This document discusses the different levels of disease prevention: 1) Primordial prevention aims to prevent risk factors from developing in a population through education and policies around nutrition, smoking, physical activity, and lifestyle changes. 2) Primary prevention removes the possibility of disease through actions like vaccination taken before disease onset, with approaches targeting whole populations or high-risk groups. 3) Secondary prevention stops disease at early stages through early detection (like dental screenings) and treatment to prevent progression and complications. 4) Tertiary prevention focuses on reducing impairments and disabilities in advanced disease through rehabilitation, exercises, reconstructive surgery, and prosthetics to promote adjustment to conditions.

1. Levels of Prevention
Block-6
Module-11: PreventionofOralDiseases
&OralHealthPromotion
Dr Qurat-Ul-Ain
Assistant Professor
Community Dentistry
HBS Medical And Dental College

2. Learning Objectives
•Background
•What is prevention
•Level of prevention
1. Primordial
2. Primary
3. Secondary
4. Tertiary

3. QUOTE OFTHE DAY
If you don’t fight for what you
want
Then
don’t cry for what you lost…..!

4. Background
As health professional we have fundamental
responsibilities;
•Promotion of health
•Prevention of illness
•Restoration of health
•Alleviation of suffering

5. Background
Two phases of disease
1. Pre pathogenesis
2. Pathogenesis

6. What Is Disease Prevention
•Prevention is the action aimed at
eradicating , eliminating or
minimizing the impact of disease and
disability
•Or
•Activities designed to protect patients
or other members of the public from
actual or potential health threats and
their harmful consequences.

7. Level of prevention
1. Primordial prevention
2. Primary prevention
3. Secondary prevention
4. Tertiary prevention

8. Primordial prevention
•Prevention of development of risk
factors in a population/ community,
which they have not yet appeared
•Discouraging people from adopting
harmful life styles/ habits by individual
or mass education

9. Examples Of Primordial Prevention
National programs and policies on;
1. Food and nutrition
2. Comprehensive policies for
discourage smoking, alcohol and
drugs
3. To promote regular physical activity
4. Making major changes in lifestyle

11. Primary prevention
The action taken prior to the onset of
disease, which removes the possibility
that the disease will ever occur is called
primary prevention
Action taken before onset of disease- pre
pathogenic phase

13. Primary Prevention
• WHO has recommended following
approaches for primary prevention of
diseases where risk factors are
established;
• 1- whole population / mass approach/
strategy
• 2-High risk approach / strategy

15. Secondary Prevention
•It is defined as an action which stops the
progress of a disease at its incipient stage
and prevents complication
•Early Pathogenic phase
•Early diagnoses of disease (For example,
caries/ gingivitis or screening tests for oral
cancers, radiographic examination) and
treatment

16. Secondary Prevention

17. • Protect community
from acquiring the
infection and thus
provide at once
secondary
prevention for
infected ones and
primary prevention
for their potential
contacts.

18. Objectives Of Secondary Prevention
•Complete cure and prevent the
progression of disease process.
•To prevent spreads of disease by curing
known cases.
•Prevent the complication and sequel of
disease
•To shorten the period of disability.

19. Tertiary Prevention
•Tertiary prevention used when disease
process has advanced beyond its early
stages.
•Intervention in late pathogenesis phase.
•Define as all measures available to reduce or
limit impairments and disabilities, and to
promote the patients adjustment to
irremediable conditions.

21. What Is Disability Limitation
• Impairment : any loss / abnormality of psychological,
physical or anatomic structure or function
• Disability: any restriction or lack of ability to perform
an activity in manner considered normal for human
being
• Handicap: disadvantage for a given individual.
Resulting from impairment or disability, that limits or
prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal for
that individual.

24. Rehabilitation
•Rehabilitation is the combined & coordinated
use of medical, social, educational, and
vocational measures for training and
retraining the individual to the highest
possible level of functional ability
•Also need cooperation from different
sections of society

26. Rehabilitation
•For example;
•Exercises in neurological disorders
•Reconstructive surgery in oral cancer
•Prosthetics restoration of lost tooth / lost
structure after surgery

29. •Any Question

30. Quiz
•Q. the local hospital offers yearly oral
cancers screenings to public?

31. Secondary prevention

32. Quiz
• Q. a dental nurse provides dental caries
vaccine to clients in an immunization
clinic of dental hospital?

33. Primary Prevention

34. Quiz
•A 50 year old female patient referred to a
speech rehabilitation after removal of oral
cancer lesion and placement of dental
prostheses ?

35. Tertiary Prevention

37. •Thanks For Listening