Information & it's quality

UNIT II
Information and It’s Quality
By Dr. Dhobale J V
Associate Professor
RNB Global University, Bikaner
RNB Global University, Bikaner. 1Course Code - 11009400

Objectives
 Data and Information.
 Meaning and Importance.
 Sources of Information.
 Types of Information.
 Cost Benefit Analysis- Quantitative and
Qualitative Aspects.
 Accessing Information needs of the
Organization.
2RNB Global University, Bikaner.Course Code - 11009400

Cont…
 Information can be defined as meaningfully
interpreted data.
 So, from a system analyst's point of view,
information is a sequence of symbols that can
be construed to a useful message.

Data Vs Information
 Data: Raw unorganized facts.
Ex. ?, a, 2, y, =, /.
Information:
A collection of facts organized in such a
way that they have additional value
beyond the value of the facts themselves.
Ex. a+y/2 = ?

Information
 Information can be recorded as signs, or
transmitted as signals. Information is any kind
of event that affects the state of a dynamic
system that can interpret the information.
 The value of Information is directly linked to
how it helps decision makers achieve their
organization’s goals.

Information
 Conceptually, information is the message
(utterance or expression) being conveyed.
Therefore, in a general sense, information is
"Knowledge communicated or received,
concerning a particular fact or circumstance".
 According to Davis and Olson: "Information is
a data that has been processed into a form
that is meaningful to recipient and is of real or
perceived value in the current or the
prospective action or decision of recipient."

Information
DATA Processing Information

Classification of Information

Sources and Types of Information
 We receive and gather information from a
huge range of sources.
 In business, types of information includes:
 Customer and Employee information.
 Email, mail & faxes.
 Charts and graphs
 Monthly financial reports.
 Signs directing customers to a particular location.
 Procedures.
 Pictures & diagrams
 Industry specific.
 Demographic information 9RNB Global University, Bikaner.Course Code - 11009400

 Three basic types of information:
1. Strategic Information
2. Tactical Information
3. Operational Information

 Information comes from a variety of sources,
formal and informal:
1. Formal Sources:
1. Internal: – Computer System, Staff Record,
Accounting Records, Annual Reports, Company
Reports, Business documents, Planning
documents.
2. External: - Professional Journals, Books, Surveys,
Industry and Government reports.

2. Informal Sources: Includes conversation with
colleagues at lunch or from friends or other
associates external to your company.
 With Customer Contact Centers:
 Automatic Call Distribution reports.
 Other System reports.
 Call monitoring checklists.
 Customers.
 Emails.
 HR Department
 Budgets.
 Marketing Department 12RNB Global University, Bikaner.Course Code - 11009400

Quality of Information
 Information is a vital resource for the success of any
organization.
 Future of an organization lies in using and
disseminating information wisely.
 Good quality information placed in right context in
right time tells us about opportunities and problems
well in advance.
 According to Wang and Strong, following are the
dimensions or elements of Information Quality.

 Intrinsic: Accuracy, Objectivity, Believability,
Reputation.
 Contextual: Relevancy, Value-Added, Timeliness,
Completeness, Amount of information.
 Representational: Interpretability, Format,
Coherence, Compatibility.
 Accessibility: Accessibility, Access security.

 Most essential characteristic features for information
quality are:
1. Reliability - It should be verifiable and dependable.
2. Timely - It must be current and it must reach the
users well in time, so that important decisions can be
made in time.
3. Relevant - It should be current and valid information
and it should reduce uncertainties.
4. Accurate - It should be free of errors and mistakes,
true, and not deceptive.

5. Sufficient - It should be adequate in quantity, so that
decisions can be made on its basis.
6. Unambiguous - It should be expressed in clear
terms. In other words, it should be comprehensive.
7. Complete - It should meet all the needs in the current
context.

6. Unbiased - It should be impartial, free from any bias.
In other words, it should have integrity.
7. Explicit - It should not need any further explanation.
8. Comparable - It should be of uniform collection,
analysis, content, and format.
9. Reproducible - It could be used by documented
methods on the same data set to achieve a
consistent result.

Qualitative and Quantitative Information
 Qualitative information is non numeric information
based on the quality of an item or object.
 Quantitative information is information than can be
directly measured and can be seen as factual
information rather than opinion.

Assessing Information Needs of the Org.
 It is important to find out about the people who will
use the resource centre.
 what information they need? what information is
provided by other organisations? and how far their
needs for information are being met.
 This is known as carrying out a needs assessment.

Assessing Information Needs of the Org.
 A needs assessment looks at:
1. Who the users will be?
2. What their information needs are?
3. What materials are available?
4. How information can be disseminated?

Review
 Data and Information.
 Meaning and Importance.
 Sources of Information.
 Types of Information.
 Cost Benefit Analysis- Quantitative and
Qualitative Aspects.
 Accessing Information needs of the
Organization.

Thank You!
RNB Global University, Bikaner. 22Course Code - 11009400

Information & it's quality

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