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Family Cucurbitaceae

The Cucurbitaceae family includes 100 genera and 850 species, primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions, with many cultivated for edible fruits. Key species include Cucurbita maxima (kadu), Luffa cylindrica (ghia tori), Cucumis sativus (cucumber), and Citrullus vulgaris (watermelon). Cucurbita maxima features climbing, weak-stemmed herbs with unisexual flowers, and various distinct characteristics in its morphology.

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Cucurbitaceae The family comprises of 100 genera and 850 species distributed mainly in tropical and sub- tropical regions of the world. Most members are cultivated for their edible fruits. The common are: Cucurbita maxima (Kadu), Luffa cylindrica (Ghia tori), Cucumis sativus (Cucumber), Citrullus vulgaris (Water melon) momordica charantia (Karela).
Distinguish Features of Cucurbita maxima Herbs with weak stems Tendril climber, simple leaves palmate flower unisexual, epigynous, calyx 5 united, corolla 5 to many, stamen 5, Tricapillary, syncarpous, unilocular, inferior ovary.
Cucurbita maxima (kadu) • Habit: • Tendril climbing herb cultivated • edible fruit • used vegetable. • monoecious • Stem: • Weak, • hairy, • herbaceous, • juicy.
Leaf • Cauline and ramal, • Alternate, • Exstipulate, • Petiolate (petioles long), • Simple, • Reticulate, • Multicostate, • Leaf lamina palmately • lobed (4 – 7 lobes).
Flowers of Cucurbita maxima • Male Flower (Staminate Flower) • Bracteate, • Pedicellate, • Incomplete, • Actinomorphic, • Unisexual, • Pentamerous, • Staminate.
Calyx: • Five sepals, • gamosepalous, • campanulate, • superior.
Corolla: • Five petals, • polypetalous, • campanulate, • superior.
Androecium: • Five stamens, • four united in pairs and • one free, • sigmoid, • superior. Gynoecium: The gynoecium is absent.
Floral Formula: • K(5) C(5) A1+(2)+(2) G_-0.
Female Flower (Pistillate Flower) • Pedicellate, • Incomplete, • Actinomorphic, • Epigynous, • Unisexual • Pistillate, • Pentamerous.
Calyx: • Five sepals, • Gamosepalous, • Campanulate, • Superior.
Five petals, Gamopetalous, Campanulate, uperior. Corolla:
• Androecium: The androecium is absent. • Gynoecium: • Tricarpellary, • syncarpous, • ovary inferior, • unilocular • ovules, • placentation parietal, • style cylindric, • stigma trilobed.
Floral Formula: • K(5) C(5) A(0) G(3).
Common Genera • bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) • bur cucumber (genus Sicyos) • bryony (genus Bryonia) • genus Citrulluscolocynth (C. colocynthis) • watermelon (C. lanatus) • chayote (Sechium edule) • cucumber (C. sativus) • gherkin (C. anguria) • melon (C. melo)muskmelon • loofah (genus Luffa) • musk cucumber (Sicana odorifera) • snake gourd (Trichosanthes cucumerina) • squash (genus Cucurbita)