High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) involves injecting a liquid sample into a column packed with porous particles where the sample components are separated based on interactions with the packing particles. Components exit the column and are identified by a detector. Modern HPLC uses high pressure to achieve fast flow rates through columns packed with small, uniform particles for high separation efficiency. HPLC has various modes and is widely used in pharmaceutical, chemical, biochemical, and other industries for analysis, quantification, and purification.