*Fastest growing machining process
*One of the most versatile machining processes
*Compliments other technologies such as milling, laser, EDM, plasma and routers
*True cold cutting process – no HAZ, mechanical stresses or operator and environmental hazards
*Not limited to machining – food industry applications
Used to cut much harder materials
Water is not used directly to cut material as in Pure, instead water is used to accelerate abrasive particles which do the cutting
The following presentation contains facts about how abrasives are used in water jet cutting. It also provides information about the largest garnet abrasive manufacturers and exporters in India, like VV Mineral. They are the first private ilmenite exporters of India. VV Minerals India has a huge market share in Europe, Middle East, East Asia, Australia and USA. They are based in Tamil Nadu and the company is owned by Mr. S. Vaikundarajan.
Used to cut much harder materials
Water is not used directly to cut material as in Pure, instead water is used to accelerate abrasive particles which do the cutting
The following presentation contains facts about how abrasives are used in water jet cutting. It also provides information about the largest garnet abrasive manufacturers and exporters in India, like VV Mineral. They are the first private ilmenite exporters of India. VV Minerals India has a huge market share in Europe, Middle East, East Asia, Australia and USA. They are based in Tamil Nadu and the company is owned by Mr. S. Vaikundarajan.
This slide contains theoritical and analytical study about "about abrasive water jet machining process" and it has also discription about " OMAX 60120 abrasive water jet machine.Here analytical stydy is done with mainly ss-304 material.
This slide contains theoritical and analytical study about "about abrasive water jet machining process" and it has also discription about " OMAX 60120 abrasive water jet machine.Here analytical stydy is done with mainly ss-304 material.
One of the widely used industrial cutting process described in brief for the beginners. Water jet cutting process is a industrial tool capable of cutting wide variety of materials using very high pressure of a mixture of water and abrasive material. They are often used during fabrication of machine parts.
UNCONVENTIONAL MACHINING PROCESS CLASSIFICATION-MECHANICAL ENERGY METHODS-ELECTRICAL ENERGY METHODS-CHEMICAL ENERGY METHODS-ELECTRO CHEMICAL ENERGY METHODS-THERMALENERGY METHODS.
In wireless charging the current coming from the wall power outlet moves through the wire in the wireless charger, creating a magnetic field. The magnetic field creates a current in the coil inside the device. This coil is connected to the battery and the current charges the battery. The two induction coils in proximity combine to form an electrical transformer.
*LI-FI is transmission of data through illumination, sending data through a LED light bulb that varies in intensity faster than human eye can follow.
*It is the fast and wireless communication system which is optical version of the Wi-Fi.
*Many developing countries confront widespread theft of electricity from government owned power utilities.
*In India electricity theft leads to annual losses estimated at USA $4.5 billion, about 1.5 percent of GDP.
*Honest consumers, poor people and those without connections bear system inefficiencies and inadequate and unreliable power supply are the losers due to power theft
Automatic meter reading is a technology used in utility meter for collecting the datas need for billing purposes.it works by translating the movement of the mechanical dials on a meter into a digital signals,does not require physical access or visual inspection.The data can be transmitted from the meter to the utility company by telephone,power line,satellite,cable or radio frequency
In general a wireless power system consists of a "transmitter" connected to a source of power such as a mains power line, which converts the power to a time-varying electromagnetic field, and one or more "receiver" devices which receive the power and convert it back to DC or AC electric current which is used by an electrical load.
*ELECTRIC POWER AND POWER TRANSMISSION.
*PRESENT ONE-WAY ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM.
*A WAY TO DO MORE WITH LESS .
*MODERN UPDATED AND SMART TRANSMISSION SYSTEM.
An EEM produces the same shaft output power, but uses less input power than a standard efficiency motor.A standard motor is a compromise between efficiency, endurance, starting torque, and initial cost. Standard motor generally competes on price, not efficiency. On the contrary, EEM competes on efficiency, not price.
What is Micro grid?
It is a small-scale power supply network that is designed to provide power for a small community.
It enables local power generation for local loads.
It comprises of various small power generating sources that makes it highly flexible and efficient.
Blu-ray, also referred to as Blu-ray Disc (BD), is the name associated with a next generation optical disc format
The format was developed to enable recording, rewriting and playback of high-definition video (HD), as well as storing large amounts of data.
An accurate electric current transducer is a key component of any power system instrumentation.
OCT’s defined as sensors that directly or indirectly use optical sensing methods to measure electric currents .
A hybrid converter topologies which can supply simultaneously AC as well as DC from a single DC source. The new Hybrid Converter is derived from the single switch controlled Boost converter by replacing the controlled switch with voltage source inverter (VSI). This new hybrid converter has the advantages like reduced number of switches as compared with conventional design having separate converter for supplying AC and DC loads, provide DC and AC outputs with an increased reliability, resulting from the inherent shoot through protection in the inverter stage. For controlling switches PWM control, based upon unipolar Sine-PWM is described.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
3. Introduction to Waterjet
Fastest growing machining process
One of the most versatile machining processes
Compliments other technologies such as milling,
laser, EDM, plasma and routers
True cold cutting process – no HAZ, mechanical
stresses or operator and environmental hazards
Not limited to machining – food industry
applications
4. Pure WJ Cutting
Pure cuts soft materials – corrugated cardboard,
disposable diapers, tissue papers, automotive interiors
Very thin stream (0.004-0.010 dia)
Extremely detailed geometry
Very little material loss due to cutting
Can cut thick, soft, light materials like fiberglass
insulation up to 24” thick or thin, fragile materials
Very low cutting forces and simple fixturing
Water jet erodes work at kerf line into small particles
5. Pure WJ Cutting cont.
Water inlet pressure
between 20k-60k psi
Forced through hole in
jewel 0.007-0.020” dia
Sapphires, Rubies with
50-100 hour life
Diamond with 800-
2,000 hour life, but
they are pricey
6. Abrasive WJ Cutting
Used to cut much harder materials
Water is not used directly to cut material as in Pure,
instead water is used to accelerate abrasive particles
which do the cutting
80-mesh garnet (sandpaper) is typically used though
50 and 120-mesh is also used
Standoff distance between mixing tube and workpart
is typically 0.010-0.200 – important to keep to a
minimum to keep a good surface finish
7. Abrasive WJ Cutting cont.
Evolution of mixing tube
technology
Standard Tungsten Carbide
lasts 4-6 hours (not used much
anymore)
Premium Composite Carbide
lasts 100-150 hours
Consumables include water,
abrasive, orifice and mixing
tube
8. Tolerances
Typically +/- 0.005 inch
Machines usually have repeatability of 0.001 inch
Comparatively traditional machining centers can hold
tolerances 0f 0.0001 inch with similar repeatability
WJ tolerance range is good for many applications
where critical tolerances are not crucial to workpart
design
11. When is it Practical?
The cutter is commonly connected to
a high-pressure water pump, where
the water is then ejected from the
nozzle, cutting through the material
by spraying it with the jet of high-
speed water.
It’s practical to use it to cut any kind
of material. In waterjet cutting, there
is no heat generated. This is especially
useful for cutting tool steel and other
metals where excessive heat may
change the properties of the material.
Waterjet cutting does not leave a burr
or a rough edge, and eliminates other
machining operations such as finish
sanding and grinding. It can be easily
automated for production use.
12. Advantages
• Cheaper than other processes.
• Cut virtually any material. (pre hardened
steel, mild steel, copper, brass, aluminum;
brittle materials like glass, ceramic, quartz,
stone)
• Cut thin stuff, or thick stuff.
• Make all sorts of shapes with only one tool.
• No heat generated.
• Leaves a satin smooth finish, thus reducing
secondary operations.
• Clean cutting process without gasses or oils.
• Modern systems are now very easy to learn.
• Are very safe.
• Machine stacks of thin parts all at once.
This part is shaped with waterjet
using one tool. Slots, radii, holes,
and profile in one 2 minute setup.
13. Advantages (continued)
• Unlike machining or grinding, waterjet cutting
does not produce any dust or particles that are
harmful if inhaled.
• The kerf width in waterjet cutting is very small,
and very little material is wasted.
• Waterjet cutting can be easily used to produce
prototype parts very efficiently. An operator can
program the dimensions of the part into the
control station, and the waterjet will cut the part
out exactly as programmed. This is much faster
and cheaper than drawing detailed prints of a
part and then having a machinist cut the part
out.
• Waterjets are much lighter than equivalent
laser cutters, and when mounted on an
automated robot. This reduces the problems of
accelerating and decelerating the robot head, as
well as taking less energy.
Get nice edge quality from different
materials.
14. Disadvantages• One of the main disadvantages of
waterjet cutting is that a limited number
of materials can be cut economically.
While it is possible to cut tool steels, and
other hard materials, the cutting rate has
to be greatly reduced, and the time to cut
a part can be very long. Because of this,
waterjet cutting can be very costly and
outweigh the advantages.
• Another disadvantage is that very thick
parts can not be cut with waterjet cutting
and still hold dimensional accuracy. If the
part is too thick, the jet may dissipate
some, and cause it to cut on a diagonal,
or to have a wider cut at the bottom of
the part than the top. It can also cause a
rough wave pattern on the cut surface.
Waterjet lag
15. Disadvantages (continued)
• Taper is also a problem with waterjet cutting in very thick materials.
Taper is when the jet exits the part at a different angle than it enters
the part, and can cause dimensional inaccuracy. Decreasing the speed
of the head may reduce this, although it can still be a problem.
Stream lag caused inside corner damage to this 1-
in.-thick stainless steel part. The exit point of the
stream lags behind the entrance point, causing
irregularities on the inside corners of the part. The
thicker the material is or the faster an operator
tries to cut it, the greater the stream lag and the
more pronounced the damage.
16. Waterjets vs. Lasers
• Abrasive waterjets can machine many
materials that lasers cannot. (Reflective
materials in particular, such as Aluminum
and Copper.
• Uniformity of material is not very important
to a waterjet.
• Waterjets do not heat your part. Thus there
is no thermal distortion or hardening of the
material.
• Precision abrasive jet machines can obtain
about the same or higher tolerances than
lasers (especially as thickness increases).
• Waterjets are safer.
• Maintenance on the abrasive jet nozzle is
simpler than that of a laser, though probably
just as frequent.
After laser cutting
After waterjet cutting
17. Waterjets vs. EDM
• Waterjets are much faster than EDM.
• Waterjets machine a wider variety of
materials (virtually any material).
• Uniformity of material is not very
important to a waterjet.
• Waterjets make their own pierce holes.
• Waterjets are capable of ignoring
material aberrations that would cause
wire EDM to lose flushing.
• Waterjets do not heat the surface of
what they machine.
• Waterjets require less setup.
• Many EDM shops are also buying
waterjets. Waterjets can be considered to
be like super-fast EDM machines with
less precision.
Waterjets are much faster than EDM.
18. Waterjets vs. Plasma
• Waterjets provide a nicer edge finish.
• Waterjets don't heat the part.
• Waterjets can cut virtually any material.
• Waterjets are more precise.
• Plasma is typically faster.
• Waterjets would make a great compliment
to a plasma shop where more precision or
higher quality is required, or for parts where
heating is not good, or where there is a need
to cut a wider range of materials.
After plasma cutting
After waterjet cutting
19. Waterjets vs. Other Processes
Flame Cutting:
Waterjets would make a great compliment to a flame cutting where more
precision or higher quality is required, or for parts where heating is not good,
or where there is a need to cut a wider range of materials.
Milling:
Waterjets are used a lot for complimenting or replacing milling operations.
They are used for roughing out parts prior to milling, for replacing milling
entirely, or for providing secondary machining on parts that just came off the
mill. For this reason, many traditional machine shops are adding waterjet
capability to provide a competitive edge.
Punch Press:
Some stamping houses are using waterjets for fast turn-around, or for low
quantity or prototyping work. Waterjets make a great complimentary tool for
punch presses and the like because they offer a wider range of capability for
similar parts.
22. Conclusion
Relatively new technology has caught on quickly and
is replacing century-old methods for manufacturing
Used not only in typical machining applications, but
food and soft-goods industries
As material and pump technology advances faster
cutting rates, longer component life and tighter
tolerances will be achievable
Paves the way for new machining processes that
embrace simplicity and have a small environmental
impact