Disaster Management System in India - Notes

1
PRAMODA G, Dept. ofGeology, YCM
Disaster Management System in India
Introduction
Disasters are serious, dangerous and intolerable phenomena. Thousands of people die in a moment.
Millions of people may become homeless within a day. Huge infrastructure may get damaged within a
few seconds or minutes. Disasters are the catastrophic events shocking the whole world and making the
humanity to feel very sad and depressed. All life and life-support systems are also affected by these
unexpected incidences. What is required, ultimately, is to minimize the effects of these disasters by
applying certain disaster management practices. The subject of disaster management is a compulsory
part of learning by all students in earth and atmospheric sciences.
Sendai Framework
Third UN World Conference in Sendai, Japan, on March 18, 2015 (UNISDR 2015a) as the successor
instrument to the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015. It is a non-binding agreement, which the
signatory nations, including India, will attempt to comply with on a voluntary basis.
The four priorities for action under the Sendai Framework are:
1. Understanding disaster risk
2. Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk
3. Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience
4. Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to “Build Back Better” in recovery,
rehabilitation and reconstruction
Disasters
The UNISDR (2009) defines disaster as: “A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a
society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which
exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.”
Disaster Management
“The organization, planning and application of measures preparing, responding to and, initial recovery
from disasters.”
Initiatives for controlling Disaster Management
The year 1947, Tsunami hit in Bombay coast introduced by Makran flexure has been recorded but has
not been pursued further, in-spite-of being exposed to many warnings to the managers comprised of
defense officials. If we would have continued the practice of strengthening the public awareness, we
would not have lost 1000s of lives.
The quake in Bhuj was the first occasion in which the geoscientists were given freedom to record the
feelings. The first earthquake which has seeded the alternative thinking in the minds of geoscientists
and the government to look in to the causes for such disasters. It was for centuries believed that the
Deccan plateau or Peninsular India may not get trapped to be a victim to such disaster. By the time the
effect of rehabilitation is felt, another one at Bhuj Gujarat has joined. By now the weakness of both
tectonism and anthropogenic activities have been focused ahead.

2
Vision
Make India disaster resilient, achieve substantial disaster risk reduction, and significantly decrease the
losses of life, livelihoods, and assets – economic, physical, social, cultural, and environmental – by
maximizing the ability to cope with disasters at all levels of administration as well as among
communities.
Objectives
1) Improve the understanding of disaster risk, hazards, and vulnerabilities
2) Strengthen disaster risk governance at all levels from local to centre
3) Invest in disaster risk reduction for resilience through structural, non-structural and financial
measures, as well as comprehensive capacity development
4) Enhance disaster preparedness for effective response
5) Promote “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction
6) Prevent disasters and achieve substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods,
health, and assets (economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental)
7) Increase resilience and prevent the emergence of new disaster risks and reduce the existing risks
8) Promote the implementation of integrated and inclusive economic, structural, legal, social, health,
cultural, educational, environmental, technological, political and institutional measures to prevent and
reduce hazard exposure and vulnerabilities to disaster
9) Empower both local authorities and communities as partners to reduce and manage disaster risks
10) Strengthen scientific and technical capabilities in all aspects of disaster management
11) Capacity development at all levels to effectively respond to multiple hazards and for community-
based disaster management
12) Provide clarity on roles and responsibilities of various Ministries and Departments involved in
different aspects of disaster management
13) promote the culture of disaster risk prevention and mitigation at all levels
14) Facilitate the mainstreaming of disaster management concerns into the developmental planning
and processes
PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING:
When developing a disaster management plan, observance of the planning principles mentioned below.
• Simplicity: The plan shall be concise. Roles and responsibilities shall be clearly stated.
• Flexibility: The plan shall be flexible.
• Comprehensive: It shall describe arrangements for preventing, preparing for, responding to and
recovering from the effects of an emergency.
• Decision Making Process: The plan shall describe the decision making process which will be
adopted when an emergency occurs. While each emergency will be different, the decision
making process shall remain reasonably consistent.
• Consultation: The commitment of individuals to the plan is likely to be greatest when they have
been involved in its development.
• Dissemination: All members of the community shall be familiar with the content of the plan, and
shall be trained in and regularly exercise its procedures.

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• Review: The plan needs to be reviewed on a regular basis, preferably annually and following any
significant emergency, to ensure that it remains workable.
• Co-ordination: Planning should be coordinated with other agencies, such as the emergency
services and local municipalities, who shall have their own plans linked with the plans of the
districts/ municipalities/ surrounding community.
• Policy: Policy issued shall be resolved during the planning process.
• Consistency: The plans shall be consistent with the local policies of relevant education
authorities
• Scope of Responsibilities: The plan shall describe the scope and the limitations and
responsibilities.
• Co-operation: The plan shall also emphasize the role in providing support to the emergency
services (i.e. Police, fire services, ambulances etc) that are legally responsible for managing the
emergency.
Disaster management plans – need
• The officials have complete set of instructions, which they can follow to do and also issue
directions to their subordinates and the affected people.
• This has effect of only speeding up the rescue and relief operations, but also boosting the
morale of affected people.
• Disaster plan are also useful at pre-disaster stage, when warnings could be issued.
• Plan serves as guide to
officials at the critical time
and precious time is saved
which might otherwise be
lost in consultations with
senior officers and getting
formal approval from
authorities.
• Neither economical nor
practicable to protect
every item and entire
population against
calamitous situation,
response plans are
formulated for relief,
rehabilitation and
restoration by separate agencies
PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
 Disaster Preparedness
 Disaster impact
 Disaster Response
Plan Components
Hazard identificaion
Structural assessment
Non-Structural assessment
Recovery inevntor
Responseplan
Mitigation of hazard identified
Exacuation plan
special provision for needy people

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 Rehabilitation
 Disaster
 Mitigation
International organizations in disaster management
The World Conference has been convened three times, with each edition to date having been
hosted by Japan: in Yokohama in 1994, in Kobe in 2005 and in Sendai in 2015. As requested by the UN
General Assembly, The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) served as the
coordinating body for the Second and Third UN World Conference on Disaster Reduction in 2005 and
2015.
The conferences bring together government officials and other stakeholders, such as NGOs, civil
society organizations, and local government and private sector representatives from around the world
to discuss how to strengthen the sustainability of development by managing disaster and climate risks.
The Third UN World conference adopted the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030.
Previous conference outcomes include the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005 – 2015: Building the
Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters in 2005 and the Yokohama Strategy and Plan of
Action for a Safer World in 1994.
The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR)
• It was created in December 1999.
• It was established to ensure the implementation of the International Strategy for Disaster
Reduction (General Assembly (GA) resolution 54/219).
• Functions span the social, economic, environmental as well as humanitarian fields.
• Sendai Framework is a 15-year voluntary, non-binding agreement that maps out a broad,
people-centered approach to disaster risk reduction, succeeding the 2005-2015 Hyogo
Framework for Action.
• Four priorities - understanding disaster risk, strengthening disaster risk governance, investing in
disaster risk reduction, and enhancing disaster preparedness.
• UNISDR is led by a United Nations Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Disaster
Risk Reduction (SRSG) and has over 100 staff located in its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland,
5 regional offices (Africa: Nairobi, the Americas: Panama City, Arab States: Cairo, Asia-Pacific:
Bangkok and Europe: Brussels).
• UNISDR coordinates international efforts in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and guide, monitor as
well as report regularly on the progress of the implementation of the Sendai Framework for
Disaster Risk Reduction.
• Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction which is an authoritative biennial analysis
of global disaster risks and trends.
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR)
 Created in December 1999, UNISDR is the secretariat of the International Strategy for Disaster
Reduction (ISDR).

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 Its core areas of work includes ensuring disaster risk reduction (DRR) is applied to climate
change adaptation, increasing investments for DRR, building disaster-resilient cities, schools and
hospitals, and strengthening the international system for DRR.
The United Nations and its organisations
• The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) in collaboration with the Inter-
Agency Standing Committee (IASC) is the arm of the United Nations responsible for bringing
together national and international humanitarian providers to ensure a coherent response to
emergencies.
 Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) provides early warning of impending food
crises, and assesses global food supply problems.
• International Organization for Migration (IOM) is an intergovernmental agency which helps
transfer refugees.
• Office of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) provides assistance and
advice to governments and other actors on human rights issues, sets standards and monitors
rights violations.
• The United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) works to uphold children’s rights,
survival, development and protection by intervening in health, education, water, sanitation,
hygiene and protection.
• World Food Programme (WFP) is the principle supplier of relief food aid
• World Health Organization (WHO) provides global public health leadership by setting standards,
monitoring health trends, and providing direction on emergency health issues
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
 Swiss-based humanitarian organization and founding member of the International Red Cross
and Red Crescent Movement (1863).
 The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies is the world’s largest
humanitarian organization made up of 186 member Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
 Provides physical rehabilitation to people injured by explosive weapons or other types of
incident.
 ICRC organizes, in collaboration with WHO, the Health Emergencies in Large Populations (HELP)
course to upgrade professionalism in humanitarian assistance programmes.
 Involvement of individuals or physical therapy institutions in supporting these developments.
 The ICRC publication Health care in danger: the responsibilities of health-care personnel working
in armed conflicts and other emergencies provides guidance, in simple language, on rights and
responsibilities in conflict and other situations of violence for health.
 The International Federation’s mission is to improve the lives of vulnerable people by mobilizing
the power of humanity.
 It combines its relief activities with development work to strengthen the capacities of National
Societies and through them the capacity of individual people.
 The IFRC acts as the official representative of its member societies in the international field.

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World Organization for Animal Health
 Human and material resources needed to avoid and reduce the impact of potential disasters on
animal health and welfare.
 Disaster risk reduction and management, in particular public health authorities, to prevent and
control zoonosis.
 OIE continue its support for building the technical, management and good governance capacity
of Veterinary Services.
 Evaluation of performance of Veterinary Services (OIE PVS Tool), PVS Gap Analysis, legislation
missions and any other support via the PVS Pathway, in order to strengthen Veterinary Services.
 OIE and in collaboration with other international organisations, (FAO) and (WHO), and with
regional organisations, continue supporting Veterinary Authorities in developing surveillance,
simulation models and other tools that take into account the relationship between natural and
biological disasters, whether it is of natural or intentional origin .
 The Director General of the OIE contact the Secretariat of the United Nations International
Strategy for Disaster Reduction in order to promote interaction between the two organisations
in the areas of animal health and welfare, and disaster risk reduction and management.
 OIE support for Veterinary Service training and capacity-building on disaster risk reduction and
management, and by promoting sharing information and experience
Other organizations involved
 Doctors Without Borders (MSF) - An organization that is dedicated to helping people worldwide
where the need is greatest, delivering emergency medical aid to people affected by conflict,
epidemics, disasters, or exclusion from health care.
 Mennonite Central Committee - MCC is a global, non-profit organization that strives to share
relief, development and peace. When responding to disasters, they work with local groups to
distribute resources in ways that minimize conflict.
 Direct Relief International - Direct Relief is a humanitarian aid organization. It’s active in all 50
states and 70 countries and has a mission to improve the health and lives of people affected by
poverty or emergencies.
 Brethren Disaster Ministries - BDM's primary fields of work is engaging in a network of
volunteers to repair or rebuild damaged homes for disaster survivors who cannot recover on
their own.
 The Ananda Marga Universal Relief Team - AMURT’s mission is to help improve the quality of
life for the poor and disadvantaged in the world besides those affected by calamities and
conflicts.
 REACT International - They will provide public safety communications to individuals,
organizations, and government agencies to save lives, prevent injuries, and give assistance
wherever and whenever needed.
 All Hands - All Hands is the world’s leading disaster relief organization powered by volunteers.
Over the last ten years, they have enabled over 35,000 volunteers to donate 175,000 days
impacting 500,000 people all over the globe.

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 City Team International Disaster Response - It is a Christian nonprofit organization that’s
compassionately serving the poor, the homeless, and the lost in San Jose, Philadelphia, San
Francisco, Oakland, Portland, and other parts of the world.
 OXFAM - Oxfam is an international confederation of 18 NGOs working with partners in over 90
countries. They help those who need it most after natural disasters strike their homes.
 Billy Graham Rapid Response Team - The Billy Graham Rapid Response Team (RRT) trains God’s
people for grief ministry. It also deploys crisis trained chaplains to provide emotional and
spiritual care to those affected by man-made or natural disasters.
 ADRA - ADRA Canada, part of a world-wide ADRA network, has been working to end extreme
poverty in some of the poorest communities of our world for three decades.
 Hope Worldwide - HOPE worldwide is an international charity that changes of dedicated staff
and volunteers to deliver sustainable, high-impact, community-based services to the poor and
needy.
 NECHAMA - NECHAMA is a voluntary organization that provides natural disaster preparedness,
response, and recovery services nationwide. Help communities in the aftermath of floods,
tornadoes, and other natural disasters.
 United Methodist Committee on Relief - The United Methodist Committee on Relief (UMCOR) is
a non-profit organization dedicated to alleviating human suffering around the globe.
 Plan India - Plan India, a member of Plan International Federation, child development
organization committed to creating a lasting impact in the lives of vulnerable and excluded
children, their families, and communities.
 Save The Children - 2015 Save the Children responded to 99 humanitarian crises in 59
countries, directly reaching 13.8 million people, including 7.1 million children.
 CARE - CARE International is a global confederation of 14 member organizations working
together to end poverty caused by conflict and natural disaster.
 Global Giving – Global Giving is the first and largest global crowdfunding community for non-
profits.
 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation - Their Global Development Division for instance works to help
the world’s poorest people lift themselves out of hunger and poverty which is often caused by
natural disaster.
 ICCO - ICCO is the interchurch organization for development cooperation. They work towards a
world in which people can live in dignity and well-being; a world free from poverty and injustice.
 Relief International - Relief International is a non-profit organization whose sole mission is to
reduce human suffering. They respond to natural disasters, humanitarian emergencies, and
chronic poverty.
 Mission Aviation Fellowship - You'll find MAF in the hardest-to-reach locations, where people
live isolated from the rest of the world, cut off from the most basic necessities
 World Vision - They’re continuously building relationships. By planning and working alongside
local leaders, they’re finding solutions to change the future generation.
 Amref - They are committed to improving the health of people in Africa by partnering with and
empowering communities, and strengthening health systems.
 ShelterBox - By providing emergency shelter and tools for families robbed of their homes by
disaster, they’re transforming despair into hope.

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National Level
Institutional Framework
The overall coordination of disaster management vests with the Ministry of Home Affairs
(MHA). The Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) and the National Crisis Management Committee
(NCMC) are the key committees involved in the top-level decision-making with regard to disaster
management. The NDMA is the lead agency responsible for the preparation DM plans and the
execution at the national level.
State governments will be carrying out disaster management with the central government
playing a supporting role. The central agencies will participate only on the request from the state
government. Within each state, there is a separate institutional framework for disaster management at
the state-level.

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National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
Government of India established the NDMA in 2005, headed by the Prime Minister. Under the
DM Act 2005, the NDMA, as the apex body for disaster management, shall have the responsibility for
laying down the policies, plans, and guidelines for disaster management for ensuring timely and
effective response to disaster. The guidelines of NDMA will assist the Central Ministries, Departments,
and States to formulate their respective DM plans. It will approve the National Disaster Management
Plans and DM plans of the Central Ministries / Departments. It will oversee the provision and
application of funds for mitigation an NDMA has the power to authorize the Departments or authorities
concerned, to make emergency procurement of provisions or materials for rescue and relief in a
threatening disaster situation or disaster. The general superintendence, direction, and control of the
National Disaster Response Force (NDRF). The National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM)
works within the framework of broad policies and guidelines laid down by the NDMA. The NDMA has
the mandate to deal with all types of disasters – natural or human-induced.
Emergencies such as terrorism (counter-insurgency), law and order situations, hijacking, air
accidents, CBRN weapon systems, which require the close involvement of the security forces and/or
intelligence agencies, and other incidents such as mine disasters, port and harbor emergencies, forest
fires, oilfield fires and oil spills will be handled by the National Crisis Management Committee (NCMC).
National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
Specialist response force that can be deployed in a threatening disaster situation or disaster.
Superintendence, direction and control of the NDRF shall be vested and exercised by the NDMA. The

10
command and supervision of the NDRF shall vest with the Director General appointed by the
Government of India. The NDRF will position its battalions at different locations as required for effective
response. NDRF units will maintain close liaison with the designated State Governments and will be
available to them in the event of any serious threatening disaster situation. The NDRF is equipped and
trained to respond to situations arising out of natural disasters and CBRN emergencies. The NDRF units
will also impart basic training to all the stakeholders identified by the State Governments in their
respective locations. Further, a National Academy will be set up to provide training for trainers in
disaster management and to meet related National and International commitments. Experience in
major disasters has clearly shown the need for pre-positioning of some response forces to augment the
resources at the State level at crucial locations including some in high altitude regions.
Contingency Action Plan (CAP) at national level list out detail of actions to be taken at various levels
government at the time of calamity.
1. Steps taken before disaster
• Identification of vulnerable areas
• Monitoring and setting up of control rooms
• Warnings
• Arrangements for relief campus, food, essential commodities, medical facilities, etc
• Fund allocation
• Alerting administration
• Community preparedness
2. Steps to be taken during disaster
• Evacuation
• Settings up of relief camps and handling
• Monitoring and report
• VIP visit
3. Steps to be taken after disaster
• Disposal of dead bodies
• Cleaning of debris
• Disbursement of
relief
4. Steps to be taken for
reconstruction
• Closure of relief
camps
• Restoration of
infrastructure
• Recognition of
good work
• Feedback
Central level
Short Term
Special inputs
Facilitation
Resource mobilization
Long Term
Development Initiatives
Monitoring preparedness and
prevention measures
International Assistance

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Facilitation
Central govt role becomes of that of a facilitator during emergency, Gives assistance to state govt’s.
Resource mobilization
Providing additional funds, support from army, etc
Special inputs
By providing various national or international institutions specialised work in disaster management
International assistance
Through bilateral or multilateral agreements providing loans.
Monitoring preparedness and prevention measures
Provide necessary support to hazard prone area.
Development Initiatives
Through NITI AAYOGA and other agencies should start initiatives to prepare plans.
Key national-level decision-making bodies for disaster management
Name Composition Vital role
1
Cabinet
Committee
on Security
(CCS)
Prime Minister, Minister of
Defence, Minister of Finance,
Minister of Home Affairs,
and Minister of External
Affairs
• Evaluation from a national security perspective, if
an incident has potentially security implications
• Oversee all aspects of preparedness, mitigation
and management of Chemical, Biological,
Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) emergencies and
of disasters with security implications
• Review risks of CBRN emergencies from time to
time, giving directions for measures considered
necessary for disaster prevention, mitigation,
preparedness and effective response
2
National
Crisis
Management
Committee
(NCMC)
• Cabinet Secretary
(Chairperson)
• Secretaries of
Ministries /
Departments and
agencies with specific
DM responsibilities
• Oversee the Command, Control and Coordination
of the disaster response
• Give direction to the Crisis Management Group as
deemed necessary
• Give direction for specific actions to face crisis
Situations
3
National
Disaster
Management
Authority
(NDMA)
• Prime Minister
(Chairperson)
• Members (not
exceeding nine,
nominated by the
Chairperson)
• Lay down policies, plans and guidelines for
disaster management
• Coordinate their enforcement and implementation
throughout the country
• Approve the NDMP and the DM plans of the
respective Ministries and Departments of
Government of India
• Lay down guidelines for disaster management to
be followed by the different Central Ministries,
Departments and the State Governments
4
National
Executive
Union Home
Secretary (Chairperson)
• To assist the NDMA in the discharge of its
functions

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Committee
(NEC)
• Secretaries to the GOI in
the Ministries / Departments
of
Agriculture, Atomic Energy,
Defence, Drinking Water and
sanitation, Environment,
Forests and Climate Change
Finance (Expenditure),
Health and Family Welfare,
Power, Rural Development,
Science and Technology,
Space,
Telecommunications, Urban
Development, Water
Resources, River
Development
and Ganga Rejuvenation,
The
Chief of the Integrated
Defence Staff of the Chiefs of
Staff Committee, ex officio as
members.
• Secretaries in the Ministry
of External Affairs, Earth
Sciences, Human Resource
Development, Mines,
Shipping, Road Transport
and Highways and Secretary,
NDMA are special invitees to
the meetings of the NEC.
• Preparation of the National Plan
• Coordinate and monitor the implementation of
the National Policy
• Monitor the implementation of the National Plan
and the plans prepared by the Ministries or
Departments of the Government of India
• Direct any department or agency of the Govt. to
make available to the NDMA or SDMAs such men,
material or resources as are available with it for the
purpose of emergency response, rescue and relief
• Ensure compliance of the directions issued by the
Central Government
• Coordinate response in the event of any
threatening disaster situation or disaster
• Direct the relevant Ministries / Departments of the
GoI, the State Governments and the SDMAs
regarding measures to be taken in response to
Urban Development, Water Resources, River
Development
and Ganga Rejuvenation, The Chief of the
Integrated Defence Staff of the Chiefs of Staff
Committee, ex officio as members.
• Secretaries in the Ministry of External Affairs,
Earth Sciences, Human Resource Development,
Mines, Shipping, Road Transport and Highways and
Secretary, NDMA are special invitees to the
Meetings of the NEC.
5
National
Disaster
Response
Force
(NDRF)
Specially trained force
headed by a Director
General Structured like para
military forces for rapid
deployment
Provide assistance to the relevant State
Government/District Administration in the event of
an imminent hazard event or in its aftermath
6
National
Institute of
Disaster
Management
(NIDM)
Union Home Minister;
Vice Chairman, NDMA;
Members including
Secretaries of various
nodal Ministries and
Departments of Government
of India and State
Governments and heads of
national levels scientific,
research and technical
organizations, besides
eminent scholars, scientists
• Human resource development and capacity
building for disaster management within the
broad policies and guidelines laid down by the
NDMA
• Design, develop and implement training
programmes
• Undertake research
• Formulate and implement a comprehensive
human resource development plan
• Provide assistance in national policy formulation,
assist other research and training institutes, state
governments and other organizations for

13
and practitioners. successfully discharging their responsibilities
• Develop educational materials for dissemination
• Promote awareness generation
State Level
State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA)
It will, inter alia approve the State Plan in accordance with the guidelines laid down by the NDMA,
coordinate the implementation of the State Plan, recommend provision of funds for mitigation and
preparedness measures and review the developmental plans of
the different Departments of the State to ensure the integration
of prevention, preparedness and mitigation measures. The State
Government shall constitute a State Executive Committee (SEC)
to assist the SDMA in the performance of its functions. The SEC
will be headed by the Chief Secretary to the State Government.
The SEC will coordinate and monitor the implementation of the
National Policy, the National Plan, and the State Plan. The SEC
will also provide information to the NDMA relating to different
aspects of DM.
State Government shall take necessary steps for the preparation
Statelevel
Co-ordination
Preparedness
Resource Mobilisation

14
of state DM plans, integration of measures for prevention of disasters or mitigation into state
development plans, allocation of funds, and establish EWS. Depending on specific situations and needs,
the State Government shall also assist the Central Government and central agencies in various aspects
of DM. Each state shall prepare its own State Disaster Management Plan.
1. Co-ordination
• Crucial role as coordinator.
• State govt should initiate counter measures.
• SG needs to maintain close liaison with the central as well as the district authorities.
2. Preparedness
• Advance warnings
• Inform district authorities and advise them on suitable line of action.
3. Resource mobilization
• Provide necessary funds from state budgeting
District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA)
Each State Government shall establish a
District Disaster Management Authority for every
district in the State. DDMA will be headed by the
District Collector, Deputy Commissioner, or District
Magistrate as the case may be, with the elected
representative of the local authority as the Co-
Chairperson. The State Government shall appoint an
officer not below the rank of Additional Collector or
Additional District Magistrate or Additional Deputy
Commissioner, as the case may be, of the district to
be the Chief Executive Officer of the District
Authority. The DDMA will act as the planning,
coordinating and implementing body for DM at the
District level and take all necessary measures for the
purposes of DM in accordance with the guidelines
laid down by the NDMA and SDMA.
It will, inter alia, prepare the DM plan for the District and monitor the implementation of the all
relevant national, state, and district policies and plans. The DDMA will also ensure that the guidelines
for prevention, mitigation, preparedness, and response measures laid down by the NDMA and the
SDMA are followed by all the district-level offices of the various departments of the State Government.
1. Evacuation
• Advance warnings
• Plans at district level should sufficiently provide for this
2. Relief & Rescue operations
• District headquarters is the focal point for all rescue and relied activities
Districtlevel
Evacuation
Relief & Rescue operations
Damage Assessment and
information collection

15
3. Damage Assessment and information collection
• Based on the assessment carried by district authorities funds and other resources can be
mobilised at state or national or international level.
Preparation of disaster management plan
Short term plan (STP)
• STP to be provide immediately following a disaster based on past experience
• STP based and aimed at restoring normalcy in short period.
• Amount of resource material required to be mobilised.
• Data on the intensity and spread of various disaster in area last 10yrs (Documentation)
• Lessons to serve as inputs for future planning of relief and recue.
• STP should base on declared vulnerability of the area to particular type of disaster.
• Forecasts on future disasters should be usefully translated into action plans.
• STP incorporate suggestions & capabilities of all concerned depts., state, NGOs, CBOs.
• Plans prepared by setting up committees groups at appropriate level
Long term plan (LTP)
• Plans should have ability to build a culture of disaster mitigation and be aimed to reduce
vulnerability of the area.
• LTP incorporate policy directives on preparedness as well as post disaster construction and
rehabilitation phases.
• Foremost requirement is establishing its needs in an area.
• Rehabilitation would depend considerably on the damage assessment report.
• Detailed study survey of the community.
• LTP should seek an objective of achieving overall development and satisfying basic needs
(shelter, economic and social) of the community.
• Plans implemented successfully only through partnerships with NGOs and community
participation.
DM Plan
Short term Long term

Disaster Management System in India - Notes

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