13. Coater, hand operated

14. 2. GLASS PLATE Specific dimensions- 20cm Х 20cm, 20cm Х 10cm, 20cm Х 5cm Microscopic slides can also be used Plates should be of good quality & withstand high temperatures 3. PREPARATION & ACTIVATION OF TLC PLATES ♦ Pouring ( simplest methods ) ♦ Dipping (used for small plates ) ♦ Spraying ( difficult to get uniform layers ) ♦ Spreading ( best technique ) TLC Spreader

18. Activation of Plates ○ After spreading -> Air dry (5 to 10 minutes) ○ Activated by heating at about 100 ˚C for 30 min. Then plates may be kept in desiccators 4. APPLICATION OF SAMPLE » Using capillary tube or micropipette » Spotting area should not be immersed in the mobile phase 5. DEVELOPMENT TANK ▫ Better to develop in glass beakers, jars to avoid more wastage of solvents ▫ When standard method is used, use twin trough tanks ▫ Do chamber saturation to avoid “edge effect”

19. 6. MOBILE PHASE M.P used depends upon various factors ► Nature of the substance ► Nature of the S.P ► Mode of Chromatography ► Separation to be achieved, Analytical/Preparative e.g. -> pyridine, pet. ether, carbon tetrachloride, acetone, water, glycerol, ethanol, benzene….

22. APPLICATIONS OF TLC »Purity of sample »Examination of reaction »Identification of compounds »Biochemical analysis »In pharmaceutical industry »Separation of multicomponent pharmaceutical formulations »In food and cosmetic industry

23. T h a n k y o u