This document summarizes various sodium, potassium, and calcium replenishers. Sodium chloride 0.9% is used as a nasal drop, mouthwash, and to treat extracellular volume depletion. Potassium chloride is used to treat potassium deficiency and other conditions. Calcium chloride and calcium gluconate are calcium replenishers used to treat hypocalcemia and as diuretics. The document provides information on preparation, assays, and uses for each of these replenishers.

1. Replenishers

2. SODIUM REPLENISHERS

3. Sodium chloride

4. ASSAY- Modified Volhard’s method-
Back titration precipitate method

6. Uses
• 0.9 % is used for wet dressing and irrigating
body cavities or tissues.
• Emetic and topical inflammatory agent.
• 0.9% used as nasal drop to relieve nasal
congestion.
• As a mouth wash to remove debris to treat
throat infection.
• In dermatological preparation it is used as
hydrating agent.

7. Uses
• Treat extra cellular volume depletion,
dehydration and sodium depletion due to
excessive diuresis [ diabetic insipidus]
• Hypertonic solution are given orally, it induces
vomiting thus it can be used in cse of
poisoning as a first aid.
• Major source of sodium and chloride.

8. POTASSIUM REPLENISHERS
POTASSIUM CLORIDE

9. Preparation

10. Assay- modified volhard’s method

11. Mohr’s method – Argentometric
titration
• Substance dissolved in water then titrated
against 0.1 N AgNO3 using potassium
chromate as indicator.Formation of brick red
color is the end point.

12. Uses
• Electrolyte replenishers.
• Treatment of potassium deficiency.
• Treatment of hypochloremic alkalosis,
myasthenia gravis [ muscle weakness ],
familiar paralysis meniere’s syndrome [ inner
ear disease]
• Antidote for digitalis intoxication.

13. CALCIUM REPLENISHERS

14. CALCIUM CHLORIDE CACL2

15. Preparation
• It is obtained as bi-product in Solvay process.

17. Calcium carbonate treated with conc.HCl, the
solution is filtered and filtrate is evaporated and
cooled crystals are separated out

18. Physical properties
• Deliquescence in moist air

19. Assay- Complexometric titration
• Sample is treated with excess of
magnesium sulphate and ammonia
ammonium chloride buffer. Titrated
against 0.05M disodium edetate using
calcon mixture as indicator. End point is
change of color from pink to full blue.
• Magnesium sulphate act as a
replacement for calcium ions.

20. Uses
• It is used as diuretic, urinary acidifier and
antiallergic agent.
• Desiccant for organic compounds.
• Antispasmodic agent.
• In Lead poisoning
• Oral administration cause constipation.
• In I.V it is irritating vein so injected slowly rapid
administration may leads to burning sensation,
peripheral vasodilation and fall in B.P

21. CALCIUM GLUCONATE
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH

22. Preparation
• Calcium carbonate is treated with gluconic
acid, filtered and crystallized product is
separated from the filtrate.

23. Assay
• Weigh accurately about 0.5 g of the given
sample and dissolve in 50 ml of warm water;
cool, add 5 ml of 0.05 M magnesium sulphate
and 10 ml of strong ammonia solution and
titrate with 0.05 M disodium edetate using
mordant black II mixture as indicator. From
the volume of 0.05 M disodium edetate
required subtract the volume of magnesium
sulphate solution added.

24. Uses
• Main source for calcium ion for treating
hypocalcaemia, tetany or calcium deficiency.
• Diuretic, urinary acidifier and anti allergic
agent.