This document provides information on the Menispermaceae plant family. It discusses their systematic position as flowering plants in the order Ranunculales. The family contains 68 genera and around 440 species of mostly woody climbing plants found in tropical areas. They have alternate leaves and unisexual flowers. Economically important alkaloids used in traditional medicine and as poisons on darts can be derived from plants in this family, such as tubocurarine from curare vines.
* The members of this family are mainly distributed in the tropical parts of the world. The plants occur mostly in dry regions.
* Several shrubby species of Capparis occur in the Mediterranean region.
* Reference - Taxonomy of Angiosperms - Dr. B. P. Pandey
* The members of this family are mainly distributed in the tropical parts of the world. The plants occur mostly in dry regions.
* Several shrubby species of Capparis occur in the Mediterranean region.
* Reference - Taxonomy of Angiosperms - Dr. B. P. Pandey
From its initiation in 1998, the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) has focused on the production of an ever-more stable system of classification of the flowering plants (angiosperms). Based largely on analyses of DNA sequence data, the system is compiled by a larger group of experts than any previous system and has the advantage of being testable, allowing for confidence levels in the system to be estimated for the first time.
Characters of Apiaceae:
Stem fistular, leaves alternate, much dissected mostly decompound, sheathing leaf base; inflorescence umbel or compound umbel occasionally simple; flowers epigynous, pentamerous, regular rarely zygomorphic, hermaphrodite; calyx superior, pentafid or 0; corolla five, polypetalous, often inflexed; stamens 5; carpels 2; syncarpous, bicarpellary with 2 pendulous ovules; honey-disc surrounding the stigmas – stylopodium is present; fruit cremocarp; seeds endospermic and oily.
A. Vegetative characters:
Habit:
Plants are mostly herbs which may be annual, biennial or perennial, the herbs may be large (Bupleurum, Heracleum, Agelica) rarely shrubs with aromatic odour due to the presence of oil ducts. Pseudocarum climbs by means of its petioles which are very sensitive to contact.
This PPT has been made to explore the plant classification in general and the classification as made by Bentham & Hooker for the classification of the flowering plants. It also offers the history of plant classification along with the merits and demerits of this aforesaid classification.
Arrangement of plants in an orderly sequence based upon their similarities and relationship in hierarchy such as species, genus, family, order, class and division in conformity with the nomenclatural system
The closely related plants are kept within a group and unrelated plants are kept far apart in separate groups.
From its initiation in 1998, the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) has focused on the production of an ever-more stable system of classification of the flowering plants (angiosperms). Based largely on analyses of DNA sequence data, the system is compiled by a larger group of experts than any previous system and has the advantage of being testable, allowing for confidence levels in the system to be estimated for the first time.
Characters of Apiaceae:
Stem fistular, leaves alternate, much dissected mostly decompound, sheathing leaf base; inflorescence umbel or compound umbel occasionally simple; flowers epigynous, pentamerous, regular rarely zygomorphic, hermaphrodite; calyx superior, pentafid or 0; corolla five, polypetalous, often inflexed; stamens 5; carpels 2; syncarpous, bicarpellary with 2 pendulous ovules; honey-disc surrounding the stigmas – stylopodium is present; fruit cremocarp; seeds endospermic and oily.
A. Vegetative characters:
Habit:
Plants are mostly herbs which may be annual, biennial or perennial, the herbs may be large (Bupleurum, Heracleum, Agelica) rarely shrubs with aromatic odour due to the presence of oil ducts. Pseudocarum climbs by means of its petioles which are very sensitive to contact.
This PPT has been made to explore the plant classification in general and the classification as made by Bentham & Hooker for the classification of the flowering plants. It also offers the history of plant classification along with the merits and demerits of this aforesaid classification.
Arrangement of plants in an orderly sequence based upon their similarities and relationship in hierarchy such as species, genus, family, order, class and division in conformity with the nomenclatural system
The closely related plants are kept within a group and unrelated plants are kept far apart in separate groups.
This presentation has been intended to offer a bird's eye view about the phylogenetic classification of the plant kingdom in general and the Engler and Prantl system in particular with merits and demerits.
Bryophytes are mostly terrestrial plants. They are found in moist shady places. But they need water for fertilization and completion of their life cycle. Hence they are called ‘amphibious plants’.
They include approximately 960 genera and about 25,000 species.
Life cycle of Bryophytes shows sporophytic and gametophytic stages..
Bryophytes have root-like structures called rhizoids. Rhizoids are unicellular in liverworts while multicellular in mosses.
Centrospermae : Salient features, floral & families diversity, and phylogeny
Salient features of Centrospermae
Floral diversity in Centrospermae
Diversity of families in Centrospermae
Phylogeny of order Centrospermae
Dr. Praveen Mohil
Assistant Professor,
Department of Botany
University of Rajasthan
Jaipur.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
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Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
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Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
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Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
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Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
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hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
2. SYSTEMATIC POSITION
Kingdom Plantae – Plants
Subkingdom Tracheobionta – Vascular plants
Superdivision Spermatophyta – Seed plants
Division Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants
Class Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons
Subclass Magnoliidae
Order Ranunculales
Family Menispermaceae – Moonseed family
3. The APG II system (2003; unchanged from the APG system of
1998) recognizes this family and places in the order
Ranunculales, in the clade eudicots.
Their trimerous flower structure is similar to the
Lardizabalaceae and Berberidaceae, although they differ from
them in other important characteristics.
The APW (Angiosperm Phylogeny Website) considers that
they form part of the Order Ranunculales, and that they are a
sister group on the branch formed by the Lardizabalaceae and
Berberidaceae families in a reasonably advanced clade of the
order.
4.
5. This family is commonly called as Moonseed family.
contains 68 genera with some 440 species.
6. DESCRIPTION
HABITAT
They are distributed throughout low-lying tropical areas with
some species present in temperate and arid regions.
7. HABIT:
Twining woody climbing plants,
winding anti-clockwise except Stephania.
Rarely upright shrubs or small trees.
More rarely still herbaceous plants
or epiphytes (Stephania cyanantha).
perennial or deciduous, with simple to
uni-serrate hairs.
8. LEAVES:
Alternate spiral leaves, simple, whole, dentate, lobed to
palmatifid (bi to trifoliate in Burasaia), petiolated, without
stipules, sometimes with spines derived from the petioles
(Antizoma).
Domatia present in 5 genera as pits or hair tufts. Various types
of stomata, frequently cyclocytic.
9. STEM :
Rapidly growing stems with trilacunar nodes. Phylloclades are present in
Cocculus balfourii.
10. INFLORESCENCE :
racemiform, paniculate or thyrse with partial
inflorescences in a capituliform cyme or pseudo-umbel,
multifloral, rarely single or paired flowers, axillary or
on sharp branches or cauliflorous trunks, females
frequently less branched.
11. FLOWER :
Dioecious plants, sometimes perfect flowers in Tiliacora acuminata and
Parabaena denudata.
12. Flowers small, regular to zygomorphic (Antizoma, Cyclea,
Cissampelos), cyclic to irregularly spiral,
hypogynous, basically trimers.
Receptacle sometimes with developed gynophore.
Sepals (1-)3-12 or more, usually in (1-)2(-many) whorls of 3,
rarely 6, free to slightly fused, imbricate or valvate, sometimes
less numerous in female flowers.
Petals 0-6, in 2 whorls of 3, rarely of 6, free or fused,
frequently holding the opposite stamen, sometimes less
numerous in female flowers.
13. Androecium of (1-)3-6(-40) stamens free of the perianth, free
or fused together in 2-5, fasciculate or monadelphous, introrse,
dehiscence along longitudinal, oblique or transversal slits.
Female flowers sometimes with staminodes.
Gynoecium apocarpous, superior, of (1-)3-6(-32) carpels,
stigma apical, dry, papilous, ovules 2 per carpel, anatropous,
hemianatropous to campilotropous, uni- or bitegmic,
crassinucellate, the superior epitropous and fertile, the inferior
apotropous and abortive, placentation marginal ventral. Male
flowers sometimes with carpelodes.
14. Fruit compound, each unit in a straight or flattened,
asymmetric drupe, more or less stipitate (rarely only one
developed),
Exocarp membranous, mesocarp pulpy, fleshy or
fibrous, endocarp woody to petrous, rough, tuberous,
echinate or ribbed, often with a recess in the placenta
called a condyle.
Seeds slightly curved or spiral (Limaciopsis,
Spirospermum), with endosperm absent or present.
embryo straight or curved, with two cotyledons flat or
cylindrical, leafy or fleshy.
Chromosomal number: x = 11, 13, 19, 25. 2n can be up
15. It is thought that the cauliflorous species are pollinated by small bees,
beetles or flies although there are no direct observations of this.
Birds disperse the purple or black drupes, for example Sayornis phoebe
(Tyrant flycatcher) eats the fruit of Cocculus. In Tinospora cordifolia a
lapse of 6–8 weeks has been observed between fertilization and the first
zygotic cell division.
16. Phytochemistry
The family contains a wide range of benzylisoquinoline
compounds (alkaloids) and lignans such as furofuran, flavones
and flavonols and some proanthocyanidins.
The most notable are the wide variety of alkaloids derived from
benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline and aporphine, which accumulate as
dimers, as well as the alkaloids derived from morphinan and from
hasubanan and other diverse types of alkaloid such as derivative
of aza-fluoranthene.
17. Sesquiterpenes such as picrotoxin and diterpenes such as
clerodane diterpene are also present, while the triterpenes are
scarce and where present are similar to oleanane.
Ecdysone steroids have also been found.
Some species are cyanogenic.
18. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
The menispermaceae have been used in traditional
pharmacopeia and drugs have been formulated from these
plants that are of great use in modern medicine.
These drugs are based on alkaloids and include tubocurarine
from curare, a poison used by indigenous South American
tribes on their poison darts, that is obtained from species of
Curarea, Chondrodendron, Sciadotenia and Telitoxicum. A
similar poison was used in Asia (ipos) that was obtained from
species of Anamirta, Tinospora, Coscinium and Cocculus.
19. Tubocurarine and its synthetic derivatives are used to
relax muscles during surgical interventions.
The roots of "kalumba" or "colombo“
(Jateorhiza palmata) are used in
Africa for stomach problems
and against dysentery.
20. Species of Tinospora are used in Asia as antipyretics,
the fruit of Anamirta cocculus is used to poison fish and
birds and the stems of Fibraurea are used to dye fabric
yellow.