This document discusses water jet cutting technology. It describes how water jets work by using high-pressure water or water with abrasive particles to cut materials. Water jets can cut with precision and versatility across many materials without generating heat. They have grown in popularity for applications in architecture, aerospace, manufacturing, automotive and electronics due to their safety, lack of mechanical stress on materials, and environmental friendliness. While generally effective, water jets are less suitable for cutting thick or hardened materials.

1. Presented By:-
Ketan Pitrubhakta

2.  Also called Hydrodynamics
Machining.
 Water jet cutting technology is one of the fastest growing
major machine tool processes in the world due to its
versatility and ease of operation.
 The Water jet process provides many unique capabilities
and advantages that can prove very effective in the cost
battle.
 Water jets are used in high production applications
across the globe.

3.  Generally it is categorized in two types
1. Pure water jet cutting
 High pressurized water is used as cutting media
2. Abrasive water jet cutting
 Fine particles of granite or alumina are used along with
high speed water stream

4.  They use the technology of high-pressure water being
forced through a small hole (typically called the “orifice”
or “jewel”) to concentrate an extreme amount of energy
in a small area.
 The inlet water for a pure water jet pressurized between
20,000 and 60,000 Pounds Per Square Inch (PSI) (1300
to 6200 bar.)
 This is forced through a tiny hole in the jewel, which is
typically 0.007” to 0.0020” in diameter (0.18 to 0.4 mm).
 Travelling as close to the speed of sound (about 600
mph or 960 km/hr)

5. Design of a pure water
jet nozzle
Design of an abrasive
water jet nozzle

6.  In abrasive water jet cutting abrasive particles are added
along with the high speed water stream.
 The beam of water accelerates abrasive particles to
speeds fast enough to cut through much harder
materials.

7.  The forces of the water and abrasive erodes the material
 The cutting action is greatly enhanced if the abrasive jet
stream is moved across the material.
 The ideal speed of movement depends on
1. The material
2. The shape of the part
3. The water pressure and the type of abrasive.
 Controlling the speed of the abrasive jet nozzle is
crucial to efficient and economical machining.

8. A typically water jet nozzle

9.  Fast setup and programming
 Almost no heat generated on your part
 No mechanical stresses
 Are very safe
 Environmentally friendly
 This process is suitable for cutting all materials. Even
diamond can be cut by using diamond powder as
abrasive.
 Due to low velocity of particles, the rate of impact is
negligible. Thus, very thin and brittle materials can be
cut without any risk of breaking.

10.  Cutting hard metals such as tool steel seriously affects
the cutting speed, therefore water jet cutting is not an
efficient method of machining these hardened materials.
 Cutting thick materials results in a taper down the cut
resulting from the water jet widening as it get further
away from the nozzle. This means dimensional accuracy
in thick cuts becomes a problem.

12.  Architectural
 Aerospace
 Manufacturing
 Automotive
 Electronics

13.  Relatively new technology has caught on quickly and is
replacing century-old methods for machining.
 Used not only in typical machining applications, but food
and soft-goods industries
 As material and pump technology advances faster
cutting rates, longer component life and tighter
tolerances will be achievable
 Gave us the way for new machining processes that
embrace simplicity and have a small environmental
impact