The document discusses key aspects of disaster preparedness including the three A's of aim, action and accountability. It outlines the principles, steps, and organizational structure for effective preparedness. Contingency planning and building team relations are identified as important. Training needs analysis and emergency operational plans with defined contents are also covered as critical preparedness elements. Examples from past cyclones in Orissa, India are reviewed to highlight lessons learned.

1. Unit No. 03
Disaster Preparedness
By Dr. Dhobale J V
Assistant Professor
IBS, IFHE, Hyderabad.
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2. Objectives
 Introduction to Disaster Preparedness.
 The Three A’s of Disaster Preparedness.
 Principles of Disaster Preparedness.
 Steps of Disaster Preparedness.
 Organizational Structure for Disaster Preparedness.
 Essential services Preparedness and Logistical Readiness.
 Contingency planning.
 Importance of Building Team and Community Relations for
Environmental and Emergency Managers.
 Training Needs Analysis and Human Resource Development
plan.
 Emergency Operational Plan: Contents.
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3. Introduction – Disaster Preparedness
 There has been phenomenal increase in the
number of disasters in the last decade.
 The disasters that we have faced have left
behind sorrows and woes.
 They have also left behind important lessons
to be learnt for future management of
disasters.
 The more the magnitude of a disaster, the
greater is the opportunity for reflection and
corrective action.
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4. Introduction – Disaster Preparedness
 These disasters serve as an important wakeup
call and provide important clues to the
mistakes of the past and help ensure that the
same are not repeated in the future.
 It is observed that there are many occurrences
that have the potential to cause damage to life
and property.
 These are not disasters; these are hazards.
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5. Introduction – Disaster Preparedness
 These hazards become disasters when they
cause serious disruption to the day-to-day
functioning of society and, at the same time,
lead to a great loss of life and property.
 A hazard does not become a disaster on its
own.
 The impending damage arising out of a hazard
or threat can be certainly reduced and
contained to great extent.
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6. Introduction – Disaster Preparedness
 Experience has it that with preparation, any
event that is a probable threat can be
controlled to great extent from turning into
disaster.
 The key to effective management of disasters
lies in preparation.
 Preparedness, which is an important stage of
the disaster management cycle, plays a very
significant role in recognizing, evaluating and
controlling hazards.
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7. Introduction – Disaster Preparedness
 Disaster preparedness consists of action that
facilitate individuals, societies and
governmental agencies to respond efficiently
in the event of disaster-like situation.
 It refers to the process of preparing for a
disastrous event to reduce and contain its ill-
effects.
 The aim of the preparedness is the reduction
of the impact of the disaster on susceptible
populations by responding effectively and
efficiently.
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8. Introduction – Disaster Preparedness
 Disaster Mitigation and Disaster Preparedness
are two distinct but overlapping stages of the
disaster management cycle.
 The aim of the mitigation policies and
measures are to reduce the vulnerability or
increase the resilience to the effects of
inevitable disasters.
 The aim of the preparedness is the reduction
of the impact of the disaster on susceptible
populations by responding effectively and
efficiently.
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9. Introduction – Disaster Preparedness
 Preparedness aims at minimizing loss by an
impending disaster by the ‘response and
recovery activity’.
 Disaster preparedness is an ongoing and
integrated course of action taken with the aim
to reduce the pre and post impact of disaster.
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10. The Three A’s of Disaster Preparedness
 Aim, Action and Accountability.
 Effective management of disaster is achieved
through attainment of these three A’s.
1. Aim – is a target that one choose before
taking any action.
 Preparedness for disasters, the aim has to be
categorically stated.
 Aim also provides a broad guideline to the
respondents to react and know how to use
resources at hand for the impending disaster.
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11. The Three A’s of Disaster Preparedness
 Aim provides a direction to other important
activities that are commonly associated with
disaster preparedness such as –
1. Developing Planning process to ensure
readiness.
2. Formulating disaster plans.
3. Stockpiling resources necessary for effective
response.
4. Developing skills and competencies to
ensure an effective performance of related
task in disaster preparedness.
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12. The Three A’s of Disaster Preparedness
 Ensuring safety is the primary aim of
preparedness.
 It encompasses the action that are meant to
enhance the ability to respond in emergency
situations that pose a threat to life and
property.
 This broad aim can be further split into –
1. Constitution of emergency response policies
and standards.
2. Creation of plans to be followed before and
after a disaster.
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13. The Three A’s of Disaster Preparedness
3. Improvement in the efficiency and
effectiveness of disaster response
mechanisms.
4. Education and training of emergency
response team and the population at risk.
5. Development of an operational strategy for
undertaking activities that are essential in
responding to disastrous situations.
6. Provision of rapid and equitable recovery and
response.
7. Development of a culture of preparedness.
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14. The Three A’s of Disaster Preparedness
2. Action:- The aim of the preparedness phase
of disaster management is to improve
response activities to enhance the coping
capability of the affected population.
 It deals with both short-term and long term
recovery aspects.
 It consists of actions permitted to enhance the
ability to carry out emergency actions in order
to protect property and control disaster
damage and disruption as well as the ability to
engage in post-disaster restoration and early
recovery activities. 14IBS Hyderabad

15. The Three A’s of Disaster Preparedness
2. Action:- The aim of disaster preparedness is
achieved partially through readiness
measures that accelerate emergency
response and recovery systems and through
activities that are aimed at capacity building
of the people.
 Disaster Preparedness is everyone’s business
as there are many stakeholders and it requires
the assistance from many different areas.
 It is imperative that all the stakeholders act in
tandem to achieve the aims and objectives of
preparedness. 15IBS Hyderabad

16. The Three A’s of Disaster Preparedness
2. Action:- Any failure to act by a stakeholder
can result in total breakdown of the system.
 Disaster preparedness is a continuous and
integrated process concerning an extensive
range of activities that are to be undertaken by
many people.
 Without action, no aim can ever be
accomplished.
 Without proper action, no measure can be
implemented.
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17. The Three A’s of Disaster Preparedness
3. Accountability:- It is very important to facilitate
ascertaining the responsibility of action.
 Everyone knows a lot can be done for disaster
preparedness, but the question that comes to
mind is what, how and who?
 Aim answers the question of what is to be
done, action talks about how it is to be
achieved and accountability focuses on who
will achieve it.
 Accountability, in simple terms, means
accounting for one’s actions.
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18. The Three A’s of Disaster Preparedness
3. Accountability:- without accountability, every
effort towards disaster preparedness will fall
apart, and preparedness measures will turn
out to be inefficient and ineffective.
 Accountability provides a clear focus on the
result to be achieved and helps in accelerating
progress and becoming successful.
 Each and every stakeholder knows what to do
and how much is within his/her purview.
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19. Principles of Disaster Preparedness
 There are certain principles of Disaster
preparedness:
1. Principle of Realistic Planning.
2. Principle of Continuous Improvement.
3. Principle of collaboration and coordination.
4. Principle of Motivation.
5. Principle of Time-bound implementation.
6. Principle of All-Disaster Inclusiveness.
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20. Steps of Disaster Preparedness
 Preparedness is a systematic task having a
series of interrelated steps –
1. Hazard, Risk and Vulnerability Evaluation.
2. Assessment of Current Capability and
Response Mechanism.
3. Developing Preparedness Plans.
4. Implementation of Preparedness Plans.
5. Public Education, Training and Rehearsal.
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21. Organizational Structure for Disaster
Preparedness
 Organizing is a process by which roles and
responsibilities are arranged and coordinated
for the successful implementation of plans.
 The preparedness division’s role is to prepare
national, state and local agencies in
responding to disasters effectively.
 The organizational structure for a disaster
preparedness division should consists of five
units -
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22. Organizational Structure for Disaster
Preparedness
1. Emergency operations and preparedness
unit.
2. Logistical Unit.
3. Communication unit.
4. Training and development Unit.
5. Plan development, implementation and
monitoring unit.
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23. Organizational Structure for Disaster
Preparedness
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24. Organizational Structure for Disaster
Preparedness – Logistical Readiness
 The vision of the Logistics Division is to
provide exceptional logistics and resource
management support to enable it to be
disaster-ready at all times.
 Emergency services – Medical and healthcare.
 Communication facilities readiness.
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25. Contingency Planning
 Strict compliance with the plans may prove to
be disastrous in itself.
 A fresh exploration of alternatives according to
the turn of events may be needed.
 In such situations, planning is essential for
onward movement.
 This plan is called contingency planning, which
helps in responding effectively to disasters.
 Contingency planning entails making plan B
deal with situation changes.
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26. Contingency Planning
 Many Challenges to prepare contingency
plans.
 People thing no need of contingency because
of well planned preparedness.
 The aim of the contingency plan should ensure
a minimum level of functionality of all
resources & focus should be on providing
prompt service in the event of disaster.
 It should be made clear as to when this
contingency plan has to be made functional.
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27. Contingency Planning
 The incident have to be clearly stated.
 The plan should provide the role and
responsibility of each agency at every stage.
 It should be simple and understandable to the
people.
 The method of updating people about the
changes in the plan should be clearly
mentioned.
 A method of identifying problems in the
implementation of the plan has to be in place
to ensure performance improvement.
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28. Importance of building teams
 Preparedness is the best guard against a
disaster and team building is one of the
strategic steps of preparedness that enables
an effective response in crisis situations.
 The team-building process is a tedious
process involving four stages-
1. Forming
2. Storming
3. Norming
4. Performing
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29. Training Needs Analysis and human
Resource Development Plan
 Training needs analysis is a process by which
the training and development needs of the
personnel involved in disaster preparedness is
identified.
 The needs assessment exercise is carried out
at two levels: group and individual.
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30. Emergency Operational Plan (EOP):
Contents
 EOP is essential aspect of preparedness.
 The plan is divided into 6 sections –
1. General statement of purpose indicating
mission and what the plan is well structured
aims to achieve.
2. This section clarifies the various situations in
which the plan will work.
3. This section explains organizational issues
and discusses the roles and responsibilities
of local preparedness team members.
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31. Emergency Operational Plan (EOP):
Contents
 EOP is essential aspect of preparedness.
 The plan is divided into 6 sections –
4. This section deals with details about
operational and logistics.
5. The development of plan and its
implementation is discussed – The various
important details about changes that are
suggested on the basis of review situations,
time and again.
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32. Emergency Operational Plan (EOP):
Contents
 EOP is essential aspect of preparedness.
 The plan is divided into 6 sections –
6. This last section deals with the details of
statutes, executive orders and formal
agreements issued time and again by
disaster management authorities and
government agencies relating to disaster
preparedness.
 EOP is a well narrated descriptive on
operating procedures about the activities of
preparedness team.
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33. Case let – Orissa Cyclone Hit in 1999 &
2013
 Case let discussion – Orissa Cyclone Hit in
1999 & 2013
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34. Review
 Introduction to Disaster Preparedness.
 The Three A’s of Disaster Preparedness.
 Principles of Disaster Preparedness.
 Steps of Disaster Preparedness.
 Organizational Structure for Disaster Preparedness.
 Essential services Preparedness and Logistical Readiness.
 Contingency planning.
 Importance of Building Team and Community Relations for
Environmental and Emergency Managers.
 Training Needs Analysis and Human Resource Development
plan.
 Emergency Operational Plan: Contents.
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35. Thank You!
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