The document discusses challenges in disaster management. It explains that education, knowledge, and public awareness are critical to reducing disaster losses. The public health system plays an important role in disaster prevention by addressing communicable diseases and implementing primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies. The triage process helps address challenges by sorting and prioritizing patients. Hazard maps are useful visual aids that identify safe zones. Culture influences disaster management through roles, language, traditions, and communication. Environmental degradation is also linked to disasters, so prevention strategies must consider the environment.

1. UNIT NO - VIII
Insights on Challenges in Management of
Disaster
By Dr. Dhobale J V
Assistant Professor
IBS, IFHE, Hyderabad.
IBS Hyderabad 1

2. Objectives
 Explain the role of education and public
awareness on disasters.
 Explain the importance of public health
system’s role in disaster prevention.
 Discuss the challenges of disaster
management.
 Explain the hazard map.
 Elucidate the effect of culture and disaster
management.
 Discuss environmental degradation and
strategies for addressing these challenges. 2IBS Hyderabad

3. Education on Disasters
 The three aspects that are critical to reduction
of losses from disasters are –
1. Education
2. Knowledge
3. Awareness
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4. Education on Disasters
 Different countries have different models of
educating individuals about disasters.
 The main aim of each model is to reduce the
impact of disasters.
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5. Public Awareness
 Public awareness is the process of
transmitting information to the general
population to increase their levels of
consciousness about disaster risks so they
can prepare appropriately to cope with a
disaster.
 To motivate individuals and generate greater
interest in disaster risk-reduction activities,
some other activities that can be undertaken
by communities and agencies are as follows:
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6. Public Awareness
1. Celebration of Disaster Safety Day – 2nd
Wednesday of October is observed as the
United nations Day for Natural Disaster
Reduction and ASEAN Day for Disaster
Reduction.
2. National Public Awareness Program:
awareness generation through distribution of
posters, videos and leaflets.
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7. Public Awareness
3. Inclusion of disaster management as a
subject in school and college curriculum.
4. Disaster management training.
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8. Public Health Systems: Its Role in
Disaster Management Prevention
 The mission of the public health system is to
ensure health and well-being of the population
at large.
 The structure of public Health System
basically consists of collective resources,
duties and responsibilities necessary to carry
out the vital processes of public health.
 The structural capacity of a public health
system includes human, physical and fiscal
resources.
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9. Public Health Systems: Its Role in
Disaster Management Prevention
 Public health system has a vital role to play in
disaster management and prevention.
 After a disaster, there is a fear of spreading of
communicable diseases.
 The main communicable diseases are of
following categories -
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10. Public Health Systems: Its Role in
Disaster Management Prevention
1. Diseases transmitted by contact – common
cold, influenza, bronchitis, diphtheria and
pneumonia. Acute Respiratory Infections.
2. Diseases transmitted by agencies – These
diseases spread through agents such as
mosquitoes and include malaria, yellow fever,
dengue, leptospirosis and chikungunya.
There are other pathogenic agents such as
bacteria, parasites, fungi which causes
diseases.
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11. Public Health Systems: Its Role in
Disaster Management Prevention
3. Diseases transmitted through poor personal
hygiene or from contaminated environment –
These diseases include food poisoning,
cholera, typhoid fever and diarrhea diseases.
4. Diseases transmitted through air – Breathing
contaminated air can spread air-borne
diseases such as tuberculosis, measles, and
whooping cough.
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12. Public Health Systems: Its Role in
Disaster Management Prevention
 The prevention mechanism that should be
triggered at various levels during emergency
is as follows-
1. Primary prevention
2. Secondary prevention
3. Tertiary prevention
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13. Public Health Systems: Its Role in
Disaster Management Prevention
 The prevention mechanism that should be
triggered at various levels during emergency
is as follows-
1. Primary prevention
2. Secondary prevention
3. Tertiary prevention
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14. Public Health Systems: Its Role in
Disaster Management Prevention
 The prevention mechanism -
1. Primary prevention – It is defined as the
biological and clinical demonstration of an
infection.
2. Secondary prevention – It includes thwarting
an embryonic form of disease before it
develops into serious form that is prone to
cause death or complications.
3. Tertiary prevention – It covers rehabilitation
following the illness such as nutritional
rehabilitation after measles, tuberculosis, etc.
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15. Public Health Systems: Its Role in
Disaster Management Prevention
 The public health system should recognize the
challenges and address the main constraints
of environmental health.
1. Recognizing and responding to uncertainties
from disasters and prioritizing treatment of
different conditions.
2. Clarifying roles and tasks of various
personnel involved in providing public health
both before and after the disaster.
3. Ensuring co-ordination between various
agencies working for public health.
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16. Public Health Systems: Its Role in
Disaster Management Prevention
 The public health system should recognize the
challenges and address the main constraints
of environmental health.
4. Ensuring early detection of diseases and
efficient transportation and communication
systems of infected population.
5. Understanding that different communities
respond in unexpected ways to medical
emergencies in times of disasters, members
of health system should be trained and
authorized to handle these different
situations. 16IBS Hyderabad

17. Addressing Challenges through
Triage Process
 Triage deals with sorting and prioritizing
patients for medical attention according to the
degree of injury or illness and expectations for
survival.
 It was first used in Napoleonic Wars and finds
a mention in the work of Dominique Jean
Larrey.
 During World War-I, French doctors used this
term while treating the wounded soldiers.
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18. Addressing Challenges through
Triage Process
 It deals with sorting and prioritizing patients’
for medical attention according to the degree
of injury or illness and expectations for
survival.
 Triage helps in determining the order and
priority of emergency treatment and transport
that has to be arranged for the patient.
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19. Addressing Challenges through
Triage Process
 Today the triage uses scientific models for the
categorization of the victims.
 Triage is a process carried out to reduce the
burden on health facilities and it is done by the
most experienced experts of a triage team.
 Triage is done before transportation for the
injured is possible by the medical and
paramedical personnel.
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20. Addressing Challenges through
Triage Process
 Colored flags and pre-printed cards used for
this purpose are known as triage tags.
 Priority 1 – red – critical patients
 Priority 2 – yellow – stables but needs medical
treatment.
 Priority 3 – green – Minor injured patients.
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21. Charting a hazard Map
 A hazard map is a common visual aid is used
to point out safe escape routes and safe
harbours in disastrous.
 It is a community based approach used to map
the risk-prone and safe zones.
 These maps are useful tools that help save
losses to lives and property.
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22. Effect of Culture and disaster
Management
 It can be defined as acquired knowledge that
people use to interpret experience and
generate social behaviour.
 This knowledge gained through experience
forms values, creates attitude, and influences
behaviour.
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23. Effect of Culture and disaster
Management
 Characteristics of culture are –
1. Culture is learned.
2. Culture is shared.
3. Culture is trans-generational.
4. Culture is symbolic.
5. Culture is patterned.
6. Culture is adaptive.
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24. Effect of Culture and disaster
Management
 Different aspects pertaining to culture which is
vital for disaster management are –
1. Roles and responsibilities of persons in
community.
2. Language.
3. Correct translations.
4. Medium of transmission.
5. Traditional healing methods.
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25. Environment Degradation and
Disasters: Addressing Challenges
 There is a clear relationship between
environmental degradation and disasters.
 The central goal of any disaster management
activity should be to reinforce the need to
address environmental concerns because it
can serve as a tool to prevent disasters and
lessen their impact on people, their homes and
livelihoods.
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26. Review
 Explain the role of education and public
awareness on disasters.
 Explain the importance of public health
system’s role in disaster prevention.
 Discuss the challenges of disaster
management.
 Explain the hazard map.
 Elucidate the effect of culture and disaster
management.
 Discuss environmental degradation and
strategies for addressing these challenges. 26IBS Hyderabad

27. Thank You!
27IBS Hyderabad