This document describes the poppy family (Papaveraceae). It is mainly distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and consists of 26 genera and 280 species. Some key features include annual to perennial herbs or shrubs with actinomorphic flowers arranged in cymes or solitary. Flowers have 2-3 sepals, 2+2 petals, 3+3 to many stamens, and 2-several fused carpels. The poppy Papaver rhoeas is described as an annual herb with red solitary terminal flowers, numerous stamens, and a capsule fruit.
Poaceae or Gramineae is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns and pasture. The latter are commonly referred to collectively as grass
Characters of Apiaceae:
Stem fistular, leaves alternate, much dissected mostly decompound, sheathing leaf base; inflorescence umbel or compound umbel occasionally simple; flowers epigynous, pentamerous, regular rarely zygomorphic, hermaphrodite; calyx superior, pentafid or 0; corolla five, polypetalous, often inflexed; stamens 5; carpels 2; syncarpous, bicarpellary with 2 pendulous ovules; honey-disc surrounding the stigmas – stylopodium is present; fruit cremocarp; seeds endospermic and oily.
A. Vegetative characters:
Habit:
Plants are mostly herbs which may be annual, biennial or perennial, the herbs may be large (Bupleurum, Heracleum, Agelica) rarely shrubs with aromatic odour due to the presence of oil ducts. Pseudocarum climbs by means of its petioles which are very sensitive to contact.
Poaceae or Gramineae is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns and pasture. The latter are commonly referred to collectively as grass
Characters of Apiaceae:
Stem fistular, leaves alternate, much dissected mostly decompound, sheathing leaf base; inflorescence umbel or compound umbel occasionally simple; flowers epigynous, pentamerous, regular rarely zygomorphic, hermaphrodite; calyx superior, pentafid or 0; corolla five, polypetalous, often inflexed; stamens 5; carpels 2; syncarpous, bicarpellary with 2 pendulous ovules; honey-disc surrounding the stigmas – stylopodium is present; fruit cremocarp; seeds endospermic and oily.
A. Vegetative characters:
Habit:
Plants are mostly herbs which may be annual, biennial or perennial, the herbs may be large (Bupleurum, Heracleum, Agelica) rarely shrubs with aromatic odour due to the presence of oil ducts. Pseudocarum climbs by means of its petioles which are very sensitive to contact.
Family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) is generally characterized by typical legume fruit and the ability to symbiotically fix nitrogen. Among the three subfamilies, Papilionoideae is the largest and possesses the lion’s share of economically important legumes including pulses and forages. Although monophyletic origin is generally considered, traces of polyphyly and paraphyly are evidenced in the subfamilies Mimosoideae and Caesalpinioideae by molecular phylogenetic studies. Development of robust cytogenetic stocks (aneuploids, polyploids, chromosomal aberrations, somaclonal variants, transformants, etc.) and novel functional genomic tools (mutants, molecular markers, DNA libraries, barcode sequences, etc.) have paved the way to legume classical and molecular breeding for high-yield, nutritional quality, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and enhancement of its bioactive natural antioxidants.
* The members of this family are mainly distributed in the tropical parts of the world. The plants occur mostly in dry regions.
* Several shrubby species of Capparis occur in the Mediterranean region.
* Reference - Taxonomy of Angiosperms - Dr. B. P. Pandey
Family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) is generally characterized by typical legume fruit and the ability to symbiotically fix nitrogen. Among the three subfamilies, Papilionoideae is the largest and possesses the lion’s share of economically important legumes including pulses and forages. Although monophyletic origin is generally considered, traces of polyphyly and paraphyly are evidenced in the subfamilies Mimosoideae and Caesalpinioideae by molecular phylogenetic studies. Development of robust cytogenetic stocks (aneuploids, polyploids, chromosomal aberrations, somaclonal variants, transformants, etc.) and novel functional genomic tools (mutants, molecular markers, DNA libraries, barcode sequences, etc.) have paved the way to legume classical and molecular breeding for high-yield, nutritional quality, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and enhancement of its bioactive natural antioxidants.
* The members of this family are mainly distributed in the tropical parts of the world. The plants occur mostly in dry regions.
* Several shrubby species of Capparis occur in the Mediterranean region.
* Reference - Taxonomy of Angiosperms - Dr. B. P. Pandey
Solanaceae family is also known as the potato family.
Around 2000 species of dicotyledonous plants belong to this family.
Solanaceae is a family of angiosperms.
It is widely distributed all over the world in tropical, subtropical and temperate zones.
It includes a number of spices, medicinal plants, agricultural crops, etc.
Vegetables like potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, eggplant are included in the Solanaceae family.
Many plants are of medicinal importance. The main medicinal plants are Atropa belladonna, Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Datura, etc.
Some alkaloids are toxic too. Some of the important alkaloids are tropanes, nicotine, capsaicin, solanine, hyoscyamine, etc.
Many ornamental plants also belong to this family. E.g. Petunia, Lycianthes, Cestrum, etc.
These are important sources of spices. E.g. chilly
The leaves of Nicotiana tabacum are a major source of tobacco. Tobacco is a commercially very important plant.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
2. DISTRIBUTION
• It mainly consists of 26 genera and 280 species chiefly
distributed in northern hemisphere.
• Only 5 genera and 20 species have been so far
reported from India.
• Representatives of this family also occur in Europe,
South Africa, Australia and in Artic region also.
• Some are found as weeds throughout the world.
3. SALIENT FEATURES OF PAPAVERACEAE
• Annual to perennial.
• Herbs, shrubs rarely small trees.
• Actinomorphic flowers.
• Often cyme , solitary or raceme inflorescence.
• 2-3 calyx
• 2+2 petal arrangement
• 3+3 to numerous stamens
• 2- several fused carpels.
• Hypogynous flower.
• Genetic self incompatibility.
5. HABIT:-
• Annual or perennial herbs (DENDROMEDON) , shrubs, rarely
trees (BOCCONIA).
• Plants have latex which is white or yellowish in colour.
STEM:-
• Erect, herbaceous, branched, cylindrical and woody in
BOCCONIA.
LEAVES:-
• Radical simple, alternate, exstipulate, dissected (FUMARIA ,
CHELIDONIUM)
14. PRIMITIVE CHARACTERS OF PAPAVERACEAE
• Presence of shrub and tree.
• Leaves simple and alternate.
• Flower hermaphrodite, hypogynous and actinomorphic.
• Calyx, corolla free.
• Stamens numerous, free and produce abundant pollen.
• Carpels many and loosely united.
• Ovules anantropous and many an each placentum.
15. ADVANCED CHARACTERS OF PAPAVERACEAE
• Plants are mainly herbs.
• Gynoecium syncarpous.
• Calyx polysepalous eg. California poppy.
• Leaves are deeply inscised.
• Some members of family are perigynous eg. California poppy.
16. OTHER MEMBERS
• Argemone mexicana:- A prickly herb that grows
wild on roadside with yellow flower.
• Papaver somniferum:- Source of opium.
• Bocconia:- Tree with apetalous flowers.
18. DISTRIBUTION
• Distributed tropical and subtropical regions, with few
representatives in temperate regions.
Boerhaavia diffusa Bougainvillea glabra
19. SALIENT FEATURE OF NYCTAGINACEAE
• Flower open in late afternoon.
• Mostly hermaphrodite rarely diclinous.
• United brightly coloured bracts.
• Petaloid perianth.
• Tepal 5
• Sepal 1-∞.
• Single carpel.
• Unique fruit ANTHOCARP.
20. HABIT:- Herb, shrub or
scandent or trees.
ROOT:- Tap root, branched.
STEM:- Herbaceous, or woody,
erect or even climbing e.g.
BOUGAINVILLEA
LEAF:- Alternate or opposite,
simple, those of each pair being
very unequal, ex-stipulate
21. FLORAL CHARACTERS
• INFLORESCENCE:- Cymose, biparous with a tendency to
monochasial development in higher branches.
• FLOWER:- Perfect or diclinous as in PISONIA by
suppression of stamen or pistil, hypogenous, actinomorphic,
rarely zygomorphic in anisomeris usually subtended by an
involucre of 3-5 separate or united brightly coloured bracts
that are often mistaken for sepals. In MIRABILIS, each flower
is surrounded at the base by an involucral bracts, each
subtending a flower, in BOERHAAVIA and others, involucral
leaves are reduced to teeth or scales.
22.
23. • PERIANTH:- tepals 4-5, gamophyllous, tubular with wide spreading lobes,
often petalloid (infundibuliform), imbricate or twisted, contorted, connate in a
funnel shaped or tubular perigone, the base of which persists and enclosing
the fruit forming the so called anthocarp.
• ANDROECIUM:-Stamens variable 2-20, free, usually 5-8 or equal to
no. of petal but there may be fewer or more; filaments of unequal
length.
• GYNOECIUM:- One carpel, superior, unilocular with single
basal ovule; style long, simple.
• FRUIT:-Dry one-seeded ANTHOCARP( Achene surrounded by
persistent periath lobes) indehiscent.
24. Mirabilis jalapa
• HABIT:-Large perennial herb,
open in late afternoon.
• ROOT:- Branched tap root.
• STEM:- Herbaceous or woody,
aerial, branched, cylindrical,
green, swollen nodes.
• LEAF:- Simple, petiolate, opposite,
entire, ovate or acute, glabrous,
exstipulate, each pair being often
very unequal in size, net veined,
cauline and ramal.
25. FLORAL CHARACTERS
• INFLORESCENCE:- Cymose type, dichasial cyme with
tendency to monochasial cyme in higher branches.
• FLOWER:- Pedicellate, bracteate, involucre of 5-sepaloid
like bracts, bisexual, actinomorphic, complete, red, yellow
or white, hypogynous. Flower are arranged in cymes of
three of which only the middle flower develops.
• PERIANTH:- Tepals 4-5, petaloid, imbricate or twisted,
contorted, connate in funnel shaped or tubular, the base of
which persists and enclosing the fruit forming the
ANTHOCARP.
26. • ANDROECIUM:- 5 stamen, alternate to tepals, filament
unequal, anthers dithecous, basifixed, introrse.
• GYNOECIUM:- Single carpel, ovary free, superior,
unilocular, basal placentation, single basal erect ovule.
• FRUIT:- An achne, enclosed within the persistent perianth,
indehiscent.
• FLORAL FORMULA:-
Br Brl ⊕ ♀ P(5) A5 G1