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Family Poaceae

The document provides a detailed overview of the Poaceae family, specifically focusing on Avena sativa (oat) and various plant characteristics including habitat, stem types, root systems, leaves, and flower structures. It also highlights the economic importance of certain grasses for food, building materials, furniture making, paper production, medicinal uses, and ornamental purposes. Key members of this family are mentioned, such as wheat, rice, maize, and sorghum.

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Poaceae (GRAMINAE) AVENA SATIVA (Oat_ jai) Sarfraz Ahmed . Govt. Post Graduate College Chishtian
Habitat: Herb:  Non-cultivated  non-woody stem.  Which can be easily broken.  It’s height is about in between 1 to 2 feet. E.g. wheat, rice, maize etc.
Poaceae • Shrub: – Woody stem – height is about 3-4 feet – Bush like appearance. • Tree: • Woody stem which is hard and can’t easily broke it • large in size. E.g. bamboo
Annual: • Annual: –Those plant which can live in one years to complete its life cycle in one year either seed germination and flowering. E.g. wheat, maize etc.
Slide Title Biennial: Those plant which can complete its life cycle in two years. Perennial: Those plant which can complete its life cycle in more than two years. E.g. bamboo
Roots: Adventitious root: Those root which arise from parts other than radical. Fibrous roots. Also adventitious root which are slender like structure and sharply branched. E.g. Zea mays
Stem: Erect: It mean stem grow upright in position. E.g. wheat Cylindrical: Straight and round ( circular in transverse section). E.g. Bamboo Node and internodes: Extension at some points of stem which is repeated regularly from which leaf arises. Internode is the structure present in between two consecutive node. E.g. Sugar cane
• Fistular: Hollow internodes. E.g. Bamboo • Glabrous: Surface is smooth and having no hair.
Leaf: Simple: In which parallel venation is present. Sessile: Petiole is absent. Exstipulate: Stipule absent. Alternate: when leaf arise alternatively from single node.
• Ligulate: Ligule is present. • Parallel venation: Such arrangement of vein on midrib of leaf that further veinlet are not developed. • Leaf base sheathing: A structure at the base of a leaf petiole that partly surrounds or protect the stem.
Inflorescence: • Spikelet inflorescence is found in poaceae. • Each spikelet consist of two perfect and one terminal imperfect • flower enclosed by two glumes.
Flower: • Sessile: Pedicel is absent. • Bracteates: Bract is present. • Incomplete: If one or more floral leaves is missing. • Zygomorphic: Flower can be divided into equal halves in one Plane only. • Bisexual: When both stamen and carpel present on plant. • Hypogynous: In which ovary is superior.
Perianth: • Combination of calyx and corolla is called Perianth. • Two minute lodicule borne below the reproductive part of flower.
Slide Title • Androecium: 3 stamen Polyandrous Anther versatile Inferior Gynoecium: Monocarpellary Ovary superior Basal placentation Unilocular
Floral Formula: Floral Diagram:
Economic importance: • Food: Triticum aestivum(wheat), • Oryza sativa(rice), • Zea mays (Maize), • Sorghum vulgare (Jowar), • Avena sativa (Oats), • Sugar: • Saccharum officinarum (Sugarcane; H. Ganna) is cultivated for gur and sugar.
• Building material: Some species of Bambusa e.g. B. tulda, B. vulgaris are used for scaffolding, thatching huts etc. • Furniture: Species of Dendrocalamus (H. Bent), Arundinaria, Melocalamus are used in manufacture of furniture. • Paper: It is manufactured from certain species of grasses and bamboos.
• Medicinal: Phragmites karka, Cymbopogon schoenanthus etc. are medicinal. Secale cereale is cultivated for extraction of ergotine. Ergotine is an excellent remedy for uterine contraction. • Ornamental: Rhynchelytrum repens, Cortaderia selloana and some species of the tribe Bambusoideae are ornamentals. Besides these a number of grasses are grown to form fine lawns, play grounds etc.
Important members: • Triticum aestivum (wheat) • Oryza sativa (rice) • Hordeum vulgare (barely) • Zea mays (maize) • Sorghum vulgare (jowar)
Family Poaceae