective, water jets are less suitable for cutting thick or hardened materials.
This document provides an overview of water jet and abrasive water jet machining processes. It discusses how water jet machining works by using high pressure water to cut materials. It then explains how abrasive water jet machining incorporates abrasive materials into water jets to increase cutting speed and the range of cuttable materials. The document outlines several applications for each process and compares them to other machining methods like lasers and milling. It also discusses factors that influence the cost of operating water jet systems and predicts continued growth and advances in water jet technology in the future.
This document discusses waterjet cutting, including what it is, where it is used, how it works, its advantages and limitations. Waterjet cutting uses high-pressure water or water with abrasives to cut materials. It can cut virtually any material, has a fast setup, leaves little heat damage, and is environmentally friendly. However, cutting hard metals or thick materials reduces cutting speed. Waterjet cutting is used in machine shops, artistic works, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other industries.
Unconventional manufacturing processes remove material using mechanical, thermal, electrical or chemical energy rather than sharp cutting tools. They are used for very hard, brittle materials that cannot be easily machined through traditional processes. There are several types of unconventional processes including abrasive jet machining (AJM), electrochemical machining (ECM), and laser beam machining (LBM). AJM works by using a high velocity stream of abrasive particles to remove material through micro-cutting or brittle fracture. Water jet machining (WJM) uses high pressure water to cut softer materials while abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) adds abrasive particles to the water jet to cut harder materials. Both WJM
This slide contains theoritical and analytical study about "about abrasive water jet machining process" and it has also discription about " OMAX 60120 abrasive water jet machine.Here analytical stydy is done with mainly ss-304 material.
This document discusses water jet machining, which uses high-pressure water to cut materials. It begins with an introduction and outline. It then explains the working principle of water jet machining, which involves using the erosive effects of a high-velocity water jet. The main parts of a water jet machining system are described as the intensifier, accumulator, hydraulic pump, valve, nozzle and motion controller. The document discusses the process, cutting of various materials, advantages like no heat-affected zone, and applications such as food preparation and cutting asbestos. It compares water jets to lasers and provides examples of parts made using water jet machining.
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2. What is waterjet cutting? Waterjet cutting is… A method of manufacturing that uses a high pressure water stream to cut through material Pressure of the water gets up to (and sometimes more than) 60,000 PSI Water exits the nozzle in the cutting head with a cutting diameter of 0.020” to 0.060”
3. What is waterjet cutting? (cont.) Waterjet cutting… Uses garnet abrasive combined with the cutting stream to cut through the material Processes up to 12” thick material This includes: Rubber Stainless Steel Carbon Steel Plastic Copper Brass Armor Plating Aluminum
4. Advantages of Waterjet Cutting There are no heat affected zones (HAZ) The material does not get warped, discolored or hardened Ability to manufacture burr-free parts No jagged edges or burrs Near net shape cutting Eliminates the need for secondary operations Can cut through thick materials Up to 12” in thickness
22. Why use waterjet cutting? When companies outsource work to manufacture their custom products proficiently, waterjet cutting is often an advantageous option Waterjet cutting allows for fast turnaround times It’s also a very efficient cutting method No burr No heat affected zones Multiple head cutting allows nesting of parts which is like ‘multi-tasking’ for the waterjet, as it is able to cut numerous parts at once
27. Thank You Do you have any questions on waterjet cutting? Email us at Sarahw@fedtech.com You can also follow us on Twitter! @Fedtechinc See our cutting videos on Youtube as well! Username: Waterjetter08