The document summarizes key information about the Asteraceae (Compositae) family. It describes their classification as dicots with composite flower heads. The flowers can be tubular disc florets in the center and ligulate ray florets around the edge. Their fruits are cypselas and they have evolved specialized features like the pappus for wind dispersal. The family is considered advanced due to traits like the composite inflorescence that aid in cross-pollination and their worldwide success with many species.
Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea, Malva and Lavatera, as well as Tilia
* The members of this family are mainly distributed in the tropical parts of the world. The plants occur mostly in dry regions.
* Several shrubby species of Capparis occur in the Mediterranean region.
* Reference - Taxonomy of Angiosperms - Dr. B. P. Pandey
Family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) is generally characterized by typical legume fruit and the ability to symbiotically fix nitrogen. Among the three subfamilies, Papilionoideae is the largest and possesses the lion’s share of economically important legumes including pulses and forages. Although monophyletic origin is generally considered, traces of polyphyly and paraphyly are evidenced in the subfamilies Mimosoideae and Caesalpinioideae by molecular phylogenetic studies. Development of robust cytogenetic stocks (aneuploids, polyploids, chromosomal aberrations, somaclonal variants, transformants, etc.) and novel functional genomic tools (mutants, molecular markers, DNA libraries, barcode sequences, etc.) have paved the way to legume classical and molecular breeding for high-yield, nutritional quality, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and enhancement of its bioactive natural antioxidants.
Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea, Malva and Lavatera, as well as Tilia
* The members of this family are mainly distributed in the tropical parts of the world. The plants occur mostly in dry regions.
* Several shrubby species of Capparis occur in the Mediterranean region.
* Reference - Taxonomy of Angiosperms - Dr. B. P. Pandey
Family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) is generally characterized by typical legume fruit and the ability to symbiotically fix nitrogen. Among the three subfamilies, Papilionoideae is the largest and possesses the lion’s share of economically important legumes including pulses and forages. Although monophyletic origin is generally considered, traces of polyphyly and paraphyly are evidenced in the subfamilies Mimosoideae and Caesalpinioideae by molecular phylogenetic studies. Development of robust cytogenetic stocks (aneuploids, polyploids, chromosomal aberrations, somaclonal variants, transformants, etc.) and novel functional genomic tools (mutants, molecular markers, DNA libraries, barcode sequences, etc.) have paved the way to legume classical and molecular breeding for high-yield, nutritional quality, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and enhancement of its bioactive natural antioxidants.
the presentation is about plant family Brassicaceae. in this presentation you will study about general introduction of the family, its distributions, vegetative characters, floral characters, floral formula and diagram, important genera of this family and economic importance of this family.
Characters of Apiaceae:
Stem fistular, leaves alternate, much dissected mostly decompound, sheathing leaf base; inflorescence umbel or compound umbel occasionally simple; flowers epigynous, pentamerous, regular rarely zygomorphic, hermaphrodite; calyx superior, pentafid or 0; corolla five, polypetalous, often inflexed; stamens 5; carpels 2; syncarpous, bicarpellary with 2 pendulous ovules; honey-disc surrounding the stigmas – stylopodium is present; fruit cremocarp; seeds endospermic and oily.
A. Vegetative characters:
Habit:
Plants are mostly herbs which may be annual, biennial or perennial, the herbs may be large (Bupleurum, Heracleum, Agelica) rarely shrubs with aromatic odour due to the presence of oil ducts. Pseudocarum climbs by means of its petioles which are very sensitive to contact.
the presentation is about plant family Brassicaceae. in this presentation you will study about general introduction of the family, its distributions, vegetative characters, floral characters, floral formula and diagram, important genera of this family and economic importance of this family.
Characters of Apiaceae:
Stem fistular, leaves alternate, much dissected mostly decompound, sheathing leaf base; inflorescence umbel or compound umbel occasionally simple; flowers epigynous, pentamerous, regular rarely zygomorphic, hermaphrodite; calyx superior, pentafid or 0; corolla five, polypetalous, often inflexed; stamens 5; carpels 2; syncarpous, bicarpellary with 2 pendulous ovules; honey-disc surrounding the stigmas – stylopodium is present; fruit cremocarp; seeds endospermic and oily.
A. Vegetative characters:
Habit:
Plants are mostly herbs which may be annual, biennial or perennial, the herbs may be large (Bupleurum, Heracleum, Agelica) rarely shrubs with aromatic odour due to the presence of oil ducts. Pseudocarum climbs by means of its petioles which are very sensitive to contact.
* Caryophyllaceae is also known as pink family. Members of this family are well known for ornamental purposes.
* This family is well represented in the British Flora and many species are cultivated as ornamental garden flowers.
* The members of this family are commonly found in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
*Reference - Taxonomy of Angiosperms - Dr. B. P. Pandey
Key Characters of some major Angiosperm FamiliesYOGITASHARMA92
Angiosperms form the major group of plant kingdom with a plethora of plant species. This slideshow contains key and exceptional characters of major Angiosperm families.
ORDER ASTERALES
Family compositae (Asteraceae)
It is the largest family among angiosperms, containing about 1,620 genera and 23,600 species
Distributation
The member belonging to this family are found in everywhere on the surface of the earth (Cosmopolitan) in each possible type of habitat .Most of them are herbaceous but form tropical regions ,In Pakistan it is represented by many genera few are given as follows.
Scientific Name: Helianthus annus
Local Name: Surij Muki
Family: AsteraceaeScientific Name: Helianthus tuberosus
Local Name: Hatichuk
Family: AsteraceaeScientific Name: Carthanus tinctorius
Local Name: Kusum
Family: AsteraceaeScientific Name: Carthamus oxycanthus
Local Name: Kantiari
Family: AsteraceaeScientific Name: Aertmisia absinthium
Local Name: Vilaiti afsantin
Family: Asteraceae
etc .
About 250 genera and 2000 species distributed mainly in tropical and
subtropical regions and a few also in temperate regions.
Erect or twining perennial herbs (Asclepias), shrubs (Calotropis procera), vines (Leptadenia), or
rarely small trees (Calotropis gigantea). Cryptostegia grandiflora is a stout climbing shrub.
Leaves, usually simple, opposite decussate. Rarely alternate/ whorled.
Inflorescence, mostly dichasial or polychasial cyme.Flower, Bracteate, often bracteolate, complete; actinomorphic, rarely zygomorphic (Ceropegia),
hermaphrodite, pentamerous (except the gynoecium), hypogynous, cyclic.
Perianth biseriate.
A nectariferous corona, consisting of 5 hoods may be present.
Depending upon the condition of androecium, two subfamilies are recognised.
Gynoecium: Bicarpellary, the carpels are free below but united by their apices into the single 5-lobed
stigma; ovary superior.
Fruit: A follicetum of 2 follicles (commonly 1 abort).
Based on pollen characters, Asclepiadaceae is divided into two subfamilies, viz. (i) Periplocoideae
(pollen grains in tetrads; filaments free), and (ii) Cynanchoideae (pollen grains united in pollinia;
filaments united in a tube). Asclepiadaceae is most closely allied to Apocynaceae, and in majority of
the systems of classification both these families are placed side by side. However, the characters such
as presence of translators and presence of gynostegium are absent in Apocynaceae
Asteraceae or aster family is a large family among Dicots with ornamental and medicinal herbs.The name Asteraceae comes from the word Aster"means star in Greek.Previously it is known as compositae; composite inflorescence.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
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Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Asteraceae Family
1.
2. COLLEGE : COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE , JAU ,
AMRELI
B.SC.AGRI. 1ST SEM.
COURSE : P.B.G.1.1
TITLE : ECONOMIC BOTANY
ROLL NO. : 07
TOPIC : A PRESENTATION OF ASTERACEAE FAMILY
(COMPOSITAE)
SUBMITTED TO : PROF. R.S.PARMAR
SUBMITTED BY : DHAVAL BHANDERI
4. HABIT :
These are herbs and shrubs ,
rarely twiners , e.g. Mikarnia scandens ,
or trees , e.g. Vernonia arborea . They
sometimes have internal phloem .
Some genera have latex , e.g. Sonchus ,
Crepis , Lactuca , Picris , etc.
5. LEAVES :
The leaves are simple , alternate
or opposite , rarely compound .
INFLORESCENCE :
The inflorescence is a head
( or capitulum ) , with an involucre of
bracts .
6. FLOWERS (FLORETS) :
The flowers are of two
kinds – the central ones (called disc
florets ) are tubular and the marginal
ones ( called ray florets ) are ligulate .
Sometimes all florets are of one kind ,
either tubular or ligulate . The disc
flowers are regular , tubular , bisexual
and epigynous , each usually in the axil
of a bracteole .
7. CALYX :
The calyx is often modified into
a cluster of hairs called pappus , as in
Tridax and Ageratum , or into scales , as
in sunflower and Eclipta , or absent , as
in water cress (Enhydra) .
COROLLA :
There are (5) petals. It is
gamopetalous and tubular.
8. ANDROECIUM :
The 5 stamens are
epipetalous. The filaments are free but
the anthers united (syngenesious).
GYNOECIUM :
The carpels are (2) ,
syncarpous. The ovary inferior , 1-celled
with one basal , anatropous ovule.
There is one style and the stigma is
bifid.
9. FRUIT :
The fruit is a cypsela.
The ray florets are zygomorphic ,
ligulate , unisexual (female) , or
sometimes neuter , as in sunflower and
epigynous , each usually modified into
pappus. Sometimes it is scaly or absent.
The Corolla has (5) petals , is
gamopetalous and ligulate (strap-
shaped).
10. SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF
COMPOSITAE :
For its many special characters
Compositae is assigned an advanced position ,
the highest according to Engler , in systematic
botany. This means that the family is of recent
origin ; fossils of this family have been traced
down to only the Oligocene period ( and not
further back). Fossil records indicate that the
genus Senecio came into existence first and
other genera developed from it in due course.
11. It is likely that Compositae and Rubiaceae arose
from a common ancestry. The former also
maintains a phylogenetic connecion with
Umbelliferae by virtue of inflorescence and
floral mechanism.
Compositae is remarkable in many respects : it
has the maximum number of species among
dicotyledons and some genera with a very large
number of species ; its worldwide distribution ;
its variety of forms and its very effective
mechanism for cross-pollination.
12. SPECIAL FEATURES :
The special features characterizing
Compositae as an advanced family are as follows :
1. Predominantly herbaceous forms ;
2. Flowers massed together in a head (a perfect type of
inflorescence) with the following decided advantages
–
i. Greater conspicuousness to attract insects for
cross-pollination ;
ii. Considerable saving of corolla-material and
iii. Achievement of cross-pollination by a single
insect within a very short time;
3. Very simple but effective type of floral mechanism
to achieve cross-pollination without at the same
time losing a chance for self-pollination if the
former method fails;
13. 4. Easy access of insects to the nectary which lies at
the base of the style and is protected from rain;
5. Flowers typically pentamerous , gamopetalous ,
bisexual , epigynous with definite number of
stamens and carpels – an almost similar type of
floral construction throughout the whole family ;
6. Efficient protection of floral buds by the involucral
bracts;
7. Very effective mechanism for seed-(fruit-) dispersal
by parachute-like pappus (calyx) or by hooks or
glands developing on the fruit.
