Levels of prevention include primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Primordial prevention aims to prevent risk factors from developing in a population through health education. Primary prevention occurs before disease onset through strategies like immunization and health promotion. Secondary prevention detects disease early through screening and treats it before complications arise. Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation and reducing impairments for patients with advanced disease.
Health is a multifactorial
The factors which determine the health of an individual are many, some are inside the body ( genetic/ intrinsic) and some are outside the body ( environmental factors)
The interaction of these factors may either promote or deteriorate the health.
The important determinants of health are,
it is a short and essential details regarding levels of prevention in Community health Nursing.and this ppt is most important for Nurses especially for post basic B.S.Sc.nursing students , because all criteria of power point presentation are followed in this ppt file.please like , share and improve your knowledge.thank you...
Health is a multifactorial
The factors which determine the health of an individual are many, some are inside the body ( genetic/ intrinsic) and some are outside the body ( environmental factors)
The interaction of these factors may either promote or deteriorate the health.
The important determinants of health are,
it is a short and essential details regarding levels of prevention in Community health Nursing.and this ppt is most important for Nurses especially for post basic B.S.Sc.nursing students , because all criteria of power point presentation are followed in this ppt file.please like , share and improve your knowledge.thank you...
The level of prevention topic will help you to know about how to prevent any particular disease in humans. Level of prevention is categorized into four
Primordial prevention
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
DEFINITION
“Actions directed to preventing illness and promoting health to reduce the need for secondary or tertiary health care.
Mosby’s Medical dictionary, 8th edition, 2009
“The action of stopping something from happening or arising”.
Oxford English Dictionary. Lexico 2020
GOALS OF PREVENTION
To promote health
To preserve health
To restore health when it is impaired
To minimize suffering and distress
Successful prevention depends upon:
a knowledge of causation
dynamics of transmission
identification of risk factors and risk groups
availability of prophylactic or early detection and treatment measures,
LEVELS OF PREVENTION
1) Primordial Prevention
2) Primary Prevention
3) Secondary Prevention
4) Tertiary Prevention
PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION
It is the prevention of emergence or development of risk factors in countries or population groups in which they have not yet appeared.
Main intervention is through individual and mass education.
Eg: Efforts directed towards discouraging children from adopting harmful lifestyles.
PRIMARY PREVENTION
“Primary prevention can be defined as the action taken prior to the onset of disease, which removes the possibility that the disease will ever occur.”
Intervention is in the pre- pathogenesis phase of a disease or health problem.
The WHO has recommended the following approaches for the primary prevention of chronic diseases where the risk factors are established: –
A) Population (mass) strategy
B) High -risk strategy
SECONDARY PREVENTION
Definition
“ An Action which halts the progress of a disease at its incipient stage and prevents complications.”
Modes of intervention – Early Diagnosis and Specific treatment
The health programmes initiated by governments are usually at the level of secondary prevention.
Advantages:
Important in reducing the high mortality and morbidity of certain diseases like hypertension, cancer cervix and breast cancer.
Disadvantages:
More expensive and less effective than primary prevention.
Patient is already subjected to mental anguish, physical pain;
TERTIARY PREVENTION
It is defined as “all the measures available to reduce or limit impairments and disabilities, and to promote the patients adjustment to irremediable conditions”.
It is the intervention in the late pathogenesis phase.
Treatment, even in late stages of disease, may prevent sequelae and limit disability.
Modes of Intervention - Disability limitation and Rehabilitation.
MODES OF INTERVENTION
“Intervention” can be defined as any attempt to intervene or interrupt the usual sequence in the development of disease in man.
5 modes of intervention
1. Health promotion
2. Specific protection
3. Early Diagnosis and treatment
4. Disability limitation
5.Rehabilitation
CONCLUSION
To initiate preventive measures it is not necessary to know everything about natural history of the disease.
Main objective of preventive medicine - to intercept or oppose the “cause” and thereby the disease process
“Actions aimed at eradicating, eliminating, or minimizing the impact of disease and disability.”
The concept of prevention is best defined in the context of levels, traditionally called primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
Levels of preventions:
1. Primordial prevention
2. Primary prevention
3. Secondary prevention
4. Tertiary prevention
5. Quaternary prevention
UNIT-II DETERMINANT OF HEALTH B.SC II YEAR.pptxanjalatchi
Health is influenced by many factors, which may generally be organized into five broad categories known as determinants of health: genetics, behavior, environmental and physical influences, medical care and social factors. These five categories are interconnected.
In this presentation you will get the knowledge about changing concepts of health.
the changing concepts of health has been categorised as follows:
1.Biomedical concept
2.Ecological concept
3.Psychological concept
4.Holistic concept
Introduction
Definition
Levels of Prevention
Primordial Prevention
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
Strategy Of Prevention
QUIZ
Nurses have 4 Fundamental responsibilities followed below ,
Promotion of Health
Prevention of illness
Restoration of Health
Alleviation of Suffering
Two phases of Disease are
(i) Pre Pathogenesis &
(ii) Pathogenesis
The level of prevention topic will help you to know about how to prevent any particular disease in humans. Level of prevention is categorized into four
Primordial prevention
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
DEFINITION
“Actions directed to preventing illness and promoting health to reduce the need for secondary or tertiary health care.
Mosby’s Medical dictionary, 8th edition, 2009
“The action of stopping something from happening or arising”.
Oxford English Dictionary. Lexico 2020
GOALS OF PREVENTION
To promote health
To preserve health
To restore health when it is impaired
To minimize suffering and distress
Successful prevention depends upon:
a knowledge of causation
dynamics of transmission
identification of risk factors and risk groups
availability of prophylactic or early detection and treatment measures,
LEVELS OF PREVENTION
1) Primordial Prevention
2) Primary Prevention
3) Secondary Prevention
4) Tertiary Prevention
PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION
It is the prevention of emergence or development of risk factors in countries or population groups in which they have not yet appeared.
Main intervention is through individual and mass education.
Eg: Efforts directed towards discouraging children from adopting harmful lifestyles.
PRIMARY PREVENTION
“Primary prevention can be defined as the action taken prior to the onset of disease, which removes the possibility that the disease will ever occur.”
Intervention is in the pre- pathogenesis phase of a disease or health problem.
The WHO has recommended the following approaches for the primary prevention of chronic diseases where the risk factors are established: –
A) Population (mass) strategy
B) High -risk strategy
SECONDARY PREVENTION
Definition
“ An Action which halts the progress of a disease at its incipient stage and prevents complications.”
Modes of intervention – Early Diagnosis and Specific treatment
The health programmes initiated by governments are usually at the level of secondary prevention.
Advantages:
Important in reducing the high mortality and morbidity of certain diseases like hypertension, cancer cervix and breast cancer.
Disadvantages:
More expensive and less effective than primary prevention.
Patient is already subjected to mental anguish, physical pain;
TERTIARY PREVENTION
It is defined as “all the measures available to reduce or limit impairments and disabilities, and to promote the patients adjustment to irremediable conditions”.
It is the intervention in the late pathogenesis phase.
Treatment, even in late stages of disease, may prevent sequelae and limit disability.
Modes of Intervention - Disability limitation and Rehabilitation.
MODES OF INTERVENTION
“Intervention” can be defined as any attempt to intervene or interrupt the usual sequence in the development of disease in man.
5 modes of intervention
1. Health promotion
2. Specific protection
3. Early Diagnosis and treatment
4. Disability limitation
5.Rehabilitation
CONCLUSION
To initiate preventive measures it is not necessary to know everything about natural history of the disease.
Main objective of preventive medicine - to intercept or oppose the “cause” and thereby the disease process
“Actions aimed at eradicating, eliminating, or minimizing the impact of disease and disability.”
The concept of prevention is best defined in the context of levels, traditionally called primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
Levels of preventions:
1. Primordial prevention
2. Primary prevention
3. Secondary prevention
4. Tertiary prevention
5. Quaternary prevention
UNIT-II DETERMINANT OF HEALTH B.SC II YEAR.pptxanjalatchi
Health is influenced by many factors, which may generally be organized into five broad categories known as determinants of health: genetics, behavior, environmental and physical influences, medical care and social factors. These five categories are interconnected.
In this presentation you will get the knowledge about changing concepts of health.
the changing concepts of health has been categorised as follows:
1.Biomedical concept
2.Ecological concept
3.Psychological concept
4.Holistic concept
Introduction
Definition
Levels of Prevention
Primordial Prevention
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
Strategy Of Prevention
QUIZ
Nurses have 4 Fundamental responsibilities followed below ,
Promotion of Health
Prevention of illness
Restoration of Health
Alleviation of Suffering
Two phases of Disease are
(i) Pre Pathogenesis &
(ii) Pathogenesis
The concept of prevention is best defined in the context of levels, tradition...hosamELMANNA
Concept of control:
The term disease control describes ongoing operations aimed at reducing:
The incidence of disease
The duration of disease and consequently the risk of transmission
The effects of infection, including both the physical and psychosocial complications
The financial burden to the community.
Occupational therapists are well situated to work collaboratively with communities to identify needs, develop implementation strategies, and deliver health services and programs.
Although the value of occupation for health and well-being is fundamental to the occupational therapy profession, this view is not well recognized in the field of public health.
This lecture slides seek to identify core activities of Public Health in Occupational Therapy
Sleep and rest, BSC NURSING FIRST YEAR NURSING FOUNDATION , UNIT X , MEETING NEEDS OF PATIENT , PHYSIOLOGY OF SLEEP, SLEEP DISORDERS, FACTORS AFFECTING SLEEP, PROMOTING SLEEP AND STAGES OF SLEEP.
Waste management in the center and clinicsKrupa Mathew
community health nursing - Role of community health nurse in waste management in the center and clinics --- for bsc nursing students --- hospital waste management ---biomedical waste management
QA Paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka 2020Azreen Aj
QA study - To improve the 6th monthly recall rate post-comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia in paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Welcome to Secret Tantric, London’s finest VIP Massage agency. Since we first opened our doors, we have provided the ultimate erotic massage experience to innumerable clients, each one searching for the very best sensual massage in London. We come by this reputation honestly with a dynamic team of the city’s most beautiful masseuses.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
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Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
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2. • Introduction
• Definition
• Levels of Prevention
i. Primordial Prevention
ii. Primary Prevention
iii. Secondary Prevention
iv. Tertiary Prevention
• Strategy Of Prevention
CONTENT
3. INTRODUCTION
• Nurses have 4 Fundamental responsibilities followed below ,
Promotion of Health
Prevention of illness
Restoration of Health
Alleviation of Suffering
• Two phases of Disease are
(i) Pre Pathogenesis &
(ii) Pathogenesis
4. DEFINITION
• “Activities designed to protect patients or other members of the public
from actual or pot ential health threats and their
harmful consequences.”
• OR
• “Prevention is the action aimed at eradicating, eliminating or
minimizing the impact of disease and disability.”
7. 1) PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION
• “This is a prevention of Development of risk Factors in a
Population group , which they have not yet appeared.”
• Special Attention is Given in preventing Chronic Disease.
• Main Intervention is Health Education.
• In this efforts are dedicated towards Discouraging people from
adopting Harmful Life styles/Habits through Individual & Mass
Education.
8. CONT…
• Primordial prevention, a relatively new concept, is receiving
special attention in the prevention of chronic diseases. Ex.,
many adult health problems (e.g. obesity, hypertension) have
their early origins in childhood, because this is the time
when lifestyles are formed(Ex., smoking, eating patterns,
physical exercise).
• Primordial prevention begins in childhood when health risk
behavior begins. Parents, teachers and peer groups are
important in imparting health education to children.
9. EXAMPLES OF PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION
National programs and policies on:
• Food and nutrition
• Comprehensive Policies for discourage
smoking , Alcohol & Drugs
• To promote regular physical activity
• Making major changes in lifestyle
10. 2) PRIMARY PREVENTION
• “Primary prevention can be defined as the action taken prior to the
onset of disease, which removes the possibility that the disease will ever
occur.”
• In this Action are taken before the onset of Disease.
• It signifies intervention in the pre- pathogenesis phase of a disease or
health problem.
• It includes the concept of "positive health", a concept that encourages
achievement and maintenance of "an acceptable level of health that
will enable every individual to lead a socially and economically
productive life".
12. APPROACHES FOR PRIMARY PREVENTION:
• The WHO has recommended the following approaches for
the primary prevention of chronic diseases where the risk
factors areestablished:
– A) Population (mass) strategy
– B) High -risk strategy
13. A)POPULATION (MASS) STRATEGY
• “Population strategy" is directed at the whole population irrespective of
individual risk levels.
• For example, studies have shown that even a small reduction in the
average blood pressure or serum cholesterol of a population would
produce a large reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular disease
• The population approach is directed towards socio-economic, behavioral
and lifestyle changes
14. B) HIGH -RISK STRATEGY:
• The high -risk strategy aims to bring preventive care to individuals
at special risk.
• This requires detection of individuals at high risk by the optimum
use of clinical methods.
• Primary prevention is a “Holistic” approach which relies on the
measures teken to Promote Health.
16. (I)HEALTH PROMOTION
• “It is the process of enabling people to increase control over the
determinants of health and thereby improve their health”.
• OR
• “ Health Promotion is directed towards Strengthening the
Host.”
• OR
• Process of enabling people to increase control over and to
improve health
17. CONT…
• Main Aims of Health promotion is To enable people to increase
control over Health & To Improve the Over all Health.
• There Aim can be achieved by the following Intervention :
Health Education
Environmental Modification
Behavioral Changes
Life Style change
Nutritional Intervention
18. CONT…
• Health education to improve healthy habits and health consciousness in the
community.
• Improvement in nutritional standards of the community.
• Healthful physical environment (Housing, water supply, excreta disposal
etc.,)
• Good working condition
• Periodic Selective examination of risk population.
19. (I) SPECIFIC PROTECTION
• “ Efforts directed toward protection against specific diseases.”
• OR
• “ The provision of Conditions for normal Mental & Physical Functioning
of the Human beings & in Group.it includes the Promotion of Health ,
Prevention of Sickness , & Care of Individuals .”
20. INTERVENTION
• Immunization
• Use of specific nutrients
• Chemoprophylaxis
• Protection against occupational hazards
• Protection against accidents
• Control of General Environment
• Avoidance of allergens etc.
21. CONT…
• Use of Specific immunization (BCG, DPT,MMR vaccines)
• Chemoprophylaxis (tetracycline for Cholera, dapsone for Leprosy,
Chloroquine for malaria,etc.,)
• Use of specific nutrients (vitamin A for Children, iron folic acid
tablets for Pregnant mothers)
• Protection against accidents (Use of helmet, seatbelt,etc.,)
• Protection against occupational hazards.
• Avoidance of allergens.
• Protection from air pollution.
22. 3.SECONDARY PREVENTION
• It is defined as “ An Action which halts the progress of a disease at its
incipient stage and prevents complications.”
The specific interventions are:
(i) early diagnosis (e.g. screening tests, breast self examination, pap smear
test, radiographic examinations etc.)& Treatment
(ii) Referral
23. CONT…
• Secondary prevention attempts to arrest the disease process,
restore health by seeking out unrecognized disease and treating it
before irreversible pathological changes take place, and reverse
communicability of infectious diseases.
• It protects others in the community from acquiring the infection and
thus provide at once secondary prevention for the infected ones and
primary prevention for their potential contacts.
24. OBJECTIVES OF SECONDARY PREVENTION
Complete cure and prevent the progression of disease process.
To prevent the spreads of disease by curing all the known cases.
To prevent the complications and sequel of disease.
To shorten the period of disability.
25. (I) EARLY DIAGNOSIS
• The Disease complications can be prevented & Health can be Restored by
Diagnosing the Disease at it’s Early stages & by providing the adequate
Treatment according to the Health problem Includes :
Arrests/Stops the Disease Process
Restore the Health
Treat the Disease before Irreversible pathological changes
occur.
Reverse the Communicability of infectious Disease.
26. CONT…
• Screening Surveys ( urine Examination for Diabetes)
• Mass Treatment Approach includes :
Juvenile Mass Treatment
Selective Mass Treatment
Total Mass Treatment
• The type of Approach used depends upon Nature of Disease &
Incidence of Diseaase.
27. 4.TERTIARY PREVENTION
• It is used when the disease process has advanced beyond its early
stages.
• It is defined as “all the measures available to reduce or limit
impairments and disabilities, and to promote the patients’ adjustment to
irremediable conditions.”
• Intervention that should be accomplished in the stage of tertiary
prevention are disability limitation, and rehabilitation.
• Intervention in Late Pathogenesis Phase.
29. (I) DISABILITY LIMITATION
• To prevent or halt the transition of disease process from Impairment
& Handicap.
• Impairment: any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological
or anatomic structure or function.
• Disability: any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the
manner considered normal for a human being.
• Handicap: disadvantage for a given individual, resulting from impairment
or disability, that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal
for that individual
30. Accident
Impairment: Loss Of An
Anatomical Structure
Disability: Lack Of Ability
To Perform An Activity
Handicap: Prevents
Fulfillment Of Normal
32. (II) REHABILITATION
• Rehabilitation is “ the combined and coordinated use of
medical, social, educational, and vocational measures for
training and retraining the individual to the highest
possible level of functional ability.”
• Requires cooperation from different sections of society.
34. CONT…
• Medical rehabilitation: (restoration of Bodily Function).
• Vocational rehabilitation:( restoration of the capacity to earn a livelihood)
• Social rehabilitation: (restoration of family and social relationship).
• Psychological rehabilitation: (Restoration of personal dignity and
confidence).
35. EXAMPLES OF
REHABILITATION
• Establishing schools for the blind.
• Exercises in neurological disorders
• Prosthetic restoration of lost tooth
• Reconstructive surgery in Leprosy.
• Change of profession for a more suitable one and modification of
life in general in the case of TB,etc.,
