This document discusses various aspects of disaster recovery including medium and long term recovery, community participation, impact assessment, rehabilitation, and capacity building. It outlines the objectives of recovery as restoring livelihoods and infrastructure, coordinating stakeholders, and reducing future risks. Medium-term recovery focuses on essential services while long-term recovery includes community-defined objectives and sustainable development. Participatory rehabilitation involves both physical and social infrastructure. Capacity building is key to effective reconstruction and rehabilitation.

1. UNIT NO - V
Disaster Recovery
By Dr. Dhobale J V
Assistant Professor
IBS, IFHE, Hyderabad.
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2. Objectives
 Recovery aspects.
 Strategies for identifying and ascertaining the
impact of disaster.
 Community participation in defining objectives
and their priorities.
 Participative rehabilitation.
 Process of compensations.
 Coping strategies.
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3. Recovery
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4. Introduction to Medium and Long
Term Recovery Aspects
 Recovery is defined as that activity which is
aimed at helping a society distressed by
disaster in restoration of the physical
infrastructure and reinstallation of emotional,
social , economical and physical well-being.
 The main thrust of any recovery plan is on
increasing awareness of that asset and
infrastructure improvement after disaster can
play a vital role in developing community
toughness.
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5. Introduction to Medium and Long
Term Recovery Aspects
 The most important aspect of disaster
recovery is the understanding of how one
aspect of recovery is connected to the other.
 No community exists in seclusion, and each
part within the community life is intricately
interconnected, which makes tasks complex.
 Thus planning for the recovery of one aspect
innately impacts others.
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6. Introduction to Medium and Long
Term Recovery Aspects
 The objectives of recovery are:
1. Making the affected area fit for human
habitation and ensuring restoration of
livelihood.
2. Preparing national, regional and local
agencies in disaster recovery so that they are
well equipped to carry out a post-disaster
recovery process in a timely and effective
manner.
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7. Introduction to Medium and Long
Term Recovery Aspects
 The objectives of recovery are:
3. Educating people and generating awareness
in the community so that they can help in post-
disaster recovery.
4. Coordinating and controlling stakeholders
involved in recovery processes.
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8. Introduction to Medium and Long
Term Recovery Aspects
 The objectives of recovery are:
5. Making policies and plans that form the basis
of recovery processes and facilitate decision-
making and implementation of plans post
disaster.
6. Planning a quick recovery of routines and
facilities for instituting normalcy as quickly as
possible.
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9. Introduction to Medium and Long
Term Recovery Aspects
 The objectives of recovery are:
7. Chalking out policies and plans for linking
medium-and long-term recovery aspects by
minimizing the uncertainties that can lead to
inappropriate decision.
8. Establishing the foundations for effective
medium and long term recovery.
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10. Introduction to Medium and Long
Term Recovery Aspects
 The objectives of recovery are:
9. Restoring sustainable livelihood, governance
and security within the affected community.
10.Helping in social, emotional, economical and
physical rehabilitation of the affected people
and communities.
11.Minimizing the consequences of the disaster
and reducing exposure to future risks.
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11. Introduction to Medium and Long
Term Recovery Aspects
 It is continuous process.
 There are several grounds on which the
recovery approaches are based –
1. Disaster Management and governance are
closely related issues. Post-disaster recovery
should be treated with utmost seriousness,
and the government should try and help the
community restore normalcy.
2. Appropriate and timely response should be
priority.
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12. Introduction to Medium and Long
Term Recovery Aspects
 It is continuous process.
 There are several grounds on which the
recovery approaches are based –
3. Recovery process should be approached from
the perspective of reducing risks as it can help
in effectively contributing to sustainable
development.
 As the phase of disaster management are
dynamic and interrelated, the recovery
process can aid in effective mitigation and can
serve as an opportunity to foster resilience.
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13. Introduction to Medium and Long
Term Recovery Aspects
 Post-disaster recovery is a series of decisions
and actions taken after the occurrence of a
disaster.
 Disaster can be converted into opportunities
for sustainable development.
 Therefore, recovery is not limited to replacing
and repairing the affected infrastructure, it is
also about working on the root cause of
disaster.
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14. Introduction to Medium and Long
Term Recovery Aspects
 There has been a shift in focus from traditional
recovery methods, which were aimed at
preventing and preparing for emergencies, to
modern methods, which call for identifying
relevant lines of authority and actions that
make it possible to put into place post-disaster
recovery planning and preparation processes.
 Disaster recovery involves a distinct set of
stages, those are -
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15. Introduction to Medium and Long
Term Recovery Aspects
1. Phase 1- Triggering of immediate recovery
mechanism.
2. Phase 2 – Damage assessment and
response.
3. Phase 3 – Reconstruction and rehabilitation.
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16. Introduction to Medium and Long
Term Recovery Aspects
 The recovery aspect revolve around four Rs-
reduction, readiness, response & Restoration.
1. Reduction- It deals with reducing the impact of
disaster. The response mechanism works with
an aim to reduce further losses by trying to
bring the situation under control.
2. Readiness- readiness is a critical aspect of
response activities and includes three
elements that address recovery issue.
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17. Introduction to Medium and Long
Term Recovery Aspects
 The recovery aspect revolve around four Rs-
reduction, readiness, response & Restoration.
2. Readiness-
1. Training and learning.
2. Educating people and generating awareness.
3. Enhancing community capacity so that they are in
a state of readiness.
2. Response-The response in recovery plays a
significance role in minimizing the losses due
to disasters.
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18. Introduction to Medium and Long
Term Recovery Aspects
 The recovery aspect revolve around four Rs-
reduction, readiness, response & Restoration.
4. Restoration- This aspect provides
mechanisms to ensure that while
reconstructing rational steps are taken to
identify and mitigate potential risks that exist.
 Restoration calls for a proactive approach so
that normalcy is restored.
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19. Introduction to Medium and Long
Term Recovery Aspects
 The division of medium and long term aspects
need to be addressed by –
1. An evaluation of the needs of the affected
population.
2. Establishment of long and medium term
recovery objectives on the basis of needs.
3. Formulation of the plans on the basis of
objectives to connect the diverse sectoral
apparatus in coordinated actions.
4. Prioritization of action.
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20. Introduction to Medium and Long
Term Recovery Aspects
 Medium-term recovery entails-
1. Facilitate reinstatement of essential services.
2. Guarantee suitable transitional shelter.
3. Distribute tools and other goods and services
that help to revive socio-economic activities.
4. Provide temporary employment to members of
the affected community and strengthen the
self-help efforts and capacity of the affected
population.
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21. Introduction to Medium and Long
Term Recovery Aspects
 Medium-term recovery entails-
5. Restore the environmental essential to
facilitate the rebuilding of livelihood and basic
levels of collective and human security.
6. Provide steps to be taken to prevent risks from
being recreated.
7. Identify critical elements of goods and services
that aid in the restoration of sustainable
livelihoods.
8. Foster equality and local capacity building to
prevent any kind of discrimination.
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22. Introduction to Medium and Long
Term Recovery Aspects
 long-term recovery entails-
1. Community participation in defining objectives
and their priorities for overall development of
region.
2. Provision for sustainable development of the
region by providing for social well-being and
economic diversification of the affected
people.
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23. Community Participation in defying
Objectives and Their Priorities
 Successful recovery plans need to recognize
that both communities and individuals have an
extensive and varying array of recovery needs.
 Community priorities would involve the
restoration of a community’s functions, social
structures and systems after a disaster.
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24. Community Participation in defying
Objectives and Their Priorities
 The recovery priorities of an affected
community are - .
1. Shelter and safety.
2. Health.
3. Physical and mental well-being.
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25. Identifying and Ascertaining Impact
of Disaster
 A systematic framework is required to identify
and ascertain the impact of the disaster, which
encompasses –
1. Social environment
2. Economic Environment
3. Natural Environment
4. Built Environment
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26. Participative Rehabilitation:
Physical and Social Infrastructure
 Disaster disrupt the working of the affected
communities and efficient and effective
rehabilitation has to be carried out.
 The process of helping a person who has
suffered an illness or injury restore lost skills
and so regain maximum self-sufficiency.
 Participative rehabilitation is advocated
because it engages physical and social
rehabilitation.
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27. Participative Rehabilitation:
Physical and Social Infrastructure
 The aim of the social rehabilitation activity is to
enhance and strength the available coping
mechanisms in the community and encourage
self reliance.
 Physical rehabilitation can be defined as
activities that are aimed at rebuilding and
ensuring the availability of physical
infrastructure for fulfilling basic needs to live a
normal life.
 Physical rehabilitation can be done at two
levels- Individual & family and Community.
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28. Social & Economic Rehabilitation: Capacity
Building for Reconstruction and rehabilitation
 Capacity building in terms of disaster
management is defined as the ability of
individuals and communities to identify
limitation and to plan and manage disastrous
situations effectively and efficiently.
 Capacity development
 Capacity utilization
 Sustainable Capacity building
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29. Recovery and Rebuilding Works
 Recovery of the build environment deals with -
Repair, reconstruction or relocation of various
infrastructural facilities to control damage.
 The recovery and rebuilding works relating to
each of four elements are –
1. Residential
2. Commercial
3. Public buildings and assets
4. Essential lifeline utilities
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30. Facilitating Compensations to be paid
through Insurances and Government
 Every disaster has some financial cost, which
can be ameliorated to a great extent by the
advance purchase of insurance and
government compensation.
 After almost each disaster, the government
announces some compensation to the
members of affected community.
 The rational for this is to provide a basis for
restarting a normal life.
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31. Facilitating Compensations to be paid
through Insurances and Government
 Life insurance, health insurance, disability
insurance and accidental death insurances are
some of the insurance that help an individual
apart from this general insurance
compensating for losses to physical
properties.
 The government can announce for the
payment of compensation from the relief funds
to the members of the affected community.
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32. Coping Strategies: Providing Counselling
and Psychological support
 Research indicates that most people who
experienced a disaster tend to recover with
time and counselling can help in early
recovery from the disasters.
 Most people experience some psychological
reactions usually within a manageable range
and others may display more intense
reactions.
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33. Coping Strategies: Providing Counselling
and Psychological support
 People who face disasters go through
distinctive emotional phases during disaster
–
1. Desperate Phase/survival mode – This is
intense phase where individuals try to struggle
to keep themselves and their family alive.
2. Response Phase – Where individuals
measure the damage. Individuals engage in
emergency search and rescue work.
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34. Coping Strategies: Providing Counselling
and Psychological support
3. Recovery Stage – Where crisis management
teams take control of the situation to keep the
response and rescue effort organized and
coordinated.
4. Reorientation Phase – where survivors are
stressed about the situation. They are
frustrated and hopeless.
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35. Coping Strategies: Providing Counselling
and Psychological support
 The effect of disasters on the affected
population can be as follows -
1. Physical effects – such as dizziness, tightness
in the throat and chest, agitation, nervousness,
fatigue and exhaustion, gastrointestinal
distress and nausea,, change in appetite and
headaches can affect the persons who have
faced disasters.
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36. Coping Strategies: Providing Counselling
and Psychological support
 The effect of disasters on the affected
population can be as follows -
2. Behavioural manifestation – as an aftermath of
the disaster include fretfulness, disturbing
thoughts, inability to express feelings, isolation
or withdrawal from others, increased use of
alcohol and drug, anxiety of protecting loved
ones, anger, rage and desire for revenge.
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37. Coping Strategies: Providing Counselling
and Psychological support
 The effect of disasters on the affected
population can be as follows -
3. Emotional and psychological effects – include
sleep disturbances and nightmares, jitteriness,
hyper-vigilance, crying and tearfulness, shock,
disbelief, confusion and disorientation, poor
concentration and memory problems, irritability
and short temper.
 For tackling these problems, community
involvement is essential.
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38. Coping Strategies: Providing Counselling
and Psychological support
 The need for community involvement after
disasters is a significant means of contributing
to the overall empowerment of individuals and
communities to manage their own recovery.
 Rapid redevelopment can help individuals by
shifting their focus to constructive activities.
 The well being of all people should be
protected through the restoration of security,
governance and services that meet basic
physical needs.
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39. Coping Strategies: Providing Counselling
and Psychological support
 The agencies working for disaster
management should ensure placement of
mature and responsible workers and
volunteers in disaster-affected areas.
 These volunteers should be trained to
understand and record the impact of disasters
on the mental health of those affected.
 This is important for effectively addressing the
psychosocial well-being of individuals.
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40. Coping Strategies: Providing Counselling
and Psychological support
 The victims can be classified according to the
impact on the mental health into three broad
categories –
1. Very-ruthlessly affected – These are lone
survivors. They are emotionally broken and
psychologically in a state of trauma.
2. Severely affected – Persons belonging to this
category are those who have suffered loss in
terms of death of near and dear ones and loss
to property, but still they have relatives and
children who were saved. There is some hope
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41. Coping Strategies: Providing Counselling
and Psychological support
 The victims can be classified according to the
impact on the mental health into three broad
categories –
3. Moderately affected – Persons belonging to
this category are those who have suffered
physical injuries. They are witness to the gory
scenes, but they have not suffered death of
any family members.
 Due to the disaster, the entire structure of a
community faces a setback. This has to be
reinstated.
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42. Thank You!
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