This document provides details about the plant family Solanaceae. It discusses that Solanaceae is the third largest plant family, including 95 genera and over 2800 species. Key characteristics include herbs, shrubs, trees or vines with alternate leaves and five-petaled flowers. Economic importance includes food crops like potato, tomato and eggplant, as well as medicinal plants. Datura metal is described as having large white flowers, spiny capsules and endospermous seeds. Common Solanaceae species in Pakistan include tobacco, chili peppers and brinjal.

2. Plant Taxonomy and Embryology
Course Code: Bot-21201 M.Sc Botany
Topic: Deatil account of Family Solanaceae
Submitted to: Sir Asif Ghafoor
Submitted by: Sarfraz Ahmed (02-15)
The Islamia University Bahawalpur
Sub Campus Bahawalnagar

3. The largest Families of Plants
1- Sunflower family
Family (Asteraceae)
With about 24,000 species.

4. The Second largest Families of Plants
2- Orchid family
Family (Orchidaceae)
With about 20,000 species.

5. The Third largest Families of Plants
3- Legumes or pea family
Family (Fabaceae)
With about 18,000 species.

6. Solanaceae:
The Nightshade family

7. Classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Asteridae
Order: Solanales
Family: Solanaceae

8. General Information
Genera: About 95
Species: Over 2800
Distribution:
Temperate and Tropical;
In Pakistan, this family is
represented by 21 genera
and 70 species.
Greatest diversity found
in Central and South
America.

9. Habit:
Herbs
Shrubs
Trees
Lianas (woody vines)

10. Roots:
Tap root is fibrous
or tuberous
Stem:
Aerial
Erect
Spinous
Herbaceous
Woody
Cylindrical
Branched
Tuber.

11. Leaves:
Pinnately veined
Alternate
Simple
Exstipulate
Often hairy
Unicostate
Reticulate

12. Inflorescences:
Axillary cyme
Scorpioid cyme
Helicoid cyme
Umbellate cyme

13. FLOWER

14. Flowers:
Bractiate,
Ebractiate,
Pedicellate,
Dichlamydeous,
Pentamerous,
Complete,
Actinomorphic

15. Calyx
Sepals 5 Green
Gamosepalous
Tubular
valvate aestivation
imbricate aestivation

16. Corola
Petals 5,
Gamopetalous
Funnel shaped
Rotate
Tubular
Usually plicate

17. Androecium
Stamens 5,
epipetalous, alternate
with the petals,not equal
in length filaments are
inserted in the middle
or basal region of corolla
tube.
Anthers
Dithecous: Bilobed
Basifixed
Dorsifixed
Dehiscing longitudinally
(Solanum nigrum).

18. Gynoecium
Ovary superior
Bicarpellary
Syncarpous
Ovary bilocular
Style
Simple
Undivided.
Stigma Capitate.

19. Fruit:
A berry or septicidal capsule.
In Lycopersicon esculentum, & Solanum
Melongena the fruit is a berry.
In species of Datura and Petunia, the fruit is
a capsule.

20. Seed:
Endospermous
Seeds of Solanum malongena
Seeds of Datura

21. Floral Formula
Floral Diagram

22. Botanical description of
Datura metal

23. Habit
Large
Erect
Stout herb.
Root
Branched
Tap root system.
Stem
Hollow
Green
Herbaceous

24. Leaf
Simple
Alternate
Petiolate
Entire
Deeply lobed
Glabrous
Unicostate reticulate venation
Exstipulate.
Inflorescence
Solitary cyme
Axillary cyme.

25. Flower
Large
Greenish white
Bracteate
Pedicellate
Complete
Dichlamydeous
Pentamerous
Regular
Actinomorphic
Bisexual
Hypogynous.

26. Calyx
Sepals 5, green,
gamosepalous
valvate aestivation.
mostly persistent
Sepal is posterior
Corolla
Petals 5,
greenish white,
gamopetalous,
plicate (folded like a fan)
twisted aestivation,
funnel shaped
wide mouth
10 lobed.

27. Androecium
Stamens 5
Epipetalous
Alternate
In the middle of corolla tube.
Anthers
Basifixed,
Dithecous
Long filament
Introrse
Longitudinally dehiscent.

28. Gynoecium
Ovary superior,
Bicarpellary
Syncarpous.
Bilocular
Carpels are obliquely placed
Ovules on swollen axile placenta.

29. Style
Simple
Long
Filiform.
Stigma
Two lobed.
Fruit
Spinescent capsule
opening by four apical valves
with persistent calyx.
Seed
Endospermous.

30. Floral Formula:
Floral Diagram:

32. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
1. Food plants
1- Tubers of Solanum tuberosum (potato) are used as common vegetable
throughout the world.
2- Tender fruits of Solanum melongena (brinjal) and ripened fruits of
Lycopersicum esculentum (tomato) are used as delicious vegetables.

33. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
2. Medicinal plants
1- Roots of Atropa belladona yield powerful alkaloid ‘atropine’. It is used for
relieving muscular pain.
2- Leaves and flowers of Datura stramonium are the sources of drug
‘stramonium’ used to treat asthma and whooping cough. Leaves, flowers,
3- berries of Solanum trilobatum are used to treat cough.
4- Roots and leaves of Withania somnifera are used to treat nervous disorder
and are diuretic apart from useful tonic.

34. 3. Tobacco
1- Leaves of Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) contain alkaloids
nicotine, nornicotine and anabasine.
2- Nicotine is considered to be the principal alkaloid in
commercial tobaccos such as cigarette,(Bedi) and hukkahas
well as chewing and snuffing.
3- It is also used as sedative, antispasmodic and insecticide.
4. Ornamental plants
1- Cestrum diurnum (day jasmine), Cestrumno cturnum
(night jasmine) Petunia hybrid (pink flower) are grown in
gardens for their beautiful flowers.

35. Common Species:
Botanical Name. Common Name.
Solanum nigrum (Mako)
Withania somnifera (Asgand)
Solanum tubersom (Potato)
Cestrum nocturnum (Raat ki Rani)
Lycopersicum asculentus (Tomato)
Nicotiana tabacum (Tobacco)
Capsicum frutescence (Red Paper)
Datura stramoniu (Datura)
Solanum melangena (Brinjal)

36. Book: Text book of BOTANY
by
Dr. Mrs. RENU EDWIN
Dr. T. SEKAR

38. 1- The Largest Families of Plants
2- Systematic Position
3- General Characters
4- Floral Formula and Diagram
5- Botanical Description of
Datura Metal
6- Economic importance
7- Common Species
8- Reference