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Family: Ranunculaceae (Ranunculus,Delphinium)

This document describes two plants from the Ranunculaceae family: Ranunculus scleratus and Delphinium ajacis. It provides details on their floral structure including parts, symmetry, aestivation and formula. For Ranunculus, it describes sepals, petals, stamens, and a superior ovary with basal placentation. For Delphinium, it notes zygomorphic symmetry and a gamopetalous corolla with posterior petals fused into a spur. Several medicinal uses of plants from the family are also listed.

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Angiosperms Classification and description in semi- technical language of at least one plant from each family. 1. Ranunculus (Ranunculus scleratus) 2. Delphinium (Delphinium ajacis)
1. Ranunculus • Bracteate • Bracteolate • Actinomorphic • Hermaphrodite • Calyx : 5 • Corolla : 5 • Androecium : ∞ • Gynoecium : ∞ (Hypogynous) Floral Formula:
Floral Diagram :
Floral Diagram : Mother axis
Floral Diagram : Bract
Bracts are leaf like structure at whose axils the flowers are borne. They are not always present ; if a bract is found, the flower is called bracteate , and if a bract is not found, the flower is called ebracteate
Floral Diagram : Bracteole Bracteole
A Bracteole is a small leaf-like structure / secondary bract present on the stalk / pedicel.
Actinomorphic Symmetry
Hermaphrodite Floral Diagram : Both the male and female parts are present in the same flower
Calyx : K •Sepals 5, • Polysepalous, • Petaloid, • Aestivation : Quincuncial.
Aestivation is the positional arrangement of the parts of a flower within a flower. five parts, where two petals or sepals are outside all others, two are inside all others, and the fifth is outside on one margin and inside on the other. Quincuncial Aestivation
Calyx : K
Corolla : C •Petals 5, •Polypetalous, •Pocket-shaped nectary on the inner side at the base of each petal, •Aestivation : Imbricate.
Corolla : C •Pocket-shaped nectary on the inner side at the base of each petal.
•Pocket-shaped nectary on the inner side at the base of each petal
Aestivation is the positional arrangement of the parts of a flower within a flower. where one petal or sepal is outside all others, One is inside all others, and the three are having outside on one margin and inside on the other. Imbricate Aestivation
Corolla : C
Androecium :Ꝏ • Stamens indefinite, • Polyandrous, • Spirally arranged •Anthers elongated • Filament long, •Basifixed, •Extrorse. Stamens
Basifixed: Condition in which an anther is attached from its base to the filament
The anthers are called extrorse when dehiscence takes place away from the centre of the flower towards the periphery.
Gynoecium :Ꝏ •Polycarpellary, • Apocarpous, •Ovary superior, •Unilocular, •Basal placentation Carpels
SUPERIOR OVARY An ovary attached to the receptacle above the attachment of other floral parts. UNILOCULAR : In this type, an ovary consists of a single chamber
BASAL PLACENTATION : The ovules are attached to the base of the ovary,
Floral Diagram :
Ranunculus scleratus
2. Delphinium: • Bracteate • Bracteolate • Zygomorphic • Hermaphrodite • Calyx : 5 • Corolla : 4 (Gamopetalous) • Androecium : 15 • Gynoecium : 1(Hypogynous ) Floral Formula:
Floral Diagram : Mother axis
Floral Diagram : Bracts
Floral Diagram : BracteoleBracteole
Zygomorphic Symmetry
Floral Diagram : Hermaphrodite Both the male and female parts are present in the same flower
Calyx : K •Sepals 5, • Petaloid, •Polysepalous, •Posterior sepal produced into a long spur, •Aestivation: Quincuncial.
Aestivation is the positional arrangement of the parts of a flower within a flower. five parts, where two petals or sepals are outside all others, two are inside all others, and the fifth is outside on one margin and inside on the other. Quincuncial Aestivation
Calyx : K
Corolla : C •Petals 4, •Gamopetalous: the posterior two petals are fused to form spur and projected into the spur of posterior sepal, •Aestivation: Imbricate
The posterior two petals are fused to form spur and projected into the spur of posterior sepal;
Aestivation is the positional arrangement of the parts of a flower within a flower. Margins of adjacent petals or sepals touch each other without overlapping. Valvate Aestivation
Corolla : C
Androecium : 15 •Stamens 15, •Polyandrous, •stamens arranged spirally in five groups of three stamens each alternating with the petals •Filaments are flattened, •Anthers basifixed.
Gynoecium : G Monocarpellary, Unilocular, Ovary superior, Marginal placentation
SUPERIOR OVARY An ovary attached to the receptacle above the attachment of other floral parts. UNILOCULAR : In this type, an ovary consists of a single chamber
MARGINAL PLACENTATION : The ovules develop in rows near the margin on the placenta formed along the ventral suture.
Floral Diagram :
Delphinium ajacis
The seeds of Nigella sativa (H. Kalongi) are used as spice in pickles.
1. Aconitum hererophyllum and A. napellus yield a number of alkaloids specially aconitin. This is used in acute and inflammatory diseases. 2. The roots of Thalictrum yields “mamira”, which is used in opthalamia. 3. Anemone pulsatilla is mostly used in feminine diseases and in gastric derangements. Pulsatilla obtained from Anemone pulsatilla is a good medicine for menstrual disorder.
4. Cimicifuga racemosa gives the black Snake root containing resins. This has been recommended for treatment of cholera and nervous pain. 5. Helleborus niger and H. foetida produce glycosides useful as purgatives in veterinary practices. 6. Delphinium staphisagria is used as antiparasitic ointment.
7. Ranunculus ficaria; - Pilewort- The plant is native of Europe. It makes a good medicine of piles. The patent medicine of piles, known as pilewort ointment’ is prepared from this plant. 8.Ranunculus aquatilis; - Jal dhania- It is used medicinally in the treatment of rheumatic pain and asthma. 9. Clematis triloba; - Murhari- It yields a medicine which is used for the treatment of leprosy and other blood diseases.
10. Aconitum napellus yields an alkaloid aconite used for rheumatism and as nerve sedative. 11. Some species of Clematis are used as a remedy for leprosy and blood diseases. 12. Juice of some species of Ranunculus used for intermittent(Irregular) fever. 13. Roots of Hydrastis canadensis are used as antidote of snake bite.
Some of the plants are cultivated in gardens for their beautiful flowers viz., Ranunculus, Delphinium, Naravelia, Clematis, Nigella and Caltha
Most members of this family have nectaries. Flower nectaries have great importance for honey bees for honey production.
Some members of this family produce acrid juice. It is highly poisonous.
1. Delphimum ajacis; -Rocket Larkspur- This is native of South Europe. The plants are grown in the gardens as ornamentals. The seeds are insecticidal. 2. Delphinium brunonianum; -Musk larkspur- The juice of leaves is used as an insecticide. This is found in the Western Himalayas. 3. Delphinium caemleum; .-Dhakangu- The root is used as an insecticide to kill maggots in the wounds of goats.
Family: Ranunculaceae (Ranunculus,Delphinium)