The Solanaceae family contains many important agricultural crops and toxic plants. It includes crops like potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, and tobacco. Solanaceae species typically have 12 chromosomes, though some have more due to polyploidy. Wild potatoes can have 24-72 chromosomes depending on whether they are diploid, triploid, tetraploid, pentaploid or hexaploid. Cultivated crops like tomatoes and potatoes also vary in their number of chromosomes. The tomato is a berry fruit that is usually self-pollinated though some cross-pollination can occur. Tomato plants can be indeterminate, continuing to grow and produce fruit, or determinate, terminating growth after fruiting once or twice.

2. Solanaceae is a family of flowering plants that
contains a number of important agricultural crops
and many toxic plants
The family includes
Datura (Jimson weed)
Mandragora (mandrake)
Belladonna (deadly nightshade)
Capsicum (paprika, chilli pepper)
Solanum (potato, tomato, aubergine or eggplant)
Nicotiana (tobacco)
Petunia (petunia).

3. Most Solanaceae have basically 12 chromosomes, a
number that has increased due to polyploidy.
Wild potatoes: about 200 species
mostly diploid (2n = 2x = 24 chromosomes)
triploid (3n = 3x = 36 chromosomes
tetraploid (2n = 4x = 48 chromosomes)
pentaploid (2n = 5x = 60)
hexaploid (2n = 6x = 72 chromosome).

4. Solanum tuberosum has 2n = 4x = 48 chromosomes
Some capsicum species have 2n = 2x = 24 chromosomes
others have 2n = 2x = 26 chromosomes
Tomato, 2n = 2x = 24
Tobacco, 2n = 4x = 48
Eggplant, 2n = 2x = 24

5. Tomato
Eggplant
Chili
Potato
Tobacco

7. Lycopersicon lycopersicum, belongs to the family
Solanaceae and is related to brinjal
herbaceous annual plant with bisexual flowers
The fruit is a true berry
It is a self-pollinated crop
in some cases as high as 30% cross-pollination has been
reported.

8. Depending upon the growth habit, the tomato plants
have been categorized into two
indeterminate
determinate types
Indeterminate:
The plant terminates in a vegetative bud
can be harvested in in many times
Determinate:
terminates in a flower-bud
is appropriately called 'self topping' or 'self pruning' type
can be harvested in 2-3 harvests.

13. Kingdom Plantae – Plants
Subkingdom Tracheobionta – Vascular plants
Superdivision Spermatophyta – Seed plants
Division Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants
Class Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons
Subclass Asteridae
Order Solanales
Family Solanaceae – Potato family
Genus Solanum L. – nightshade
Species Solanum lycopersicum L. – garden tomato
Variety Solanum lycopersicum L. var. lycopersicum
– garden tomato

14. Top Tomato Producers — 2008
(in tonnes)
China 33 811 702
United States 12 575 900
Turkey 10 985 400
India 10 260 600
Italy 5 976 912
World Total 129 649 883

15. Flavr Savr, a genetically modified tomato, was the first commercially
grown genetically engineered food to be granted a license for
human consumption
It was produced by the Californian company Calgene, and
submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1992
On May 17, 1994, the FDA completed its evaluation of the Flavr
Savr tomato and the use of APH(3')II, concluding that the tomato
"is as safe as tomatoes bred by conventional means" and "that the
use of aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase II is safe for use as a
processing aid in the development of new varieties of tomato,
oilseed rape, and cotton intended for food use."

16. It was first sold in 1994, and was only available for a
few years before production ceased in 1997
Calgene made history, but mounting costs prevented
the company from becoming profitable, and it was
eventually acquired by Monsanto Company.

17. Circumstantial evidence available in the 1980s
suggested that the tomato fruit enzyme
polygalacturonase (PG), because of its ability to
dissolve cell-wall pectin, was key to fruit softening
Researchers at Calgene, Inc., in Davis, proposed to
suppress PG accumulation in ripening tomatoes by
introducing a reverse-orientation copy of the gene,
an “antisense” copy designed to prevent or
drastically reduce the formation of PG.

18. Their expectation was that ripe fruit would remain
firm longer, perhaps even allowing it to be
transported to market after vine-ripening
Transporting vine-ripened fruit would avoid the
practice of picking green fruits and artificially
ripening them by ethylene treatment, which gives a
ripe tomato colour but not the full array of vine-ripened
tomato flavours.

20. Native to Nepal, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri
Lanka

21. Kingdom Plantae – Plants
Subkingdom Tracheobionta – Vascular plants
Superdivision Spermatophyta – Seed plants
Division Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants
Class Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons
Subclass Asteridae
Order Solanales
Family Solanaceae – Potato family
Genus Solanum L. – nightshade
Species Solanum melongena L. – eggplant

22. Melongena ovata Mill.
Solanum album Noronha
Solanum insanum L.
Solanum longum Roxb.
Solanum melanocarpum Dunal
Solanum melongenum St.-Lag.
Solanum oviferum Salisb.

23. Top ten eggplant producers
11 June 2008
Country Production (tones)
People's Republic of China 18 033 000
India 8 450 200
Egypt 1 000 000
Turkey 791 190
Indonesia 390 000
Iraq 380 000
Japan 375 000
Italy 271 358
Sudan 230 000
United Kingdom 198 000
World 32 072 972

24. Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy 102 kJ (24 kcal)
Carbohydrates 5.7 g
Sugars 2.35 g
Dietary fiber 3.4 g
Fat 0.19 g
Protein 1.01 g
Thiamine (Vit. B1) 0.039 mg (3%)
Riboflavin (Vit. B2) 0.037 mg (2%)
Niacin (Vit. B3) 0.649 mg (4%)
Pantothenic acid (B5) 0.281 mg (6%)
Vitamin B6 0.084 mg (6%)
Folate (Vit. B9) 22 μg (6%)
Vitamin C 2.2 mg (4%)
Calcium 9 mg (1%)
Iron 0.24 mg (2%)
Magnesium 14 mg (4%)
Phosphorus 25 mg (4%)
Potassium 230 mg (5%)
Zinc 0.16 mg (2%)
Manganese 0.25 mg

26. Chili pepper (chilli, chilli pepper, chilli, chillie, chili,
and chile) is the fruit of plants from the genus
Capsicum, members of the nightshade family,
Solanaceae.
Chili peppers originated in the Americas
After the Columbian Exchange, many cultivars of chili
pepper spread across the world, used in both food
and medicine.

27. The plant is a perennial, but usually grown as an
annual, with a densely branched stem.
The plant reaches 0.5–1.5 m (20–60 in). Single white
flowers bear the fruit which is green when unripe,
changing principally to red, although some varieties
may ripen to other colors including brown and
purple.
The green foliage is highlighted by purple veins and
beautiful purple flowers. Sturdy plants grow 30-36"
tall and produces 3-4" fruits similar in shape to a
jalapeno, but black in color ripening to red.

29. Capsicum frutescens is a species of chili pepper
important plant of Ethiopia

31. Capsicum chinense (syn. Capsicum sinense),
commonly called "Yellow Lantern Chili
Capsicum chinense or "Chinese capsicum" is a
misnomer since all capsica originate in the New
World.
Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin (1727-1817), a Dutch
botanist, erroneously named the species in 1776,
because he believed that they originated in China.

33. Capsicum pubescens is a species of the genus Capsicum,
which is found primarily in Central and South America.
The name component pubescens means hairy, which
refers to the hairy leaves of this pepper.
As they reach a relatively advanced age and the lignified
root quickly, and sometimes the name is familiar tree
Chili.
Of all the domesticated species of peppers this is the
least widespread and systematically furthest away from
all others.
A very notable feature of this species is its ability to
withstand cooler temperatures than other pepper plants.

35. The ají pepper, also known as Peruvian hot pepper, is
a unique species of chili pepper, Capsicum baccatum,
containing several different breeds.

37. To be continued